The importance of community engagement is debated by academics at universities and stakeholders in the higher education sector. Ideas from the EU-project Tailored Applied Research System Implementation are analysed to see how they can be implemented in an academic tourism department, and a community engagement model developed. Exploratory research is conducted using a qualitative method approach with case studies. Conclusions: 1. focused objectives for each stakeholder group which will be influenced by the tourism academy´s community engagement, 2. important prerequisites for the tourism academy engagement in the community and 3. potential co-creative actions, which the Tourism Department has possibilities to conduct.

The relation of educational and community engagement activities is explored in the EU-project Tailored Applied Research System Implementation via action research case studies. The important activities found are Assignments, Internship, Alumni, and Tourism Organisation and Business Contacts. Effectiveness is assessed as educational expediency, network building and labour market partnership. Problems include: lack of resources, and serving academic and community demands simultaneously may cause quality problems.

The purpose is to consider ideas from the EU-project Tailored Applied Research System Implementation, and investigate network actions by an academic department. The theoretical framework's themes are educational pedagogy, course content, education openness, external assignment, contract courses, internships and network groups. An exploratory research with 9 case studies has been conducted using our own Tourism Department as the study object. It is important for academic departments to work with stakeholder related network actions organized into a tool box concept.

This is the final general project report by the Tourism Department at Södertörn University covering activities undertaken and results obtained from the EU-project TARSI (development and implementation of the system of tailored applied research) during the project period October 2009 – September 2011.

I den här studien har Stockholms potential till att presentera ett internationellt shoppingevent undersökts. Studien har haft fokus på framförandet av festivaler med utgångspunkt Istanbul Shopping Festival i Turkiet, som anses vara en stor mode- och shoppingfestival i en växande modestad. Det är väsentligt för studien att använda en redan existerande internationell shoppingfestival som inspirationskälla.

Tourism literature tends to focus on passive tourists, who constitute the majority of tourists today. However, there is a growing number of individuals who overlap their study, work, and business with tourism activities. These independent tourists have created a new segment in the tourism industry, where tourists develop and experience their own tourism activities. However, there is a lack of current research on these independent tourists, especially in terms of how they function in the experience management process and how this can be translated into various new types of offers.

This study investigates the functions, experiences, and behaviors of this type of tourists. Accordingly, this study makes use of purposive sampling, employing direct observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of personal social media (e.g., blogs). The findings show that while some independent tourists function in a multitude of ways, from searching for ideas to composing, creating, and experiencing their own products, others are less active and tend to piggyback their efforts on those of more active tourists. The study finds that the motivational matrix is highly important for individuals who combine work and tourism. Working persons with a strong motivation for tourism relative to work maintain high levels of commitment, activity, and creativity in the tourism sphere, especially when they face problems with their work. Highly satisfied independent tourists initiate future actions by either revisiting the same destination or leading others to have similar experiences at the same location. Finally, the chapter discusses some methodological lessons learned from direct observation and in-depth interviews and studying social media.

Purpose –Several studies of the telecommunications industry have focused on government regulation and structural conditions, suggesting that initial order of entry and network effects create strong first-mover advantages for GSM companies. This paper seeks to change the focus to managerial capabilities and to investigate how an early mover on the Turkish market manages the phase of vigorous competition following the early-regulated period.

Design/methodology/approach –The paper is a case study of one leading firm in the context of the Turkish telecommunications market development. The most important sources for data are Telepati Telekom Journal, Turkcell Annual Reports, Telecommunications Authority of Turkey's publications, the reports of investment institutions, web pages of operators, and previous publications about the Turkish telecom industry.

Findings –The paper finds that the early mover, Turkcell, has used a mix of differentiated marketing strategies, innovative and diversified product development and increased service quality to defend its position in an era of increased competition with new operators, a high number of pre-paid customers and number portability.

Originality/value –On the basis of this case, the paper argues that studies of the telecommunications industry need to expand their analyses of industry structures to also include firm-specific strategies and management capabilities.

A long-standing research tradition has studied processes of late industrialization, with China as the most recent and publicized case. A strong trend among late industrializers is to move rapidly from manufacturing, to product design and to creation of indigenous R&D capabilities. This paper analyzes such a process taking place close to Europe, in the rapidly growing Turkish economy. Most of the literature on R&D internationalization and innovation in emerging economies studies the country level. To these studies the paper brings an important complement by analyzing the performance of individual innovating firms and the structural conditions underpinning their development, such as the role of state support, business group ownership and business group orientation. The paper builds on a comparative case study of two firms in the automotive and white goods industries, and their R&D and product development trajectory, and a brief comparison of the involved business group with other types of business group orientation in Turkey. Insights in innovative, knowledge-acquiring firms in emerging economies are key to understand the broader dynamics of the global knowledge economy, and the new challenges for technology-based firms in the West, where firms from the ´periphery´ suddenly emerge as competitors, not based on low cost but on innovation, patenting and product design. By showing that firms may pursue different roads to upgrading from close collaboration with multinational companies to independent strategies based on autonomous development of proprietary technological knowledge, the paper calls for a differentiated understanding of emerging economy dynamics.

Academic dishonesty and plagiarism have become hot issues in newspapers and academia. However, there are few studies of how leading journals are handling these issues. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to analyze the current situation and policies concerning academic dishonesty, plagiarism and paper retractions in academia in general, and business and economics disciplines in particular. Four databases, Ebsco Business Source Premier, Emerald, JSTOR and ScienceDirect, have been examined. This survey shows that while some science journals, e.g. medical journals, are very active in retracting papers due to the dishonesty and plagiarism, business and economics journals are not. The survey also displays that some journals have already published explicit policies regarding academic honesty; within the business field, however, only two established and one emerging journal discuss such policies. Given the extent of the problem, it seems important that more journals openly confront the situation, elaborate and publish explicit policies how to reduce the future occurrence of academic dishonesty and plagiarism.

Tourism literature suggests that cities as corporate brands which can be promoted in the market and communicated to stakeholders. City tourism managers use tourism products such as festivals or other special events to promote their city as a corporate brand. This paper examines how festivals, in particular, affect the promotion and communication of a city in different market levels. A survey instrument was used to gather data from festival managers in İzmir, Turkey, in April 2009; and Göteborg, Sweden, in April 2009. The main findings indicate that managers perceive their festivals as creating community cohesiveness and strong communication among the current residents. However, they view the impact of the festivals on the promotion of the city within its country or in the international tourism market as limited. This study ultimately suggests that the festivals of İzmir are less efficient in promoting the city and that Göteborg festivals work to promote the city in Sweden and in the larger regions of Scandinavia.

Purpose: My purpose of this study was to examine the factors that motivate Swedes to travel to Egypt and Thailand. To answer the question, I have used two questions.

1. What are the factors that motivate Swedes to travel to Egypt and Thailand?
2. What is the motive for Swedes choose to travel to destinations such as Egypt and Thailand?

Method: The method I am using  is the qualitative method. The qualitative method has been processed through interviews of Swedish travelers, the Swedish travel agencies as well as Egypt and Thailand tourist agencies specializing in trips to Egypt and Thailand via phone and e-mail.

Theory: The theory I am using are motivators and push-pull factors in achieving an understanding of the factors that influence choice for Swedes to travel to destinations such as Egypt and Thailand.

Empiricism: The goal was to get a much more qualitative data from the response from the Swedish travel agencies, Egypt and Thailand tourist agency and Swedish travelers who have traveled to both of these destinations.

Result: What I have come up with in my study is that the factors that motivate Swedish travelers to travel to Egypt and Thailand, is the warm climate, sun and sea, culture, variety, the cheap price situation and that there are activities for different age groups. This has led to the heat in both Egypt and Thailand has attracted Swedish travelers to travel to both destinations. The reason for this is due to the bad weather here in Sweden which includes the winter and snow.

The Agenda 21 model consists of economic, social, and ecological considerations, which are to be balanced for the sustainability concept to be applicable. However, the model is silent on how value conflicts within and between each sphere is handled. These conflicts are investigated in connection with temporal and place dimensions in the three spheres. Anecdotal empirical evidence indicates that three spheres are insufficient and that cultural heritage should be added. Models of sustainability should explicitly address issues of conservation and utilisation value. An attempt is made to integrate all these qualities into an integrated model.

In 2008 the U.N. International Maritime Organisation set up new rules for sulphurous content in maritime fuel. That decision will also have consequences for shipping and trade in, inter alias, the Baltic Sea. From the 1st of July 2010, ships sailing in the Baltic Sea are allowed to have only 1, 5 % sulphurous content in the fuel of the ships and only 0, 1 % in 2015-01-01. Is this a threat to the tourism industry? Will there be fewer cruising ships in the Baltic Sea? Will the ferry traffic between the harbours in the Baltic Sea decrease due to higher fuel price, because of less sulphurous content in the fuel?

Thisarsociety looked at this article will describe how tourism education started in Sweden for about 33 years ago, at university level. The article gives some hints about how three dedicated young teachers take some initiatives at different collegesmore or less at the same time. It is description of how the established university system changed a lot and became a much more modern and streamlined one. The article ends up with some desires like what Swedish tourism programs in the near future need, is increased funding for research and more international contacts and collaborationwith other teachers and students!