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  • 1. Abe, Sarah Krull
    et al.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition).
    Roberts, Bayard
    Richardson, Erica
    Abbott, Pamela
    Rotman, David
    McKee, Martin
    Changing patterns of fruit and vegetable intake in countries of the former Soviet Union2013In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 16, no 11, p. 1924-1932Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Afshin, Ashkan
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Reitsma, Marissa B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sur, Patrick
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Estep, Kara
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lee, Alex
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Marczak, Laurie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Preventat Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vos, Theo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Abate, Kalkidan H.
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Rome, Italy..
    Ahmed, Muktar B.
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA..
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
    Joint Program Family & Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia..
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.;Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Amberbir, Alemayehu
    Dignitas Int, Zomba, Malawi..
    Amegah, Adeladza K.
    Univ Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana..
    Amini, Erfan
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Amrock, Stephen M.
    Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA..
    Anjana, Ranjit M.
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.;Dr Mohans Diabet Special Ctr, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Arnlov, Johan
    Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Sci, Falun, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Dept Emergency Med, Qom, Iran..
    Banerjee, Amitava
    UCL, Farr Inst Hlth Informat Res, London, England..
    Barac, Aleksandra
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Baye, Estifanos
    Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia.;Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England..
    Beyene, Addisu S.
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu
    Independent Publ Hlth Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Biryukov, Stan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bjertness, Espen
    Univ Oslo, Dept Community Med & Global Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Boneya, Dube J.
    Debre Markos Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cecilio, Pedro
    Univ Porto, Dept Ciencias Biol, Fac Farm, Oporto, Portugal..
    Cercy, Kelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Damtew, Solomon A.
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Wolaita Sodo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci & Med, Wolaita, Ethiopia..
    Dandona, Lalit
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Fac Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka..
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Eshrati, Babak
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Arak, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Catholic Univ Portugal, Ctr Biotechnol & Fine Chem, Associate Lab, Fac Biotechnol, Oporto, Portugal..
    Furst, Thomas
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.;Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland..
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye T.
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Gold, Audra
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Univ Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA USA..
    Goto, Atsushi
    Natl Canc Ctr, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan..
    Habtewold, Tesfa D.
    Debre Berhan Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.;Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Hadush, Kokeb T.
    Ambo Univ, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Hay, Simon I.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Oxford, Oxford Big Data Inst, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford, England..
    Horino, Masako
    Bur Child Family & Community Wellness, Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Carson, CA USA..
    Islami, Farhad
    Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA..
    Kamal, Ritul
    CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Epidemiol Div, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Endrocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa V.
    Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Kengne, Andre P.
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan N.
    CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Epidemiol Div, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Khader, Yousef S.
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Med, Publ Hlth & Family Med, Irbid, Jordan..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea.;Seoul Natl Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea..
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA..
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kim, Yun J.
    Southern Univ Coll, Fac Chinese Med, Johor Baharu, Malaysia..
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Univ Canberra, Ctr Res & Act Publ Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Ku, Tiffany
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Publ Hlth Res Inst, Sch Publ Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Larson, Heidi J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia..
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Liu, Patrick
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lozano, Rafael
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Malta, Deborah C.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    Chinese Acad Sci, Key State Lab Mol Dev Biol, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    McAlinden, Colm
    Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Bristol, Avon, England.;Publ Hlth Wales, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA..
    Mengistu, Desalegn T.
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Mensah, George A.
    NHLBI, NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Robert Koch Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Monitoring, Berlin, Germany..
    Mezgebe, Haftay B.
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.;Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan..
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Noubiap, Jean J.
    Groote Schuur Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Obermeyer, Carla M.
    Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Ogbo, Felix A.
    Western Sydney Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Blossom Specialist Med Ctr, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Pediat, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran..
    Rafay, Anwar
    Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Rai, Rajesh K.
    Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India..
    Ranabhat, Chhabi L.
    Yonsei Univ, Dept Preventat Med, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea.;Hlth Sci Fdn & Study Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Reinig, Nikolas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Safiri, Saeid
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Maragheh, Iran..
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA..
    Sanabria, Juan R.
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.;Marshall Univ, Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV USA..
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Sartorius, Benn
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ KwaZulu Natal, Publ Hlth Med, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Durban, South Africa..
    Sawhney, Monika
    Marshall Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Huntington, WV USA..
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Food & Agr Org, Global Perspect Studies Unit, Rome, Italy..
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;North West Univ, Hypertens Africa Res Team, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schmidt, Maria I.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Shamsizadeh, Moretza
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Hamadan, Iran..
    Sheikhbahaei, Sara
    Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Korea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shiri, Rahman
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Shiue, Ivy
    Northumbria Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.;Univ Edinburgh, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Res Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Roba, Hirbo S.
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Silva, Diego A. S.
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Silverberg, Jonathan I.
    Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA..
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Stranges, Saverio
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg.;Western Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, London, ON, Canada..
    Swaminathan, Soumya
    Indian Council Med Res, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain..
    Tadese, Fentaw
    Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia..
    Tedla, Bemnet A.
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.;James Cook Univ, Cairns, Qld, Australia..
    Tegegne, Balewgizie S.
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia.;Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Terkawi, Abdullah S.
    King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Cleveland Clin, Outcomes Res Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.;Univ Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA..
    Thakur, J. S.
    Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India..
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Krakow, Poland.;Wroclaw Med Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Wroclaw, Poland..
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Univ Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Fundacio St Joan de Deu, Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain..
    Ukwaja, Kingsley N.
    Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Univ Warwick, Warwick Ctr Appl Hlth Res & Delivery, Div Hlth Sci, Warwick Med Sch Coventry, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden..
    Vasankari, Tommi
    UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland..
    Vlassov, Vasiliy V.
    Natl Res Univ, Higher Sch Econ, Moscow, Russia..
    Vollset, Stein E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Bergen, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway..
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Canc Registry Norway, Inst Population Based Canc Res, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway.;Arctic Univ Norway, Univ Tromso, Tromso, Norway.;Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Grp, Helsinki, Finland..
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Wesana, Joshua
    Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Ghent, Belgium..
    Westerman, Ronny
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA..
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Kyoto Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Kyoto, Japan..
    Yonga, Gerald
    Aga Khan Univ, East Africa, NCD Res Policy Unit, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Univ Hosp, Setif, Algeria..
    Zenebe, Zerihun M.
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Zipkin, Ben
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years2017In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 377, no 1, p. 13-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.)

  • 3. Andreev, Evgeny
    et al.
    Bogoyavlensky, Dmitri
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition).
    Comparing Alcohol Mortality in Tsarist and Contemporary Russia: Is the Current Situation Historically Unique?2013In: Alcohol and Alcoholism, ISSN 0735-0414, E-ISSN 1464-3502, Vol. 48, no 2, p. 215-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: This study compared the level of alcohol mortality in tsarist and contemporary Russia. Methods: Cross-sectional and annual time-series data from 1870 to 1894, 2008 and 2009 on the mortality rate from deaths due to 'drunkenness' were compared for men in the 50 provinces of tsarist 'European Russia': an area that today corresponds with the territory occupied by the Baltic countries, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and the Russian provinces to the west of the Ural Mountains. Results: In 1870-1894, the male death rate from 'drunkenness' in the Russian provinces (15.9 per 100,000) was much higher than in the non-Russian provinces. However, the rate recorded in Russia in the contemporary period was even higher-23.3. Conclusions: Russia has had high levels of alcohol mortality from at least the late 19th century onwards. While a dangerous drinking pattern and spirits consumption may underpin high alcohol mortality across time, the seemingly much higher levels in the contemporary period seem to be also driven by an unprecedented level of consumption, and also possibly, surrogate alcohol use. This study highlights the urgent need to reduce the level of alcohol consumption among the population in order to reduce high levels of alcohol mortality in contemporary Russia.

  • 4.
    Baars, Adája E
    et al.
    Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Rubio-Valverde, Jose R
    Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Hu, Yannan
    Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Bopp, Matthias
    University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik
    University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Kalediene, Ramune
    Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Martikainen, Pekka
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Regidor, Enrique
    Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
    White, Chris
    Office for National Statistics, London, United Kingdom.
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland.
    Mackenbach, Johan P
    Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Nusselder, Wilma J
    Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Fruit and vegetable consumption and its contribution to inequalities in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy in ten European countries2019In: International Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1661-8556, E-ISSN 1661-8564, Vol. 64, no 6, p. 861-872Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To assess to what extent educational differences in total life expectancy (TLE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) could be reduced by improving fruit and vegetable consumption in ten European countries.

    METHODS: Data from national census or registries with mortality follow-up, EU-SILC, and ESS were used in two scenarios to calculate the impact: the upward levelling scenario (exposure in low educated equals exposure in high educated) and the elimination scenario (no exposure in both groups). Results are estimated for men and women between ages 35 and 79 years.

    RESULTS: Varying by country, upward levelling reduced inequalities in DFLE by 0.1-1.1 years (1-10%) in males, and by 0.0-1.3 years (0-18%) in females. Eliminating exposure reduced inequalities in DFLE between 0.6 and 1.7 years for males (6-15%), and between 0.1 years and 1.8 years for females (3-20%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Upward levelling of fruit and vegetable consumption would have a small, positive effect on both TLE and DFLE, and could potentially reduce inequalities in TLE and DFLE.

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  • 5.
    Baburin, Aleksei
    et al.
    National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Reile, Rainer
    National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
    Veideman, Tatjana
    National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Age, Period and Cohort Effects On Alcohol Consumption In Estonia, 1996-20182021In: Alcohol and Alcoholism, ISSN 0735-0414, E-ISSN 1464-3502, Vol. 56, no 4, p. 451-459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: To analyse the independent effects of age, period and cohort on estimated daily alcohol consumption in Estonia.

    METHODS: This study used data from nationally representative repeated cross-sectional surveys from 1996 to 2018 and included 11,717 men and 16,513 women aged 16-64 years in total. The dependent variables were consumption of total alcohol and consumption by types of beverages (beer, wine and strong liquor) presented as average daily consumption in grams of absolute alcohol. Mixed-effects negative binomial models stratified by sex were used for age-period-cohort analysis.

    RESULTS: Alcohol consumption was highest at ages 20-29 years for both men and women and declined in older ages. Significant period effects were found indicating that total alcohol consumption and consumption of different types of beverages had increased significantly since the 1990s for both men and women. Cohort trends differed for men and women. Men born in the 1990-2000s had significantly lower daily consumption compared to earlier cohorts, whereas the opposite was found for women.

    CONCLUSION: While age-related patterns of alcohol consumption are aligned with life course stages, alcohol use has increased over the study period. Although the total daily consumption among men is nearly four times higher than among women, the cohort trends suggest convergence of alcohol consumption patterns for men and women.

  • 6.
    Barber, Ryan M.
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fullman, Nancy
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bollyky, Thomas
    Council Foreign Relat, Washington, DC USA..
    McKee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Nolte, Ellen
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, European Observ Hlth Syst & Policies, London, England..
    Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy..
    Abbas, Kaja M.
    Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA..
    Abd-Allah, Foad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abdulle, Abdishakur M.
    New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Abera, Semaw Ferede
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Univ Hohenheim, Food Secur, Stuttgart, Germany.;Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, Stuttgart, Germany..
    Abraham, Biju
    NMSM Govt Coll Kalpetta, Kalpetta, Kerala, India..
    Abreha, Girmatsion Fisseha
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Adane, Kelemework
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Adelekan, Ademola Lukman
    Publ Hlth Promot Alliance, Osogbo, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.;KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya..
    Afshin, Ashkan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Agarwal, Arnav
    Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India.;Baylor Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA..
    Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India..
    Agarwal, Sunilkumar
    Natl Inst Occupat Hlth ICMR, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India..
    Agrawal, Anurag
    Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Orthoped Clin Epidemiol Unit, Lund, Sweden..
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ahmed, Kedir Yimam
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
    Jimma Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol, ICT & E Learning, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
    Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Akinyemiju, Tomi F.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Akseer, Nadia
    Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA..
    Alam, Khurshid
    Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Alam, Noore
    Dept Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Alam, Sayed Saidul
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Alene, Kefyalew Addis
    Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Alexander, Lily
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ali, Raghib
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England..
    Ali, Syed Danish
    Univ London, London, England.;SIR Management Consultants, Oxford, England.;Inst & Fac Actuaries, Oxford, England..
    Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Alla, Francois
    Univ Lorraine, Sch Publ Hlth, Nancy, France..
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Allen, Christine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
    Minist Hlth, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia..
    Alsharif, Ubai
    Charite, Ctr Internal Med & Dermatol, Dept Psychosomat Med, Berlin, Germany..
    Altirkawi, Khalid A.
    King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Martin, Elena Alvarez
    Spanish Observ Drugs, Govt Delegat Natl Plan Drugs, Minist Hlth Social Policy & Equal, Madrid, Spain..
    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
    Univ Cartagena, Cartagena De Indias, Colombia..
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adealaide, SA, Australia.;Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.;Univ Salerno, Sch Med, Baronissi, Italy..
    Amini, Erfan
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Inst, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ammar, Walid
    Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Amo-Adjei, Joshu
    African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya.;Univ Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana..
    Amoako, Yaw Ampem
    Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana..
    Anderson, Benjamin O.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Androudi, Sofia
    Univ Thessaly, Larisa, Greece..
    Ansari, Hossein
    Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Zahedan, Iran..
    Ansha, Mustafa Geleto
    West Hararghe Zonal Hlth Dept, Chiro, Ethiopia..
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
    Univ Philippines, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines..
    Aernloev, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden..
    Artaman, Al
    Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada..
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Sch Paramed, Dept Emergency Med, Qom, Iran..
    Assadi, Reza
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Mashhad, Iran..
    Astatkie, Ayalew
    Hawassa Univ, Hawassa, Ethiopia..
    Atey, Tesfay Mehari
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Atique, Suleman
    Taipei Med Univ, Coll Med Sci & Technol, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Atnafu, Niguse Tadele
    Tepi Univ, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia..
    Atre, Sachin R.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, BJ Med Coll, Clin Trials Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Avila-Burgos, Leticia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
    Inst Rech Clin Benin IRCB, Cotonou, Benin.;LERAS Afr, Parakou, Benin..
    Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
    La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr Mother Infant & Family Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru..
    Awasthi, Ashish
    Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu
    Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Azzopardi, Peter
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga Aboriginal Res Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Burnet Inst, Ctr Int Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Saleem, Huda Omer Ba
    Aden Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Aden, Yemen..
    Baernighausen, Till
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA.;Africa Hlth Res Inst, Mtubatuba, South Africa.;Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bacha, Umar
    Univ Management & Technol, Sch Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Badawi, Alaa
    Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Banerjee, Amitava
    UCL, Farr Inst Hlth Informat Res, London, England..
    Barac, Aleksandra
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Barboza, Miguel A.
    CCSS, Hosp Dr Rafael Calderon Guardia, San Jose, Costa Rica.;Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica..
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.
    Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Barrero, Lope H.
    Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia..
    Basu, Sanjay
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Baune, Bernhard T.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adealaide, SA, Australia.;Univ Salerno, Sch Med, Baronissi, Italy..
    Baye, Kaleab
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw
    Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
    Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Coll Med, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA.;Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Bedi, Neeraj
    Coll Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Jazan, Saudi Arabia..
    Beghi, Ettore
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy..
    Bejot, Yannick
    Univ Burgundy, Univ Hosp & Med Sch Dijon, Dijon, France..
    Bello, Aminu K.
    Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada..
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England..
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Berhane, Adugnaw
    Debre Berhan Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Kings Coll London, London, England..
    Bernal, Oscar Alberto
    Univ Andes, Bogota, Colombia..
    Beyene, Addisu Shunu
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.;Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Beyene, Tariku Jibat
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu
    Independent Publ Hlth Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Bikbov, Boris
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy..
    Birlik, Sait Mentes
    GBS CIDP Int Fdn, Menemen, Turkey..
    Birungi, Charles
    UCL, London, England..
    Biryukov, Stan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bisanzio, Donal
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia..
    Bose, Dipan
    World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA..
    Brainin, Michael
    Danube Univ Krems, Krems, Austria..
    Brauer, Michael
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Brazinova, Alexandra
    Trnava Univ, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia.;Int Neurotrauma Res Org, Vienna, Austria..
    Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
    Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Butt, Zahid A.
    Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan..
    Cardenas, Rosario
    Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA.;Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Car, Josip
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore..
    Carrero, Juan Jesus
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Casey, Daniel
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Caso, Valeria
    Univ Perugia, Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy..
    Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
    Inst Nacl Salud, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia.;Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia..
    Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo
    Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica.;Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes De Oca, Costa Rica..
    Catala-Lopez, Ferran
    Univ Valencia, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain.;CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain.;Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Cecilio, Pedro
    Cercy, Kelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Charlson, Fiona J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Chen, Alan Z.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Chew, Adrienne
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Chibalabala, Mirriam
    Crowd Watch Africa, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan..
    Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.;Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chitheer, Abdulaal A.
    Minist Hlth, Baghdad, Iraq..
    Chowdhury, Rajiv
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England..
    Christensen, Hanne
    Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ Adelaide, Adealaide, SA, Australia..
    Cirillo, Massimo
    Univ Salerno, Baronissi, Italy..
    Coggeshall, Megan S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cooper, Leslie Trumbull
    Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA..
    Cortinovis, Monica
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy..
    Crump, John A.
    Univ Otago, Dunedin Sch Med, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand..
    Dalal, Koustuv
    Univ Orebro, Sch Hlth & Med Sci, Ctr Injury Prevent & Safety Promot, Orebro, Sweden. Walden Univ, Minneapolis, MN USA..
    Dandona, Lalit
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India..
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India..
    Dargan, Paul I.
    Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London, England..
    das Neves, Jose
    Univ Porto, Fac Med, I3S Inst Invest Inovacao Saude, Oporto, Portugal.;Univ Porto, Fac Med, INEB Inst Engn Biomed, Oporto, Portugal..
    Davey, Gail
    Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Ctr Global Hlth, Brighton, E Sussex, England..
    Davitoiu, Dragos V.
    Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania..
    Davletov, Kairat
    Republican Inst Cardiol & Internal Dis, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan.;Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    De Leo, Diego
    Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Del Gobbo, Liana C.
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    del Pozo-Cruz, Borja
    Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Dellavalle, Robert P.
    Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA..
    Deribe, Kebede
    Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Brighton, E Sussex, England..
    Deribew, Amare
    KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Jarlais, Don C. Des
    Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY USA.;Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA..
    Dey, Subhojit
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth Delhi, Gurgaon, India..
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Univ Peradeniya, Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka..
    Dicker, Daniel
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ding, Eric L.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA..
    Dokova, Klara
    Med Univ Varna, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Social Med, Varna, Bulgaria..
    Dorsey, E. Ray
    Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA..
    Doyle, Kerrie E.
    RMIT Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.;Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Dubey, Manisha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Ehrenkranz, Rebecca
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ellingsen, Christian Lycke
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Elyazar, Iqbal
    Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Enayati, Ahmadali
    Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich
    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Social & Econ Studies Populat, Moscow, Russia.;Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia..
    Eshrati, Babak
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran.;Arak Univ Med Sci, Arak, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Inst, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Estep, Kara
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fuerst, Thomas
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.;Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland..
    Faghmous, Imad D. A.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele
    Hawassa Univ, Hawassa, Ethiopia.;Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino
    Univ Philippines, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines.;Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines..
    Farid, Talha A.
    Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA..
    Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa
    DGS Directorate Gen Hlth, Lisbon, Portugal.;Univ Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Faro, Andre
    Univ Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil..
    Farvid, Maryam S.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA USA.;Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Mongan Inst Hlth Policy, Harvard MGH Ctr Gen Vulnerable Populat & Hlth Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Feigl, Andrea B.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA..
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fernandes, Jefferson G.
    German Hosp Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Educ & Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Catholic Univ Portugal, Fac Biotechnol, CBQF Ctr Biotechnol & Fine Chem, Associate Lab, Oporto, Portugal..
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa
    Wollega Univ, Nekemte, Ethiopia..
    Fischer, Florian
    Univ Bielefeld, Sch Publ Hlth, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Fitzmaurice, Christina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Hematol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA..
    Fleming, Thomas D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Foigt, Nataliya
    Acad Med Sci, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine..
    Foreman, Kyle J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Seattle Genet, Seattle, WA USA..
    Franklin, Richard C.
    James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld, Australia..
    Frostad, Joseph
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde G.
    Gakidou, Emmanuela
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gambashidze, Ketevan
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.;Natl Ctr Dis Control Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia..
    Gamkrelidze, Amiran
    Gao, Wayne
    Natl Hlth Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
    Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Manhica, Mozambique.;Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain..
    Gebre, Teshome
    Task Force Global Hlth, Decatur, GA USA..
    Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia.;Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany..
    Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Gebru, Alemseged Aregay
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Kilte Awlaelo Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Gelaye, Amha Admasie
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Genova-Maleras, Ricard
    Reg Hlth Council, Directorate Gen Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain.;Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain..
    Gibney, Katherine B.
    Univ Melbourne, Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Royal Melbourne Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Giref, Ababi Zergaw
    UCL, Farr Inst Hlth Informat Res, London, England.;Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo
    Haramaya Univ, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.;Kersa Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Giussani, Giorgia
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy..
    Godwin, William W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gold, Audra
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Goldberg, Ellen M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Univ Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125 USA..
    Goodridge, Amador
    Inst Invest Cient & Serv Alta Tecnol INDICASAT AI, Cuidad Del Saber, Panama..
    Gopalani, Sameer Vali
    Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia..
    Goto, Atsushi
    Natl Canc Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol, Tokyo, Japan..
    Graetz, Nicholas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Greaves, Felix
    Imperial Coll London, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, London, England..
    Griswold, Max
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Guban, Peter Imre
    Stockholm Cty Council Surveillance & Anal Ctr Epi, Solna, Sweden..
    Gugnani, Harish Chander
    St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Quarter, Anguilla.;St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Quarter, Anguilla..
    Gupta, Prakash C.
    Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Navi Mumbai, India..
    Gupta, Rahul
    West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA.;Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Gupta, Rajeev
    Gupta, Tanush
    Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Gupta, Vipin
    Univ Delhi, Dept Anthropol, Delhi, India..
    Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie
    Debre Berhan Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.;Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Inst, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Haile, Demewoz
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne
    Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway..
    Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Kilte Awlaelo Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Hakuzimana, Alex
    Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.;Euclid Univ, Banjul, Gambia..
    Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
    Arabian Gulf Univ, Manama, Bahrain..
    Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Dubai, U Arab Emirates..
    Hammami, Mouhanad
    Wayne Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Detroit, MI USA..
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA, Australia.;Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Nedlands, WA, Australia.;Western Australian Neurosci Res Inst, Nedlands, WA, Australia..
    Hao, Yuantao
    Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Harb, Hilda L.
    Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Hareri, Habtamu Abera
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Haro, Josep Maria
    CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain..
    Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Ctr Air Pollut Res, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Ctr Air Pollut Res Inst Environm Res, Tehran, Iran..
    Havmoeller, Rasmus
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hay, Roderick J.
    Univ Oxford, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford Big Data Inst, Oxford, England.;Kings Coll London, London, England.;Int Fdn Dermatol, London, England..
    Hay, Simon I.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hendrie, Delia
    Curtin Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Bentley, WA, Australia..
    Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Hoek, Hans W.
    Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands.;Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA..
    Horino, Masako
    Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Carson City, NV USA..
    Horita, Nobuyuki
    Yokohama City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan..
    Hosgood, H. Dean
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Htet, Aung Soe
    Minist Hlth, Int Relat Div, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.;Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway..
    Hu, Guoqing
    Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China..
    Huang, Hsiang
    Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Huang, John J.
    Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA..
    Huntley, Bethany M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Huynh, Chantal
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Iburg, Kim Moesgaard
    Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania..
    Innos, Kaire
    Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, Estonia..
    Irenso, Asnake Ararsa
    Haramaya Univ, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.;Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Jahanmehr, Nader
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran..
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.
    Univ Kragujevac, Fac Med Sci, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    James, Peter
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA..
    James, Spencer Lewis
    Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA..
    Javanbakht, Mehdi
    Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland..
    Jayaraman, Sudha P.
    Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, Richmond, VA USA..
    Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
    Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka.;Inst Violence & Injury Prevent, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka..
    Jeemon, Panniyammakal
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Control Chron Condit, New Delhi, India.;Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Control Chron Condit, Guragon, India.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Control Chron Condit, Gurgaon, India..
    Jha, Vivekanand
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.;George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India..
    John, Denny
    Int Ctr Res Women, New Delhi, India..
    Johnson, Catherine
    Johnson, Sarah C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany..
    Juel, Knud
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Kabir, Zubair
    Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland..
    Kalkonde, Yogeshwar
    Soc Educ Act & Res Community Hlth, Gadchiroli, India..
    Kamal, Ritul
    CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Kan, Haidong
    Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Karch, Andre
    Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Epidemiol & Stat Methods Res Grp, Braunschweig, Germany.;German Ctr Infect Res, Hannover Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany..
    Karema, Corine Kakizi
    Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland.;Qual & Equity Hlth Care, Kigali, Rwanda..
    Karimi, Seyed M.
    Univ Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA USA..
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Inst, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA USA..
    Kastor, Anshul
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
    Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Kazanjan, Konstantin
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia..
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Inst Trop & Infect Dis, Nairobi, Kenya.;Sch Continuing & Distance Educ, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Kemmer, Laura
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kemp, Andrew Haddon
    Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales.;Univ Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia..
    Kengne, Andre Pascal
    Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Kerbo, Amene Abebe
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Kereselidze, Maia
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia..
    Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair
    CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan..
    Khalil, Ibrahim
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Khan, Abdur Rahman
    Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA..
    Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
    Hlth Serv Acad, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Khan, Gulfaraz
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Med Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah
    Mohammed Ibn Saudi Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Khonelidze, Irma
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia..
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA..
    Kibret, Getiye Dejenu
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kim, Pauline
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kim, Yun Jin
    Southern Univ Coll, Skudai, Malaysia..
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Simmons Coll, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Ctr Res & Act Publ Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Kissoon, Niranjan
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Karolinska Inst, Aging Res Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kokubo, Yoshihiro
    Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan..
    Kolk, Anneli
    Univ Tartu, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Tartu, Estonia..
    Kolte, Dhaval
    Brown Univ, Div Cardiol, Providence, RI 02912 USA..
    Kopec, Jacek A.
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kosen, Soewarta
    NIHRD, Ctr Community Empowerment Hlth Policy & Humanitie, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Koul, Parvaiz A.
    Sher Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India..
    Koyanagi, Ai
    CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain..
    Kravchenko, Michael
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia..
    Krishnaswami, Sanjay
    Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA..
    Krohn, Kristopher J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
    Hacettepe Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey..
    Kuipers, Ernst J.
    Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Kulkarni, Veena S.
    Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR USA..
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Guragon, India..
    Kumsa, Fekede Asefa
    Haramaya Univ, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.;Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Kutz, Michael
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kyu, Hmwe H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lager, Anton Carl Jonas
    Stockholm Cty Council, Ctr Epidemiol & Community Med, Solna, Sweden..
    Lal, Aparna
    Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Lallukka, Tea
    Univ Helsinki, Fac Med, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth Work Org, Dept Publ Hlth,Work Disabil Program, Helsinki, Finland..
    Lan, Qing
    NCI, Rockville, MD USA..
    Langan, Sinead M.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Lansingh, Van C.
    Help Me See Inc, New York, NY USA.;Inst Mexicano Oftalmol, Queretaro, Mexico..
    Larson, Heidi J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Laryea, Dennis Odai
    Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Kumasi, Ghana..
    Latif, Asma Abdul
    Lahore Coll Women Univ, Dept Zool, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz
    Inst Nacl Epidemiol Dr Juan H Jara, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina..
    Leasher, Janet L.
    Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA..
    Leigh, James
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallin, Estonia.
    Leshargie, Cheru Tesema
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Leung, Janni
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Leung, Ricky
    SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA..
    Levi, Miriam
    Tuscany Reg Ctr Occupat Injuries & Dis, Florence, Italy..
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lind, Margaret
    Linn, Shai
    Univ Haifa, Haifa, Israel..
    Lipshultz, Steven E.
    Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA.;Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA..
    Liu, Patrick
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Liu, Yang
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Lo, Loon-Tzian
    UnionHealth Associates LLC, St Louis, MO USA.;Alton Mental Hlth Ctr, Alton, IL USA..
    Logroscino, Giancarlo
    Univ Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lorch, Scott A.
    Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Lozano, Rafael
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.;Univ Liverpool, Sch Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Lyons, Ronan A.
    Swansea Univ, Farr Inst, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King
    Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA..
    Mackay, Mark T.
    Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd
    Mansoura Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt..
    El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd
    Aswan Univ Hosp, Aswan Fac Med, Aswan, Egypt..
    Mahdavi, Mahdi
    Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Social Secur Org Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Mantovani, Lorenzo G.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy..
    Manyazewal, Tsegahun
    Ethiopian Publ Hlth Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Mapoma, Chabila C.
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Marcenes, Wagner
    Kings Coll London, Dent Inst, Div Populat & Patient Hlth, London, England..
    Marks, Guy B.
    Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Marquez, Neal
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Martinez-Raga, Jose
    Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.;CEU Cardinal Herrera Univ, Moncada, Spain..
    Marzan, Melvin Barrientos
    Univ East Ramon, Magsaysay Mem Med Ctr, Quezon City, Philippines..
    Massano, Joao
    Univ Porto, Fac Med, Oporto, Portugal.;ULS Matosinhos, Hosp Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal..
    Mathur, Manu Raj
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Maulik, Pallab K.
    George Inst Global Hlth India, New Delhi, India..
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Key State Lab Mol Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    McAlinden, Colm
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Bristol, Avon, England.;Publ Hlth Wales, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    McGrath, John J.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    McNellan, Claire
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Meaney, Peter A.
    Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.;Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Mehari, Alem
    Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC USA..
    Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
    Janakpuri Superspecialty Hosp, New Delhi, India..
    Meier, Toni
    Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany..
    Mekonnen, Alemayehu B.
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Memish, Ziad A.
    Saudi Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Mengesha, Melkamu Merid
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Mengiste, Desalegn Tadese
    Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Mengistie, Mubarek Abera
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Menota, Bereket Gebremichael
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Mensah, George A.
    NHLBI, NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Mereta, Seid Tiku
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Meretoja, Atte
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Meretoja, Tuomo J.
    Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Micha, Renata
    Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA..
    Millear, Anoushka
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mills, Edward J.
    Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Minnig, Shawn
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mirarefin, Mojde
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Hunger Act Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA..
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.;Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan..
    Mock, Charles N.
    Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
    Univ Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq..
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.;Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Mohanty, Sanjay K.
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mola, Glen Liddell D.
    Univ Papua New Guinea, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Reprod Hlth & ObGyn, Boroko, Papua N Guinea..
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, London, England..
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Montico, Marcella
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Preventat Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr GILDRC, Dept Community Med, Tehran, Iran..
    Moraga, Paula
    Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Morawska, Lidia
    Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Mori, Rintaro
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan..
    Moses, Mark
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Murthy, Srinivas
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia..
    Nachega, Jean B.
    Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA.;Univ Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.;Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Nagata, Chie
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan..
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Ulm Univ, Ulm, Germany..
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Naheed, Aliya
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Naldi, Luigi
    Azienda Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy..
    Nangia, Vinay
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.;Hosp Univ Ciencias Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Negoi, Ionut
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania..
    Neupane, Sudan Prasad
    Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway..
    Newton, Charles R.
    KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya..
    Ng, Marie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak
    Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania..
    Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku
    Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Nguyen, Grant
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
    Taipei Med Univ, Coll Med Sci & Technol, Taipei, Taiwan.;Semarang State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Semarang City, Indonesia..
    Nolte, Sandra
    Deakin Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Dev, Populat Hlth Strateg Res Ctr, Burwood, Vic, Australia.;Deakin Univ, Populat Hlth Strateg Res Ctr, Sch Hlth & Social Dev, Geelong, Vic, Australia..
    Nomura, Marika
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Saitama, Japan..
    Norheim, Ole F.
    Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway..
    Norrving, Bo
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Neurol, Lund, Sweden..
    Noubiap, Jean Jacques N.
    Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.;Med Diagnost Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
    Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Hlth Res, Penrith, NSW, Australia..
    Oh, In-Hwan
    Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Okoro, Anselm
    Soc Family Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria..
    Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
    HSRC, Durban, South Africa.;Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa..
    Olagunju, Andrew Toyin
    Univ Adelaide, Adealaide, SA, Australia..
    Olivares, Pedro R.
    Univ Autonoma Chile, Talca, Chile..
    Olsen, Helen E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Opio, John Nelson
    Lira Dist Local Govt, Lira Municipal Council, Lira, Uganda..
    Oren, Eyal
    Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA..
    Ortiz, Alberto
    IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain..
    Osborne, Richard H.
    Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic, Australia..
    Osman, Majdi
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.;YBank, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Blossom Specialist Med Ctr, Ibadan, Nigeria. JSS Univ, JSS Med Coll, Mysore, Karnataka, India..
    Mahesh, P. A.
    Pain, Amanda W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pakhale, Smita
    Ottawa Hosp, Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Castillo, Elizabeth Palomares
    Minist Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.;Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Pana, Adrian
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania..
    Papachristou, Christina
    Charite, Ctr Internal Med & Dermatol, Dept Psychosomat Med, Berlin, Germany..
    Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Patel, Tejas
    Mt Sinai Hlth Syst, New York, NY USA..
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Paudel, Deepak
    UK Dept Int Dev, Lalitpur, Nepal..
    Paul, Vinod K.
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India..
    Pearce, Neil
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Pereira, David M.
    Univ Porto, Fac Farm, REQUIMTE LAQV, Lab Farmacognosia, Oporto, Portugal..
    Perez-Padilla, Rogelio
    Natl Inst Resp Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Perez-Ruiz, Fernando
    Hop Univ Cruces, OSI EE Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain.;Biocruces Hlth Res Inst, Baracaldo, Spain..
    Perico, Norberto
    Pesudovs, Konrad
    Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Petzold, Max
    Univ Gothenburg, Hlth Metr Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Phillips, Michael Robert
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Pigott, David M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pillay, Julian David
    Durban Univ Technol, Durban, South Africa..
    Pinho, Christine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Polinder, Suzanne
    Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Pond, Constance D.
    Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia..
    Prakash, V.
    Charotar Univ Sci & Technol, Anand, Gujarat, India..
    Purwar, Manorama
    Intergrowth 21st Study Res Ctr, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran..
    Quistberg, D. Alex
    Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Radfar, Amir
    AT Still Univ, Kirksville, MO USA..
    Rafay, Anwar
    Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan.;Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Rahimi, Kazem
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England..
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Rahman, Mahfuzar
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.;BRAC, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India..
    Ram, Usha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Rana, Saleem M.
    Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan.;Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Rankin, Zane
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya
    Diabet Res Soc, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.;Diabet Res Ctr, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India..
    Rao, Puja C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rawaf, Salman
    Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Reitsma, Marissa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Remuzzi, Giuseppe
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy.;Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.;Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci L Sacco, Milan, Italy..
    Renzaho, Andre M. N. N.
    Univ Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia..
    Resnikoff, Serge
    Univ New South Wales, Brien Holden Vision Inst, Randwick, NSW, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Randwick, NSW, Australia..
    Rezaei, Satar
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran.;Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sari, Iran..
    Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
    Ribeiro, Antonio L.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Roba, Hirbo Shore
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Rokni, Mohammad Bagher
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Ronfani, Luca
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rothenbacher, Dietrich
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany..
    Roy, Nawal K.
    Holmusk, Singapore, Singapore.;Duke NUS Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Sachdev, Perminder S.
    Univ New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.;Prince Wales Hosp, Randwick, NSW, Australia..
    Sackey, Ben Benasco
    World Hlth Org, Accra, Ghana..
    Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya
    Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Safiri, Saeid
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Maragheh, Iran..
    Sagar, Rajesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India..
    Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, MS Res Ctr, Neurosci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, MS Res Ctr, Neurosci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad
    Dev Res & Projects Ctr, Abuja, Nigeria..
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA..
    Samy, Abdallah M.
    Erasmus MC, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Sanabria, Juan Ramon
    Marshall Univ, J Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV USA.;Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores
    IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain..
    Sandar, Logan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Internal Med Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Santos, Joao Vasco
    Univ Porto, Fac Med, Oporto, Portugal..
    Milicevic, Milena M. Santric
    Univ Belgrade, Inst Social Med, Belgrade, Serbia.;Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo
    Univ Ciencias Aplicadas & Ambient, Bogota, Colombia..
    Sartorius, Benn
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa.;SAMRC, UKZN Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Satpathy, Maheswar
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India..
    Savic, Miloje
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Sawhney, Monika
    Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV USA..
    Saylan, Mete I.
    Bayer Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Schoettker, Ben
    German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Ageing Res, Heidelberg, Germany.;FOM Univ, Inst Hlth Care & Social Sci, Essen, Germany..
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    North West Univ, Hypertens Africa Res Team HART, Potchefstroom, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwebel, David C.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Seedat, Soraya
    Univ Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Seid, Abdulbasit Musa
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Seifu, Canaan Negash
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Serdar, Berrin
    Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA..
    Servan-Mori, Edson E.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Setegn, Tesfaye
    Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Shackelford, Katya Anne
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Shaheen, Amira
    Najah Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nablus, Palestine..
    Shahraz, Saeid
    Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA..
    Shaikh, Masood Ali
    Shakh-Nazarova, Marina
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia..
    Shamsipour, Mansour
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Environm Res, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Environm Res, Tehran, Iran..
    Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res ICDDR, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Sharma, Jayendra
    Minist Hlth, Thimphu, Bhutan..
    Sharma, Rajesh
    Indian Inst Technol Ropar, Rupnagar, India..
    She, Jun
    Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Sheikhbahaei, Sara
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Inst, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Shen, Jiabin
    Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Columbus, OH USA..
    Shi, Peilin
    Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA..
    Shigematsu, Mika
    Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan.;Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA..
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Korea Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shiri, Rahman
    Univ Helsinki, Fac Med, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth Work Org, Dept Publ Hlth,Work Disabil Program, Helsinki, Finland..
    Shoman, Haitham
    Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Shrime, Mark G.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA..
    Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
    Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves
    Brasilia Univ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Sindi, Shireen
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Singh, Abhishek
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA.;Birmingham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Singh, Om Prakash
    Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Singh, Prashant Kumar
    Inst Human Dev, New Delhi, India..
    Singh, Virendra
    Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Sinke, Abiy Hiruye
    Ethiopian Med Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Sinshaw, Aklilu Endalamaw
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Skirbekk, Vegard
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway.;Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA..
    Sliwa, Karen
    Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiovasc Res Africa, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Smith, Alison
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sobngwi, Eugene
    Univ Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.;Yaounde Cent Hosp, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Soneji, Samir
    Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA..
    Soriano, Joan B.
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Invest Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain..
    Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil..
    Sposato, Luciano A.
    Western Univ, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada..
    Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
    Int Med Univ, Dept Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Stathopoulou, Vasiliki
    Attikon Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece..
    Steel, Nicholas
    Publ Hlth England, London, England.;Univ East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
    Steiner, Caitlyn
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Steinke, Sabine
    Univ Hosp Muenster, Dept Dermatol, Munster, Germany..
    Stokes, Mark Andrew
    Deakin Univ, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Stranges, Saverio
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Strong, Mark
    Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England..
    Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos
    Alexandra Gen Hosp Athens, Athens, Greece.;Ctr Hosp Publ Cotentin, Cherbourg, France..
    Sturua, Lela
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia..
    Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale
    Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader
    Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Sun, Jiandong
    Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Univ Southern Queensland, Inst Resilient Regions, Springfield, Qld, Australia..
    Sur, Patrick
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Swaminathan, Soumya
    Indian Council Med Res, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Sykes, Bryan L.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Sociol, Irvine, CA USA.;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA..
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Univ Valencia, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain.;CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain..
    Tabb, Karen M.
    Univ Illinois, Sch Social Work, Champaign, IL USA..
    Taffere, Getachew Redae
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Talongwa, Roberto Tchio
    Minist Hlth, MINSANTE, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Tarajia, Musharaf
    Inst Conmemorativo Gorgas Estudios Salud, Panama City, Panama..
    Tavakkoli, Mohammad
    New York Med Ctr, Valhalla, NY USA..
    Taveira, Nuno
    Inst Super Ciencias Saude Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal.;Univ Lisbon, Faulty Pharm, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Teeple, Stephanie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Tekelab, Tesfalidet
    Wollega Univ, Nekemte, Ethiopia.;Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    Tekle, Dejen Yemane
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Shifa, Girma Temam
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman
    Univ Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA.;King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Cleveland Clin, Outcomes Res Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Thakur, J. S.
    Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India..
    Thomson, Alan J.
    Adapt Knowledge Management, Victoria, BC, Canada..
    Tillmann, Taavi
    UCL, Inst Epidemiol & Hlth, London, England..
    Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan..
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland..
    Tortajada, Miguel
    Hosp Univ Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain..
    Troeger, Christopher
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Truelsen, Thomas
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Neurol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Tura, Abera Kenay
    Haramaya Univ, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.;Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Uchendu, Uche S.
    Washington DC, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA..
    Ukwaja, Kingsley N.
    Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
    Undurraga, Eduardo A.
    Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA..
    Uneke, Chigozie Jesse
    Ebonyi State Univ, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    van Boven, Job F. M.
    Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Van Dingenen, Rita
    Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy..
    Varughese, Santosh
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Vasankari, Tommi
    UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland..
    Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
    Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore..
    Violante, Francesco S.
    Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy..
    Vladimirov, Sergey K.
    Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia..
    Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
    Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Moscow, Russia..
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway..
    Vos, Theo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wagner, Joseph A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wakayo, Tolassa
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Waller, Stephen G.
    Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA..
    Walson, Judd L.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Nat Hist Museum, London, England..
    Wang, Haidong
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wang, Yuan-Pang
    Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Watkins, David A.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Canc Registry Norway, Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway.;Univ Tromso, Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Community Med, Tromso, Norway.;Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Grp, Helsinki, Finland..
    Weintraub, Robert G.
    Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Wen, Chi-Pang
    Natl Hlth Res Inst, Hlth Policy, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortality Follow Up German Natl Co, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Wesana, Joshua
    Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.;Mt Moon Univ, Ft Portal, Uganda..
    Westerman, Ronny
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany.;German Natl Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Whiteford, Harvey A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Wilkinson, James D.
    Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA..
    Wiysonge, Charles Shey
    Univ Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.;Cochrane South Africa, South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Woldeyes, Belete Getahun
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Wolfe, Charles D. A.
    Kings Coll London, Div Hlth & Social Care Res, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Comprehens Biomed Res Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth Res, London, England.;Kings Coll London, London, England..
    Won, Sungho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea..
    Workicho, Abdulhalik
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia.;Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium..
    Workie, Shimelash Bitew
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. St Pauls Hosp, Millenium Med Coll, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Continental Inst Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Wubshet, Mamo
    Xavier, Denis
    St Johns Med Coll & Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India..
    Xu, Gelin
    Nanjing Univ, Jinling Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China..
    Yadav, Ajit Kumar
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Yaghoubi, Mohsen
    Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada..
    Yakob, Bereket
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Discipline Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa..
    Yan, Lijing L.
    Duke Kunshan Univ, Global Hlth Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China..
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA..
    Yaseri, Mehdi
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Yimam, Hassen Hamid
    Tepi Univ, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia..
    Yip, Paul
    Univ Hong Kong, Social Work & Social Adm Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Jockey Club Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Kyoto Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Kyoto, Japan..
    Yoon, Seok-Jun
    Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Younis, Mustafa Z.
    Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA..
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Univ Hosp, Setif, Algeria..
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt..
    Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos
    EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA.;Inst Ecol Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia..
    Zapata, Tomas
    World Hlth Org, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Zodpey, Sanjay
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth Delhi, Gurgaon, India..
    Zoeckler, Leo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna
    Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, 2301 5th Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 20152017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10091, p. 231-266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r= 0.88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r= 0.83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r= 0.77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Findings Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28.6 to 94.6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40.7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39.0-42.8) in 1990 to 53.7 (52.2-55.4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21.2 in 1990 to 20.1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73.8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. Interpretation This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-systemcharacteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world.

  • 7.
    Behtoui, Alireza
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Reinvent. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Ferlander, Sara
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Reinvent.
    Forkby, Torbjörn
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Hertzberg, Fredrik
    Stockholms universitet.
    Neergaard, Anders
    Linköpings universitet.
    Barn som deltar i organiserad idrott lyckas bättre i skolan2020In: Dagens nyheter, ISSN 1101-2447, no 31 maj, p. 7-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 8.
    Billingsley, Sunnee
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Stockholm University.
    Duntava, Aija
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Uppsala University.
    Putting the pieces together: 40 years of fertility trends across 19 post-socialist countries2017In: Post-Soviet Affairs, ISSN 1060-586X, E-ISSN 1938-2855, Vol. 33, no 5, p. 389-410Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Demographic change has been a key consequence of transition, but few studies trace fertility trends across countries over time. We describe fertility trends immediately before and after the fall of state socialism across 19 Central and Eastern European and Central Asian countries. We found a few common patterns that may reflect economic and political developments. The countries that experienced the most successful transitions and integration into the EU experienced marked postponement of parenthood and a moderate decline in second and third births. Little economic change in the poorest transition countries was accompanied by less dramatic changes in childbearing behavior. In western post-Soviet contexts, and somewhat in Bulgaria and Romania, women became more likely to only have one child but parenthood was not substantially postponed. This unique demographic pattern seems to reflect an unwavering commitment to parenthood but economic conditions and opportunities that did not support having more than one child. In addition, we identify countries that would provide fruitful case studies because they do not fit general patterns.

  • 9.
    Billingsley, Sunnee
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Stockholm University.
    Matysiak, Anna
    Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland.
    Social mobility and family expansion in Poland and Russia during socialism and capitalism2018In: Advances in Life Course Research, E-ISSN 1040-2608, Vol. 36, p. 80-91Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We explore whether social mobility influences fertility behavior, using multiple comparative layers to better observe structural and individual-level mechanisms at work. We locate this study in Poland and Russia during periods of socialism and capitalism. Applying event-history analysis techniques to longitudinal micro-data, we find evidence of a relationship between mobility and second birth risks for women only. Status enhancement aims seem the most plausible link between mobility and childbearing. The relationship appears moderated by the economic context, which we interpret as being related to differential selection into upward and downward mobility based on labor market opportunities. In general, the suppressing effect of upward mobility on second birth risks was stronger in the poorer economic context of Russia, whereas the increased second birth risks related to downward mobility were heightened in Poland’s more prosperous context.

  • 10.
    Billingsley, Sunnee
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition). Stockholm University.
    Puur, A.
    Tallinn University, Estonia .
    Sakkeus, L.
    Tallinn University, Estonia .
    Jobs, careers, and becoming a parent under state socialist and market conditions: Evidence from Estonia 1971-20062014In: Demographic Research, ISSN 1435-9871, Vol. 30, no 1, p. 1733-1768Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Entering employment and achieving a stable position in the labour market are considered important preconditions for childbearing. Existing studies addressing the relationship between work experience and the timing of parenthood focus exclusively on Western Europe and North America. By adding an Eastern European context before and after societal transformation, this study contributes to a more comprehensive account of the role of work experience in first-birth timing in Europe. Objective: We investigate how work experience and career development are related to the timing of parenthood in two diverse contexts in Estonia, state socialism and the market economy, and how it varies by gender and nativity. Method: The data used come from the Estonian Health Interview Survey 2006-2007. We estimate piecewise constant event history models to analyse the transition to first birth. Results: Our results suggest that in the market economy work experience became more important in the decision to enter parenthood. In the market economy the importance of work experience to entering parenthood became more similar for women and men. Non-native-origin men and women's timing of parenthood appears to have become detached from their career developments. The article discusses mechanisms that may underlie the observed patterns. Conclusions: Our study shows how work experience gained importance as a precondition for parenthood in the transition to a market economy. This lends support to the view that the increasing importance of work experience is among plausible drivers of the postponement transition that extended to Eastern Europe in the 1990s. © 2014 Sunnee Billingsley, Allan Puur & Luule Sakkeus.

  • 11.
    Bjursell, Cecilia
    et al.
    Jönköping University.
    Nystedt, Paul
    Jönköping University.
    Björklund, Anita
    Jönköping University.
    Sternäng, Ola
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Psychology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Jönköping University.
    Education level explains participation in work and education later in life2017In: Educational gerontology, ISSN 0360-1277, E-ISSN 1521-0472, Vol. 43, no 10, p. 511-521Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A prolonged working life is crucial for sustaining social welfare and fiscal stability for countries facing ageing populations. The group of older adults is not homogeneous; however, differences within the group may affect the propensity to continue working and to participate in continuing education. The aim of this paper is to explore how participation in work and education vary with gender, age, and education level in a sample of older adults. The study was performed in Sweden, a context characterized by high female labour-market-participation rates and a high average retirement age. The participants were 232 members of four of the major senior citizens’ organizations. We found no differences in participation in work and education based on gender. People older than 75 years were found to be as active as people 65–75 years old in education, but the older group worked less. There were positive associations between education level and participation in both work and education. Hence, this study implies that socio-economic inequalities along these dimensions are widened later in life. This highlights the importance of engaging workers with lower education levels in educational efforts throughout life. It also emphasizes the need for true lifelong learning in society.

  • 12.
    Carlson, Per
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Trust and health in Eastern Europe: Conceptions of a new society2016In: International Journal of Social Welfare, ISSN 1369-6866, E-ISSN 1468-2397, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 69-77Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Choi, M. J.
    et al.
    Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Yang, J. W.
    Yonsei Univ, Dept Internal Med, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea..
    Lee, S.
    Dept Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea.;Inst Behav Sci Med, Seoul, South Korea.;Yonsei Univ, Yongin Severance Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Yongin, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Psychiat, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea..
    Kim, J. Y.
    Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Oh, J. W.
    Yonsei Univ, Yongin Severance Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Yongin, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Psychiat, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea..
    Lee, J.
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp, Urol Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Stubbs, B.
    Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England.;South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Denmark Hill, London, England.;Anglia Ruskin Univ, Fac Hlth Social Care & Educ, Chelmsford, Essex, England..
    Lee, K. H.
    Yonsei Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Koyanagi, A.
    Univ Barcelona, Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu CIBERSAM, Fundacio St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.;ICREA, Barcelona, Spain..
    Hong, S. H.
    Yonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Ghayda, R. A.
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp, Urol Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Hwang, J.
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Dragioti, E.
    Linkoping Univ, Pain & Rehabil Ctr, Linkoping, Sweden.;Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden..
    Jacob, L.
    Univ Barcelona, Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu CIBERSAM, Fundacio St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.;Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, Fac Med, Versailles, France..
    Carvalho, A. F.
    Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Radua, J.
    Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.;Mental Hlth Res Networking Ctr CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.;Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Psychosis Studies, London, England.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Ctr Psychiat Res, Solna, Sweden..
    Thompson, T.
    Univ Greenwich, Sch Human Sci, London, England..
    Smith, L.
    Anglia Ruskin Univ, Cambridge Ctr Sport & Exercise Sci, Cambridge, England..
    Fornaro, M.
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Neurosci Reprod Sci & Dent, Naples, Italy..
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Prevent Intervent Psychiat Disorders, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan..
    Bettac, E. L.
    Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, WA USA..
    Han, Y. J.
    Inje Univ, Haeundae Paik Hosp, Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat,Coll Med, Busan, South Korea..
    Kronbichler, A.
    Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Internal Med Nephrol & Hypertens 4, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Yon, D. K.
    Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Seoul, South Korea..
    Lee, S. W.
    Sejong Univ, Dept Data Sci, Coll Software Convergence, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shin, J. , I
    Lee, E.
    Dept Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea.;Inst Behav Sci Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Solmi, M.
    Univ Ottawa, Dept Psychiat, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Ottawa Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Hosp Res Inst OHRI, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Suicide associated with COVID-19 infection: an immunological point of view2021In: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, ISSN 1128-3602, Vol. 25, no 20, p. 6397-6407Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and leading cause of death. Beyond the deaths directly caused by the virus and the suicides related to the psychological response to the dramatic changes as socioeconomic related to the pandemic, there might also be suicides related to the inflammatory responses of the infection. Infection induces inflammation as a cytokine storm, and there is an increasing number of studies that report a relationship between infection and suicide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the World Health Organization status report and the PubMed database for keywords (COVID-19, suicide, infection, inflammation, cytokines), and reviewed five cytokine pathways between suicide and inflammation using two meta-analyses and two observational studies starting from November 31, 2020, focusing on the relationship between suicide and inflammation by infection. First, we discussed existing evidence explaining the relationship between suicidal behaviors and inflammation. Second, we summarized the inflammatory features found in COVID-19 patients. Finally, we highlight the potential for these factors to affect the risk of suicide in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Patients infected with COVID-19 have high amounts of IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma, IP10, and MCP1, which may lead to Th1 cell response activation. Also, Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10) were increased in COVID-19 infection. In COVID-19 patients, neurological conditions, like headache, dizziness, ataxia, seizures, and others have been observed. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic can serve as a significant environmental factor contributing directly to increased suicide risk; the role of inflammation by an infection should not be overlooked.

  • 14.
    DeVylder, Jordan E
    et al.
    University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
    Koyanagi, Ai
    Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain / CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
    Unick, Jay
    University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
    Oh, Hans
    University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA / Prevention Research Center, Oakland, USA.
    Nam, Boyoung
    University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Stress Sensitivity and Psychotic Experiences in 39 Low- and Middle-Income Countries2016In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, ISSN 0586-7614, E-ISSN 1745-1701, Vol. 42, no 6, p. 1353-1362Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stress has a central role in most theories of psychosis etiology, but the relation between stress and psychosis has rarely been examined in large population-level data sets, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We used data from 39 countries in the World Health Survey (n = 176 934) to test the hypothesis that stress sensitivity would be associated with psychotic experiences, using logistic regression analyses. Respondents in low-income countries reported higher stress sensitivity (P < .001) and prevalence of psychotic experiences (P < .001), compared to individuals in middle-income countries. Greater stress sensitivity was associated with increased odds for psychotic experiences, even when adjusted for co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms: adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.17 (1.15-1.19) per unit increase in stress sensitivity (range 2-10). This association was consistent and significant across nearly every country studied, and translated into a difference in psychotic experience prevalence ranging from 6.4% among those with the lowest levels of stress sensitivity up to 22.2% among those with the highest levels. These findings highlight the generalizability of the association between psychosis and stress sensitivity in the largest and most globally representative community-level sample to date, and support the targeting of stress sensitivity as a potential component of individual- and population-level interventions for psychosis.

  • 15.
    Di Girolamo, Chiara
    et al.
    University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy / Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Nusselder, Wilma J
    Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Bopp, Matthias
    University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik
    University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Costa, Giuseppe
    University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
    Kovács, Katalin
    Demographic Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallin, Estonia.
    Martikainen, Pekka
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Pacelli, Barbara
    Regional Health and Social Care Agency of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy.
    Rubio Valverde, José
    Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Mackenbach, Johan P
    Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Progress in reducing inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality in Europe2020In: Heart, ISSN 1355-6037, E-ISSN 1468-201X, Vol. 106, p. 40-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To assess whether recent declines in cardiovascular mortality have benefited all socioeconomic groups equally and whether these declines have narrowed or widened inequalities in cardiovascular mortality in Europe.

    METHODS: In this prospective registry-based study, we determined changes in cardiovascular mortality between the 1990s and the early 2010s in 12 European populations by gender, educational level and occupational class. In order to quantify changes in the magnitude of differences in mortality, we calculated both ratio measures of relative inequalities and difference measures of absolute inequalities.

    RESULTS: Cardiovascular mortality has declined rapidly among lower and higher socioeconomic groups. Relative declines (%) were faster among higher socioeconomic groups; absolute declines (deaths per 100 000 person-years) were almost uniformly larger among lower socioeconomic groups. Therefore, although relative inequalities increased over time, absolute inequalities often declined substantially on all measures used. Similar trends were seen for ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality separately. Best performer was England and Wales, which combined large declines in cardiovascular mortality with large reductions in absolute inequalities and stability in relative inequalities in both genders. In the early 2010s, inequalities in cardiovascular mortality were smallest in Southern Europe, of intermediate magnitude in Northern and Western Europe and largest in Central-Eastern European and Baltic countries.

    CONCLUSIONS: Lower socioeconomic groups have experienced remarkable declines in cardiovascular mortality rates over the last 25 years, and trends in inequalities can be qualified as favourable overall. Nevertheless, further reducing inequalities remains an important challenge for European health systems and policies.

  • 16.
    Ebishima, Ken
    et al.
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Takahashi, Hidetoshi
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan / National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Nakahachi, Takayuki
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Sumiyoshi, Tomiki
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Kamio, Yoko
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Relationship of the Acoustic Startle Response and Its Modulation to Adaptive and Maladaptive Behaviors in Typically Developing Children and Those With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study2019In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, E-ISSN 1662-5161, Vol. 13, article id 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive functioning across multiple domains of daily life. Thus, investigation of the biological background of both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors may shed light on developing effective interventions for improving social adaptation in ASD. In this study, we examined the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive behaviors and the acoustic startle response (ASR) and its modulation, which are promising neurophysiological markers for ASD translational research. Method: We investigated the ASR and its modulation in 11 children with ASD and 18 with typical development (TD), analyzing the relationship between startle measures and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors assessed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) Second Edition. Results: Peak-ASR latency was negatively correlated with the VABS total score and socialization domain score of adaptive behaviors, while the ASR magnitude for relatively weak stimuli of 75-85 dB was positively correlated with VABS maladaptive behavior scores. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) at the prepulse intensity of 70-75 dB was also correlated with VABS maladaptive behavior. However, these relationships did not remain significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the prolonged peak-ASR latency of ASD children might be associated with impairment in the developmental level of adaptive behavior, and that the greater ASR magnitude to relatively weak acoustic stimuli and smaller PPI of ASD children might increase the risk of maladaptive behavior. Future studies that have larger sample sizes will be important for further elucidating the neurophysiological factors that underpin adaptive as well as maladaptive behaviors in ASD.

  • 17.
    Elmelid, Andrea
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Centre for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan / University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Lindblad, Frank
    Uppsala University.
    Schwab-Stone, Mary
    Yale University Medical School, New Haven, USA.
    Henrich, Christopher C
    Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav
    Uppsala University / Yale University Medical School, New Haven, USA.
    Depressive symptoms, anxiety and academic motivation in youth: Do schools and families make a difference?2015In: Journal of Adolescence, ISSN 0140-1971, E-ISSN 1095-9254, Vol. 45, p. 174-182Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This longitudinal study aimed to examine the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and academic motivation by gender, and whether positive school and family factors would be associated with academic motivation, in spite of the presence of such symptoms. Study participants were predominantly economically disadvantaged youths aged 13-15 years in a Northeastern US urban public school system. The Social and Health Assessment (SAHA) served as the basis for a survey undertaken in 2003 and 2004 with information being used from students who participated at both time points (N = 643). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms were negatively associated with academic motivation, while anxiety was positively related to academic motivation in both genders. Teacher support, school attachment and parental control were positively related to academic motivation even in the presence of internalizing problems. The negative association of depressive symptoms with academic motivation may be potentially decreased by attachment to school.

  • 18.
    Fagerström, Cecilia
    et al.
    Blekinge Center of Competence / Linnaeus University.
    Sandin Wranker, Lena
    Lund University.
    Kabir, Zarina Nahar
    Karolinska Institute.
    Sternäng, Ola
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Psychology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Jönköping University.
    Everyday Health among Older People: A Comparison between Two Countries with Variant Life Conditions2017In: Journal of Aging Research, ISSN 2090-2204, E-ISSN 2090-2212, p. -8, article id 2720942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study described health factors of importance for everyday health, such as pain, tiredness, and sleeping problems, in a cross-national context. Data for persons 60+ years were obtained from the Poverty and Health in Aging study, Bangladesh, and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Blekinge. The strongest associations with everyday health in Sweden were found for pain and tiredness, while in Bangladesh they were financial status, tiredness, and sleeping problems. As similarities were found regarding the associations of tiredness on everyday health, tiredness may be a universal predictor of everyday health in older adults irrespective of country context.

  • 19.
    Ferlander, Sara
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Behtoui, Alireza
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology.
    Fritidsaktiviteter och ungdomars välbefinnande2020In: Ungdomars fritidsaktiviteter: deltagande, möjligheter och konsekvenser / [ed] Alireza Behtoui, Fredrik Hertzberg & Anders Neergaard, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2020, p. 185-204Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Ferlander, Sara
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Shukhatovich, Violetta
    Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
    Cоциальный капитал и депрессия в Беларуси [Social Capital and Depression in Belarus]: постановка проблемы [Setting the agenda]2017In: ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ [Health of the population: Problems and solutions]: Материалы международного научно-практического семинара, 18-19 мая 2017: СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ СТАТЕЙ, Minsk: Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , 2017, p. 193-206Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Ferlander, Sara
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK / University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Kislitsyna, Olga
    Russian Academy of Sciences.
    Jukkala, Tanya
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Carlson, Per
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Mäkinen, Ilkka Henrik
    Uppsala University.
    Social capital - a mixed blessing for women? A cross-sectional study of different forms of social relations and self-rated depression in Moscow2016In: BMC Psychology, E-ISSN 2050-7283, Vol. 4, no 1, article id 37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Depression is a major health problem worldwide, especially among women. The condition has been related to a number of factors, such as alcohol consumption, economic situation and, more recently, to social capital. However, there have been relatively few studies about the social capital-depression relationship in Eastern Europe. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the association between different forms of social capital and self-rated depression in Moscow. Differences between men and women will also be examined, with a special focus on women.

    METHODS: Data was obtained from the Moscow Health Survey, which was conducted in 2004 with 1190 Muscovites aged 18 years or above. For depression, a single-item self-reported measure was used. Social capital was operationalised through five questions about different forms of social relations. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to estimate the association between social capital and self-rated depression, separately for men and women.

    RESULTS: More women (48 %) than men (36 %) reported that they had felt depressed during the last year. An association was found between social capital and reported depression only among women. Women who were divorced or widowed or who had little contact with relatives had higher odds of reporting depression than those with more family contact. Women who regularly engaged with people from different age groups outside of their families were also more likely to report depression than those with less regular contact.

    CONCLUSIONS: Social capital can be a mixed blessing for women. Different forms of social relations can lead to different health outcomes, both positive and negative. Although the family is important for women's mental health in Moscow, extra-familial relations across age groups can be mentally distressing. This suggests that even though social capital can be a valuable resource for mental health, some of its forms can be mentally deleterious to maintain, especially for women. More research is needed on both sides to social capital. A special focus should be placed on bridging social relations among women in order to better understand the complex association between social capital and depression in Russia and elsewhere.

  • 22.
    Footman, Katharine
    et al.
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
    Roberts, Bayard
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition). London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK / University of Tokyo, Japan.
    Kizilova, Kseniya
    East-Ukrainian Foundation for Social Research, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
    Rotman, David
    Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus .
    McKee, Martin
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
    Smoking cessation and desire to stop smoking in nine countries of the former soviet union2013In: Nicotine & tobacco research, ISSN 1462-2203, E-ISSN 1469-994X, Vol. 15, no 9, p. 1628-1633Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Smoking rates and corresponding levels of premature mortality from smoking-related diseases in the former Soviet Union (fSU) are among the highest in the world. To reduce this health burden, greater focus on smoking cessation is needed, but little is currently known about rates and characteristics of cessation in the fSU. Methods: Nationally representative household survey data from a cross-sectional study of 18,000 respondents in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine were analyzed to describe patterns of desire and action taken to stop smoking, quit ratios (former ever-smokers as a percent of ever-smokers, without a specified recall period), and help used to stop smoking. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze characteristics associated with smoking cessation and desire to stop smoking. Results: Quit ratios varied from 10.5% in Azerbaijan to 37.6% in Belarus. About 67.2% of respondents expressed a desire to quit, and 64.9% had taken action and tried to stop. The use of help to quit was extremely low (12.6%). Characteristics associated with cessation included being female, over 60, with higher education, poorer health, lower alcohol dependency, higher knowledge of tobacco's health effects, and support for tobacco control. Characteristics associated with desire to stop smoking among current smokers included younger age, poorer health, greater knowledge of tobacco's health effects, and support for tobacco control. Conclusions: Quit ratios are low in the fSU but there is widespread desire to stop smoking. Stronger tobacco control and cessation support are urgently required to reduce smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality.

  • 23.
    Gadeyne, S
    et al.
    Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium / Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Menvielle, G
    Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
    Kulhanova, I
    rasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Bopp, M
    University of Zürich, Switzerland.
    Deboosere, P
    Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
    Eikemo, T A
    Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands / Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Hoffmann, R
    Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Kovács, K
    Demographic Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Martikainen, P
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Regidor, E
    Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
    Rychtarikova, J
    Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Spadea, T
    Local Health Authority TO3 of Piedmont Region, Italy.
    Strand, B H
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
    Trewin, C
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
    Wojtyniak, B
    National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
    Mackenbach, J P
    Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    The turn of the gradient? Educational differences in breast cancer mortality in 18 European populations during the 2000s2017In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 141, no 1, p. 33-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to investigate the association between educational level and breast cancer mortality in Europe in the 2000s. Unlike most other causes of death, breast cancer mortality tends to be positively related to education, with higher educated women showing higher mortality rates. Research has however shown that the association is changing from being positive over non-existent to negative in some countries. To investigate these patterns, data from national mortality registers and censuses were collected and harmonized for 18 European populations. The study population included all women aged 30-74. Age-standardized mortality rates, mortality rate ratios, and slope and relative indexes of inequality were computed by education. The population was stratified according to age (women aged 30-49 and women aged 50-74). The relation between educational level and breast cancer mortality was predominantly negative in women aged 30-49, mortality rates being lower among highly educated women and higher among low educated women, although few outcomes were statistically significant. Among women aged 50-74, the association was mostly positive and statistically significant in some populations. A comparison with earlier research in the 1990s revealed a changing pattern of breast cancer mortality. Positive educational differences that used to be significant in the 1990s were no longer significant in the 2000s, indicating that inequalities have decreased or disappeared. This evolution is in line with the "fundamental causes" theory which stipulates that whenever medical insights and treatment become available to combat a disease, a negative association with socio-economic position will arise, independently of the underlying risk factors.

  • 24.
    Gentile, Michael
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition). Umeå universitet.
    Meeting the 'organs': The tacit dilemma of field research in authoritarian states2013In: Area (London 1969), ISSN 0004-0894, E-ISSN 1475-4762, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 426-432Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To the regret of many scholars, science and politics often overlap, and nowhere as clearly as inside countries ruled by authoritarian governments, where research tends to attract the surveillance of repressive authorities and, more specifically, of the secret services (known as the 'organ' within post-communist space). While such surveillance places significant ethical and methodological challenges on field research, it is rarely discussed in the literature. This paper discusses what may happen when the organ takes interest in fieldwork. Based on the author's experiences in a range of post-communist countries, the aim is to present and discuss the related risks, and to show how these may materialise in relation to the organ's (c)overt activities.

  • 25.
    Gentile, Michael
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). University of Helsinki, Finland.
    The "soviet" factor: Exploring perceived housing inequalities in a midsized city in the Donbas, Ukraine2015In: Urban geography, ISSN 0272-3638, E-ISSN 1938-2847, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 696-720Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, I revisit the role of Soviet legacy factors in explaining todays housing inequalities in a midsized post-Soviet city by investigating social, demographic, economic and geographic determinants of perceived housing quality. Building on a sample survey dataset (n = 3,000) that brings together both Soviet legacy effects and more universal influences on housing inequality, it is shown that various aspects of Soviet housing policy can be traced as well-preserved legacies today. The survey was conducted in 2009 in Stakhanov, Ukraine, and the method of analysis is binomial logistic regression. By capturing both the social costs attributed to the post-Soviet transition crisis as well as the underlying legacy factors inherited from the Soviet epoch, the findings suggest that any analysis of housing inequalities or residential segregation in the post-socialist city must come to terms with the impacts of socialist-era economic priorities on the urban social landscape.

  • 26.
    Gentile, Michael
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    West oriented in the East-oriented Donbas: a political stratigraphy of geopolitical identity in Luhansk, Ukraine2015In: Post-Soviet Affairs, ISSN 1060-586X, E-ISSN 1938-2855, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 201-223Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Building on data from a survey (n = 4000) conducted in the eastern Ukrainian city of Luhansk in late 2013, this article explores the link between national identity and foreign policy preferences in the Donbas, suggesting that they are increasingly conflated in distinct geopolitical identities. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression are used to compare the characteristics of pro-West and uncertain individuals with those of the pro-Russian/Soviet individuals, with preferences on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and European Union (EU) accession underlying this distinction. The results show that geopolitical identities in Luhansk have a complex political stratigraphy that includes demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and attitudinal components. The pro-West constituency is younger, not Russian but often including members of other ethnic groups, well educated, more tolerant toward sexual minorities, generally more satisfied with life, and it also speaks better English. Conversely, those with pro-Russia/Soviet geopolitical identities are older, Russian, low educated, less fluent in English, intolerant, and unsatisfied with their lives. Uncertainty is more randomly distributed among social groups, indicating different underlying causes related to the source of the respondents’ uncertainty.

  • 27.
    Gentile, Michael
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition). University of Helsinki, Finland / Umeå Univsersity.
    Marcińczak, Szymon
    Umeå University / University of Łódź, Poland .
    Housing inequalities in Bucharest: shallow changes in hesitant transition2014In: GeoJournal, ISSN 0343-2521, E-ISSN 1572-9893, Vol. 79, no 4, p. 449-465Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Much has been said, yet little remains known, about the impacts of the changes associated with post-socialist transition on housing inequalities in metropolitan Central and Eastern Europe. To some extent, this depends on the scarcity of 'hard evidence' about the socialist epoch against which the subsequent developments may be gauged. Based on a case study of Bucharest, the Romanian capital and one of the region's major cities, this study investigates various lines of housing inequality using data from a 20 % sample of the national censuses of 1992 and 2002. With only minor changes having taken place since the revolutionary events of late 1989, the year 1992 provides an accurate picture of the housing inequalities inherited from the socialist epoch, whereas the new societal order had largely been established by 2002. We use linear regression and binary logistic regression modeling to identify the factors that predict living space and level of facilities. The results suggest that the first decade of transition did not exert any major influences on the housing inequalities inherited from socialism, with the exception of notable improvements at the very top of the social pyramid. This finding is at odds with the literature that highlights the (suggested) effects of socio-economic polarization on the residential structure of cities after socialism. However, the results from 1992 indicate that housing was segmented along socio-economic lines already under socialism, and perhaps more so than one would have expected in the light of the literature on housing inequalities during this period.

  • 28.
    Gentile, Michael
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). Umeå University.
    Sjöberg, Örjan
    Housing allocation under socialism: the Soviet case revisited2013In: Post-Soviet Affairs, ISSN 1060-586X, E-ISSN 1938-2855, Vol. 29, no 2, p. 173-195Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social or public housing is an important component of the housing supply= n most European countries. Nowhere, however, has the notion of social hou= ng been taken as far as in the countries that formerly were ruled by soci= ist regimes, most notably the Soviet Union. For this reason, it may be ar= ed that the development of theorizations on housing has much to learn fro= this large but inconclusively studied example. One of the avowed virtues = socialism was that the system, in theory, guaranteed its subjects equal = ghts to housing. That this was not quite the case is well known in the li= rature, but in fact no robust evidence to support this view (or the contr= y) has been presented so far. Therefore, this paper's aim is to investiga= the functioning of the Soviet system of housing allocation, assessing it= claims to social equity and justice. Based on a detailed case study of ab= t 3500 Soviet-era housing allocation decisions made in Daugavpils, Latvia= at five poin! s in time covering various stages in the development of Soviet power (ful= coverage of decisions made in 1953, 1960, 1970, 1980, and January-April 1= 0), we illustrate how much living space was allocated to whom. In additio= we detail the characteristics of the waiting times involved. We apply bo= descriptive and regression methods on our data-set, making a significant= ontribution to what is known about the outcome of housing allocation unde= socialism and, at a more general level, under strictly supply-constrained= onditions.

  • 29.
    Gerdner, Arne
    et al.
    Jönköping University.
    Carlson, Per
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Health and living conditions of Samis compared with other citizens based on representative surveys in three Swedish regions2020In: International Journal of Social Welfare, ISSN 1369-6866, E-ISSN 1468-2397, Vol. 29, no 3, p. 255-269Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This is the first general health survey of Samis compared with other Swedes to be based on randomised samples. In three regions, Samis were compared with respondents to the Public Health Investigation (n = 613 Samis and 6,309 respondents). Samis were also compared as to gender and membership in reindeer‐herding Sami villages (SVs). The survey shows that Samis of today have better education, work situation and health, and a healthier lifestyle than other Swedish citizens living in the same regions. There are, however, great differences among the Samis themselves. Members of SVs have weaker finances, and they report having less societal trust and worse health than non‐members do. Male members have lower education, are less involved in social activities and report worse overall health, but do not have a higher incidence of psychiatric problems, than other Samis. Samis, in general, have similar or better health and social situation than non‐Samis, but male SV‐members face greater problems and higher risks than other Samis.

  • 30.
    Griswold, Max G.
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Fullman, Nancy
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Hawley, Caitlin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Arian, Nicholas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Tymeson, Hayley D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Venkateswaran, Vidhya
    Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA..
    Tapp, Austin Douglas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Seattle Genet, Seattle, WA USA..
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
    Jimma Univ, Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Abate, Degu
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Abay, Solomon M.
    Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Pharm, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Law Philosophy & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy..
    Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi
    Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Abebe, Zegeye
    Univ Gondar, Human Nutr, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Aboyans, Victor
    Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France.;Univ Limoges, Inst Epidemiol, Limoges, France..
    Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Acharya, Pawan
    Nepal Dev Soc, Chitwan, Nepal..
    Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Adhikari, Tara Ballav
    Ctr Social Sci & Publ Hlth Res Nepal, Nepal Hlth Res Environm, Kathmandu, Nepal.;Univ Southern Denmark, Unit Hlth Promot Res, Odense, Denmark..
    Adsuar, Jose C.
    Univ Extremadura, Fac Sport Sci, Badajoz, Spain..
    Afarideh, Mohsen
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Agardh, Emilie Elisabet
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Agarwal, Gina
    McMaster Univ, Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi
    Yerevan State Univ, Chair Zool, Yerevan, Armenia.;Sci Ctr Zool & Hydroecol, Res Grp Mol Parasitol, Yerevan, Armenia..
    Agrawal, Sutapa
    PHFI, Gurugram, India.;Vital Strategies, Gurugram, India..
    Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
    Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Akibu, Mohammed
    Dept Midwifery, Lexington, KY USA..
    Akinyemiju, Tomi
    Univ Kentucky, Dept Epidemiol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA..
    Akseer, Nadia
    Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Al Asfoor, Deena H.
    Minist Hlth, Off Undersecretary Hlth Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ, Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO USA.;Dept Vet Affairs, VA St Louis Hlth Care Syst, Clin Epidemiol Ctr, St Louis, MO USA..
    Alahdab, Fares
    Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res, Evidence Based Pract Ctr, Rochester, MN USA.;Syrian Amer Med Soc, Res Comm Educ Comm & Avicenna Journal Med Editor, Washington, DC USA..
    Alam, Khurshid
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Albujeer, Ammar
    Naba Al Hayat Fdn Med Sci & Hlth Care, Najaf, Iraq..
    Alene, Kefyalew Addis
    Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Ali, Raghib
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England.;New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Ali, Syed Danish
    Univ London, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Alijanzadeh, Mehran
    Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Qazvin, Iran..
    Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
    Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Kuwait, Kuwait.;Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia..
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Swedish Res Council Hlth Working Life & Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
    Univ Cartagena, Res Grp Hlth Econ, Cartagena, Colombia.;Univ Coast, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Pol, Barranquilla, Colombia..
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Univ South Australia, Sansom Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Aminde, Leopold N.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Ammar, Walid
    Fed Minist Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon.;Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Amoako, Yaw Ampem
    Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Kumasi, Ghana..
    Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera
    Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Pol, Singapore, Singapore..
    Andrei, Catalina Liliana
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania..
    Angus, Colin
    Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England..
    Ansha, Mustafa Geleto
    Dept Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY USA. Debre Berhan Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines..
    Aremu, Olatunde
    Birmingham City Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Arnlov, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden..
    Artaman, Al
    Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada..
    Aryal, Krishna K.
    ABT Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project, DFID Nepal Hlth Sect Programme 3, Lalitpur, Nepal..
    Assadi, Reza
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Mashhad, Iran..
    Ausloos, Marcel
    Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Avila-Burgos, Leticia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.
    Benin Clin Res Inst IRCB, Project Deworm3, Calavi, Benin.;Lab Studies & Res Act Hlth LERAS, Control Infect Dis Project, Porto Novo, Benin..
    Awasthi, Ashish
    PHFI, Gurugram, India.;Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gandhinagar, India..
    Ayele, Henok Tadesse
    McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Occupational Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Dilla Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dilla, Ethiopia..
    Ayer, Rakesh
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Community & Global Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Ayuk, Tambe B.
    Inst Med Res & Plant Med Studies, Ctr Food & Nutr Res, Yaounde, Cameroon.;Univ South Africa, Dept Hlth Studies, Pretoria, South Africa..
    Azzopardi, Peter S.
    South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga Aboriginal Res Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Burnet Inst, Discipline Int Dev, Maternal & Child Hlth Program, Global Adolescent Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Badali, Hamid
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol, Invas Fungi Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Badawi, Alaa
    Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Fac Med, Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Banach, Maciej
    Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland.;PMMHRI, Lodz, Poland..
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
    Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Barrero, Lope H.
    Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia..
    Basaleem, Huda
    Univ Aden, Aden, Yemen..
    Baye, Estifanos
    Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia..
    Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
    Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Dept Psychiat, 1621 E 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA.;Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA..
    Bedi, Neeraj
    Gandhi Med Coll Bhopal, Dept Community Med, Bhopal, India.;Jazan Univ, Jizan, Saudi Arabia..
    Bejot, Yannick
    Univ Hosp Dijon, Dept Neurol, Dijon, France.;Univ Burgundy, Fac Hlth Sci, Dijon Stroke Registry, Dijon, France..
    Belachew, Abate Bekele
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Belay, Saba Abraham
    Dr Tewelde Legesse Hlth Sci Coll, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England..
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Kings Coll London, Dent Inst, London, England..
    Bernstein, Robert S.
    Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.;Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL USA..
    Beyene, Addisu Shunu
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia.;Univ Newcastle, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    Beyranvand, Tina
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep
    George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India..
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Biadgo, Belete
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Chem, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Bijani, Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran..
    Bililign, Nigus
    Woldia Univ, Woldia, Ethiopia..
    Birlik, Sait Mentes
    Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy.;GBS CIDP Fdn Int, Conshohocken, PA USA..
    Birungi, Charles
    UCL, UCL Ctr Global Hlth Econ, London, England.;United Nations Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Fast Track Implementat Dept, Gaborone, Botswana..
    Bizuneh, Hailemichael
    St Pauls Hosp, Publ Hlth, Millennium Med Coll, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Bjerregaard, Peter
    Univ Southern Denmark, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark..
    Bjorge, Tone
    Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway.;Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway..
    Borges, Guilherme
    Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Bosetti, Cristina
    IRCCS, Dept Oncol, Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Boufous, Soufiane
    Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
    Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Butt, Zahid A.
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth, Rawalpindi, Pakistan..
    Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Calabria, Bianca
    Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Univ Valley Cuernavaca, Sch Med, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Carreras, Giulia
    Inst Canc Res Prevent & Clin Network ISPRO, Florence, Italy..
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Carvalho, Felix
    Univ Porto, Appl Mol Biosci Unit, Porto, Portugal..
    Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia.;Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia..
    Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline
    Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, San Jose, Costa Rica.;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Dent, San Pedro, Costa Rica..
    Catala-Lopez, Ferran
    Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Planning & Econ, Madrid, Spain..
    Chang, Jung-Chen
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Charlson, Fiona J.
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Chattopadhyay, Aparajita
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Chaturvedi, Pankaj
    Tata Mem Hosp, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Chowdhury, Rajiv
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England..
    Christopher, Devasahayam J.
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Pulm Med, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Chung, Sheng-Chia
    UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England.;Hlth Data Res UK, London, England..
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Claro, Rafael M.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Nutr, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Conti, Sara
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Cousin, Ewerton
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Criqui, Michael H.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Dachew, Berihun Assefa
    Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Dargan, Paul, I
    Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Clin Toxicol Serv, London, England..
    Daryani, Ahmad
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Das Neves, Jose
    Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Engn INEB, Porto, Portugal.;Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth I3s, Porto, Portugal..
    Davletov, Kairat
    Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    De Castro, Filipa
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    De Courten, Barbora
    Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Hlth Res & Implementat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    De Neve, Jan-Walter
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Degenhardt, Louisa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Aksum Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Des Jarlais, Don C.
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA..
    Dey, Subhojit
    Disha Fdn, Gurgaon, India..
    Dhaliwal, Rupinder Singh
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka..
    Dhimal, Meghnath
    Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Doku, David Teye
    Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana.;Univ Tampere, Sch Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland..
    Doyle, Kerrie E.
    RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth & Biomed Sci, Royal Melbourne Inst Technol, Bundoora, Vic, Australia..
    Dubey, Manisha
    United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India..
    Dubljanin, Eleonora
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Ebrahimi, Hedyeh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Edessa, Dumessa
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Mansoura Univ, Dept Clin Pathol, Mansoura, Egypt..
    Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich
    Russian Acad Sci, Lab Socioecon Issues Human Dev & Qual Life, Moscow, Russia.;Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Dept Med Stat & Documentary, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia..
    Erskine, Holly E.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, Iran..
    Farioli, Andrea
    Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy..
    Faro, Andre
    Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil..
    Farvid, Maryam S.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA USA..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Felisbino-Mendes, Mariana Santos
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Fernandes, Eduarda
    Univ Porto, Dept Chem, Porto, Portugal..
    Ferrari, Alize J.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Ferri, Cleusa P.
    Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Fijabi, Daniel Obadare
    Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch Social Policy & Management, Waltham, MA USA.;Univ Memphis, Sch Publ Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA..
    Filip, Irina
    Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA USA.;AT Still Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ USA..
    Finger, Jonas David
    Robert Koch Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Monitoring, Berlin, Germany..
    Fischer, Florian
    Bielefeld Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Flaxman, Abraham D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Franklin, Richard Charles
    James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia..
    Futran, Neal D.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Gallus, Silvano
    IRCCS, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Ganji, Morsaleh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho
    Lab Studies & Res Act Hlth LERAS, Noncommun Dis Dept, Porto Novo, Benin.;Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Univ, Neurosurg Dept, Fes, Morocco..
    Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
    Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Wageningen Univ & Res, Div Human Nutr & Hlth, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Ghadimi, Reza
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran..
    Ghandour, Lilian A.
    Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Ghimire, Mamata
    Univ Tsukuba, Dept Hlth Care Policy & Management, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan..
    Gill, Paramjit Singh
    Univ Warwick, Unit Acad Primary Care, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed
    Univ Hail, Dept Family & Community Med, Hail, Saudi Arabia..
    Giref, Ababi Zergaw Z.
    Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Hlth Serv Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Univ Massachusetts, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA..
    Gopalani, Sameer Vali
    Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA.;Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia..
    Gotay, Carolyn C.
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Goulart, Alessandra C.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Greaves, Felix
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Hlth Improvement Directorate, London, England..
    Grosso, Giuseppe
    Univ Hosp Polyclin Vittorio Emanuele, Integrated Tumor Registry, Catania, Italy..
    Guo, Yuming
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Gupta, Rahul
    West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Commissioner Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA.;West Virginia Univ, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Leadership, Morgantown, WV USA.;Rajasthan Univ Hlth Sci, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.;Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Gupta, Rajeev
    West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Commissioner Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA.;West Virginia Univ, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Leadership, Morgantown, WV USA.;Rajasthan Univ Hlth Sci, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.;Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Gupta, Vipin
    Univ Delhi, Dept Anthropol, Delhi, India..
    Alma Gutierrez, Reyna
    Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Gvs, Murthy
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hyderabad, India..
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Hagos, Tekleberhan Beyene
    Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Anat & Embryol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Med, Biomed Sci Div, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Hamadeh, Randah R.
    Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Manama, Bahrain..
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates..
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Med Sch, Perth, WA, Australia.;Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Neurol Dept, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Harb, Hilda L.
    Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Vital & Hlth Stat, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Cardiol Dept, Trivandrum, Kerala, India..
    Maria Haro, Josep
    Parc Sanit St Joan de Deu CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain.;Univ Barcelona, Dept Med, Barcelona, Spain..
    Hassen, Hamid Yimam
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.;Univ Hosp Antwerp, Unit Epidemiol & Social Med, Antwerp, Belgium..
    Havmoeller, Rasmus
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hay, Simon, I
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Heibati, Behzad
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Henok, Andualem
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia..
    Heredia-Pi, Ileana
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto
    Natl Commission Against Addict, Secretary Hlth, Subdirectorate Regulat Guidelines & Tech Procedur, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Herteliu, Claudiu
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Hibstu, Desalegn Ts Tsegaw
    Hawassa Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Hawassa, Ethiopia..
    Hoogar, Praveen
    Manipal Univ, Transdisciplinary Ctr Qualitat Methods, Manipal, Karnataka, India..
    Horita, Nobuyuki
    Yokohama City Univ, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.;NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Hosgood, H. Dean
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Hosseini, Mostafa
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Hostiuc, Mihaela
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, Romania.;Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Internal Med, Bucharest, Romania..
    Hu, Guoqing
    Cent S Univ, Xiangya Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China..
    Huang, Hsiang
    Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Husseini, Abdullatif
    Birzeit Univ, Inst Community & Publ Hlth, Birzeit, Palestine.;Qatar Univ, Doha, Qatar..
    Idrisov, Bulat
    Bashkir State Med Univ, Infect Dis Dept, Ufa, Russia..
    Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania..
    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
    Univ Liberia, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Monrovia, Liberia..
    Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran.;Med Res Council South Africa, Noncommun Dis Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Waurn Ponds, Vic, Australia..
    Jackson, Maria D.
    Univ West Indies, Dept Community Hlth & Psychiat, Jamaica, NY USA..
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Kragujevac, Fac Med Sci, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
    Univ Colombo, Fac Grad Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka.;Univ Colombo, Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka..
    Jha, Ravi Prakash
    Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany.;Capital Med Univ, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
    Czestochowa Tech Univ, Inst Hlth & Nutr Sci, Czestochowa, Poland.;Univ Opole, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Opole, Poland..
    Kabir, Zubair
    Univ Coll Cork, Sch Publ Hlth, Cork, Ireland..
    Kadel, Rajendra
    London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Hlth Policy, Personal Social Serv Res Unit, London, England..
    Kahsay, Amaha
    Mekelle Univ, Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Kapil, Umesh
    ACS Med Coll & Hosp, New Delhi, India..
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Malignancies Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kassa, Tesfaye D. Dessale
    Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
    Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Kawakami, Norito
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Kebede, Seifu
    Salale Univ, Midwifery Program, Fiche, Ethiopia..
    Kefale, Adane Teshome
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Pharm Dept, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia..
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Univ Nairobi, Odel Campus, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Kengne, Andre Pascal
    Med Res Council South Africa, Noncommun Dis Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Khader, Yousef
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Alramtha, Jordan..
    Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Khalil, Ibrahim A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
    Univ Newcastle, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.;Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam Univ, Dept Populat Sci, Mymensingh, Bangladesh..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, SNU Med Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea.;Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea..
    Khater, Mona M.
    Cairo Univ, Dept Med Parasitol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA..
    Kim, Cho-Il
    Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South Korea..
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kim, Yun Jin
    Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Med, Sepang, Malaysia..
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kisa, Adnan
    Univ Oslo, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, Norway.;Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA..
    Kivimaki, Mika
    UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Kochhar, Sonali
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Erasmus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Med Ctr Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Koul, Parvaiz A.
    Sher Ashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India..
    Koyanagi, Ai
    Parc Sanit St Joan de Deu CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain..
    Krishan, Kewal
    Panjab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, India..
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
    Yuksek Ihtisas Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey.;Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey..
    Kulkarni, Veena S.
    Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA..
    Kumar, Pushpendra
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Lafranconi, Alessandra
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana
    Rajiv Gandhi Univ Hlth Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India..
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Lallukka, Tea
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland.;Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Populat & Work Abil Program, Helsinki, Finland..
    Lam, Hilton
    Natl Inst Hlth, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Manila, Philippines..
    Lami, Faris Hasan
    Acad Med Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Baghdad, Iraq..
    Lan, Qing
    NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA..
    Lang, Justin J.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Lansky, Sonia
    Municipal Hlth Dept Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte City Hall, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Larsson, Anders O.
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden.;Akad Sjukhuset, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Latifi, Arman
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran..
    Leasher, Janet L.
    Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA..
    Lee, Paul H.
    Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Leigh, James
    Univ Sydney, Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Leung, Janni
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Levi, Miriam
    Tuscany Ctr, CERIMP, Local Hlth Unit, Florence, Italy.;Univ Florence, Dept Hlth Sci, Florence, Italy..
    Li, Yichong
    Shenzen Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Dept Clin & Epidemiol Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Lim, Lee-Ling
    Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Linn, Shai
    Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, Haifa, Israel..
    Liu, Shiwei
    Ctr Chron Dis Control, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Lobato-Cordero, Andrea
    Natl Inst Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energies, Quito, Ecuador..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    King Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle
    Harvard Univ, Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA USA.;Univ Philippines Manila, Dev & Commun Studies, Manila, Philippines..
    Machado, Isis Eloah
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Nursing, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Madotto, Fabiana
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
    Damietta Univ, Dumyat, Egypt..
    Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy
    Aswan Fac Med, Opthamol Dept, Aswan, Egypt..
    Majdan, Marek
    Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia..
    Majdzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, KURC, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Community Based Participatory Res Ctr CBP, Tehran, Iran..
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
    Univ Zambia, Dept Populat Studies, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Martinez-Raga, Jose
    Doctor Peset Univ Hosp, Psychiat Dept, Valencia, Spain.;Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain..
    Maulik, Pallab K.
    George Inst Global Hlth, Res, New Delhi, India.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Biol & Biol Engn, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Mckee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, England..
    Mehta, Varshil
    Sevenhills Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Meier, Toni
    Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, Halle, Germany.;Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NUTRICA, Innovat Off Nutricard, Halle, Germany..
    Mekonen, Tesfa
    Bahir Dar Univ, Psychiat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Melese, Addisu
    Debre Tabor Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia..
    Memiah, Peter T. N.
    Univ West Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Pensacola, FL USA..
    Mendoza, Walter
    United Nations Populat Fund UNFPA, Peru Country Off UNFPA, Lima, Peru..
    Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Med, Biomed Sci Div, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Mensah, George A.
    Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa.;NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Meretoja, Tuomo J.
    Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
    Ethiopian Acad Med Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Miazgowski, Tomasz
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Hypertens & Internal Med, Szczecin, Poland..
    Miller, Ted R.
    Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA.;Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Mini, G. K.
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Amrita Inst Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Kochi, Kerala, India..
    Mirica, Andreea
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;Natl Inst Stat Romania, Presidents Off, Bucharest, Romania..
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.;Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan..
    Moazen, Babak
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.;Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Inst Addict Res ISFF, Dept Hlth & Social Work, Frankfurt, Germany..
    Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
    Salahaddin Univ, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq..
    Mohammadifard, Noushin
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Inst, Nutr & Cohort Studies Dept, Esfahan, Iran..
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.;Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Moraga, Paula
    Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England..
    Morawska, Lidia
    Queensland Univ Technol, Sci & Engn Fac, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Jalu, Moti Tolera
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.;St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran..
    Mukhopadhyay, Satinath
    Inst Postgrad Med Educ & Res, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kolkata, India..
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia..
    Naheed, Aliya
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Initiat Non Commun Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Naik, Gurudatta
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Najafi, Farid
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Epidemiol Dept, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Nangia, Vinay
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Nansseu, Jobert Richie
    Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Epidem & Pandem Control, Lebanon, NH USA.;Univ Yaounde, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Publ Heath, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Nayak, Mudavath Siva Durga Prasad
    Rajiv Gandhi Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Community Med, Bangalore, Karnataka, India..
    Nejjari, Chakib
    Univ Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Fes, Morocco.;Mohammed Vi Univ Hlth Sci, Int Sch Publ Hlth, Casablanca, Morocco..
    Neupane, Subas
    Univ Tampere, Sch Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland..
    Neupane, Sudan Prasad
    Univ Oslo, Norwegian Ctr Addict Res SERAF, Oslo, Norway.;Innlandet Hosp Trust, Norwegian Natl Advisory Unit Concurrent Subst Abu, Brumunddal, Norway..
    Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
    Univ Embu, Dept Biol Sci, Embu, Kenya..
    Nguyen, Cuong Tat
    Nguyen, Long Hoang
    Nguyen, Trang Huyen
    Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
    Semarang State Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Kota Semarang, Indonesia.;Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Nirayo, Yirga Legesse
    Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Noubiap, Jean Jacques
    Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Ofori-Asenso, Richard
    Monash Univ, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Educ Therapeut, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Monash Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Hlth Policy Consult, Res Unit, Accra, Ghana..
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Western Sydney Univ, Penrith, NSW, Australia..
    Oh, In-Hwan
    Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
    HSRC, HIV AIDS STIs & TB HAST Programme, Durban, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Osakhati, Namibia..
    Olagunju, Andrew T.
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olivares, Pedro R.
    Autonomous Univ Chile, Providencia, Chile..
    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
    Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
    Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Ikoyi, Nigeria..
    Oommen, Anu Mary
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Oren, Eyal
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA..
    Orpana, Heather M.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Appl Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Ottawa, Sch Psychol, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D., V
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Ortiz, Justin R.
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA..
    Ota, Erika
    St Lukes Int Univ, Global Hlth Nursing, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan..
    Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo
    Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel
    North West Univ, Agr Econ Grp, Mafikeng, South Africa..
    Mahesh, P. A.
    Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Univ, Dept TB & Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India..
    Pana, Adrian
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Evaluat, Bucharest, Romania..
    Park, Eun-Kee
    Kosin Univ, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Busan, South Korea..
    Parry, Charles D. H.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.;Med Res Council South Africa, Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Use Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Parsian, Hadi
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol Sar, Iran..
    Patle, Ajay
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.;Int Inst Hlth Management Res, New Delhi, India..
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Populat Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Paudel, Deepak
    Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, Nepal.;Ludwigs Maximillians Univ, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany..
    Petzold, Max
    Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Phillips, Michael R.
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Pillay, Julian David
    Durban Univ Technol, Basic Med Sci Dept, Durban, South Africa..
    Postma, Maarten J.
    Univ Groningen, Dept Econ & Business, Groningen, Netherlands.;Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
    PHFI, Gurugram, India.;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommun Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran..
    Radfar, Amir
    AT Still Univ, Mesa, AZ USA.;Medichem, St Joan Despi, Spain..
    Rafay, Anwar
    Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Rafiei, Alireza
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.;Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Sari, Iran..
    Rahim, Fakher
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran.;Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Res Ctr, Hlth Res Inst, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, INCAS, Tehran, Iran..
    Rahman, Mahfuzar
    Deakin Univ, Natl Ctr Farmer Hlth, Sch Med, Waurn Ponds, Vic, Australia.;BRAC, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.;La Trobe Univ, Austin Clin Sch Nursing, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia..
    Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
    Deakin Univ, Natl Ctr Farmer Hlth, Sch Med, Waurn Ponds, Vic, Australia.;BRAC, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.;La Trobe Univ, Austin Clin Sch Nursing, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia..
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India.;Univ Gottingen, Dept Econ, Gottingen, Germany..
    Rajsic, Sasa
    Med Univ Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Raju, Sree Bhushan
    Nizams Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol, Hyderabad, India..
    Ram, Usha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Rana, Saleem M.
    Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.;Univ Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Dept, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
    Yonsei Univ, Inst Poverty Alleviat & Int Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Rawaf, David Laith
    Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England.;Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England..
    Rawaf, Salman
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, London, England..
    Reiner, Robert C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Reis, Cesar
    Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Occupat Med, Loma Linda, CA USA..
    Renzaho, Andre M. N.
    Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci, Penrith, NSW, Australia.;Western Sydney Univ, Psychol Dept, Penrith, NSW, Australia..
    Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Sari, Iran..
    Roever, Leonardo
    Univ Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil..
    Ronfani, Luca
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Room, Robin
    La Trobe Univ, Ctr Alcohol Policy Res, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia.;Stockholm Univ, Ctr Social Res Alcohol & Drugs, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran..
    Rostami, Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis & Trop Med Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran..
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Roy, Ambuj
    AIIMS, Dept Cardiol, New Delhi, India..
    Sabde, Yogesh Damodar
    Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, Bhopal, India..
    Saddik, Basema
    Univ Sharjah, Coll Med, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates..
    Safiri, Saeid
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran..
    Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Mashhad Univ Med Ci, Dept Med Biotechnol, Mashhad, Iran..
    Saleem, Zikria
    Panjab Univ, Coll Pharm, Chandigarh, India..
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Salvi, Sundeep Santosh
    Chest Res Fdn, Clin Res Div, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Sanabria, Juan
    Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA.;Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria
    Nephrol Grp, LIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain..
    Santomauro, Damian Francesco
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Policy & Epidemiol Grp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Milicevic, Milena M. M. Santric
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Inst Social Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Sarker, Abdur Razzaque
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Econ & Financing Res Grp, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo
    Univ Appl & Environm Sci, Fac Med, Dept Hlth & Soc, Bogota, Colombia..
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran..
    Sartorius, Benn
    Univ Kwazulu Natal, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Howard Coll Campus, Durban, South Africa..
    Satpathy, Maheswar
    Utkal Univ, UGC Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, India.;Udyam Global Assoc Sustainable Dev, Bhubaneswar, India..
    Sawhney, Monika
    Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA..
    Saxena, Sonia
    Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Saylan, Mete
    Bayer, Market Access, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Schaub, Michael P.
    Univ Zurich, Swiss Res Inst Publ Hlth & Addict, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Schmidt, Maria Ines
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Schneider, Ione J. C.
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Hlth Sci Dept, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Schoettker, Ben
    German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
    South African Med Res Council, Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, Cape Town, South Africa.;North West Univ, HART, Mafikeng, South Africa..
    Schwendicke, Falk
    Char Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Dept Operat & Prevent Dent, Berlin, Germany..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Shaikh, Masood A. Ali
    Sharif, Mehdi
    Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Lab Sci, Sari, Iran.;Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Sari, Iran..
    She, Jun
    Fudan Univ, Dept Pulm Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Sheikh, Aziz
    Harvard Univ, BWH Div Gen Internal Med & Primary Care, Boston, MA USA.;Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Shen, Jiabin
    Nationwide Children sHosp, Res Inst, Columbus, OH USA..
    Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Shigematsu, Mika
    Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan..
    Shiri, Rahman
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Shishani, Kawkab
    Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA..
    Shiue, Ivy
    Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Epidemiol Biostat & Informat, Halle, Germany..
    Shukla, Sharvari Rahul
    Symbiosis Int Univ, Symbiosis Inst Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
    Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY USA..
    Santos Silva, Diego Augusto
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Hlth Sci Dept, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Da Silva, Natacha Torres
    Portuguese Inst Sport & Youth, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele
    Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth Ind Complex & Innovat Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.;Brasilia Univ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Narain
    Sch Prevent Oncol, Patna, Bihar, India.;Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Sitas, Freddy
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Soares Filho, Adauto Martins
    Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Dis & Noncommun Dis & Hlth Promot, Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Soofi, Moslem
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Soriano, Joan B.
    Univ Hosp Princess IISP, Pneumol Serv, Res Inst, Madrid, Spain.;Autonomous Univ Madrid, Pneumol Serv, Madrid, Spain..
    Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
    Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Steckling, Nadine
    Univ Hosp Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, Munich, Germany.;Univ Hlth Sci Med Informat & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Technol Assessment, Hall In Tirol, Austria..
    Stein, Dan J.
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
    Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Sur, Patrick J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Sykes, Bryan L.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA..
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain.;Carlos III Hlth Inst, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain..
    Tabuchi, Takahiro
    Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan..
    Tavakkoli, Mohammad
    New York Med Coll, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA..
    Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Community Med Dept, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Thapa, Subash
    Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark..
    Thomas, Nihal
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Endocrinol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland..
    Topouzis, Fotis
    Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Med Sch, Dept Ophthalmol, Thessaloniki, Greece..
    Tran, Bach Xuan
    Hanoi Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Troeger, Christopher E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Truelsen, Thomas Clement
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Neurol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Tsilimparis, Nikolaos
    Univ Heart Ctr Hamburg, Dept Vasc Med, Hamburg, Germany..
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Parc Sanit St Joan de Deu CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain.;Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain..
    Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
    Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
    Ullah, Irfan
    Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.;Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, Programmat Management Drug Resistant TB Unit, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan..
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Univ Warwick, Div Hlth Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Valdez, Pascual R.
    Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.;Hosp Velez Sarsfield, Intens Care Unit, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Van Boven, Job F. M.
    Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
    UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland..
    Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
    Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore.;Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore..
    Violante, Francesco S.
    Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy..
    Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch
    Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia.;Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Informat & Internet Technol, Moscow, Russia..
    Vlassov, Vasily
    Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia..
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Bergen, Norway..
    Vos, Theo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw
    Debre Markos Univ, Dept Nursing, Debremarkos, Ethiopia..
    Waheed, Yasir
    Fdn Univ, Fdn Univ Med Coll, Rawalpindi, Pakistan..
    Wang, Yuan-Pang
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Canc Registry Norway, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway..
    Weldegebreal, Fitsum
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey
    Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Ageing Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Westerman, Ronny
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up, German Natl Cohort, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Whiteford, Harvey A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Widecka, Justyna
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Zdroje Hosp, Szczecin, Poland..
    Wijeratne, Tissa
    Univ Melbourne, Australian Inst Muscular Skeletal Sci, Dept Med & Neurol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;La Trobe Univ, Dept Psychol & Counselling, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia..
    Wyper, Grant M. A.
    NHS Scotland, Informat Serv Div, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.;Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Xu, Gelin
    Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China..
    Yamada, Tomohide
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Diabet & Metab Dis, Tokyo, Japan..
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA..
    Ye, Pengpeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Prevent & Mental Hlth Provement, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yimer, Ebrahim M.
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Yip, Paul
    Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn
    Univ South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Yisma, Engida
    Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Alaide Hlth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Kyoto Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Kyoto, Japan..
    Yoon, Seok-Jun
    Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Yotebieng, Marcel
    Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Univ Kinshasa, Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO..
    Younis, Mustafa Z.
    Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Pol & Management, Jackson, MS USA.;Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zachariah, Geevar
    Mother Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Trichur, India..
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    ACS Med Coll & Hosp, New Delhi, India..
    Zamani, Mohammad
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Babol Sar, Iran..
    Zhang, Xueying
    Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA..
    Zodpey, Sanjay
    PHFI, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India..
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Gakidou, Emmanuela
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 20162018In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 392, no 10152, p. 1015-1035Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.

    Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.

    Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.

    Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.

  • 31.
    Habicht, Triin
    et al.
    Estonian Health Insurance Fund, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Part II: Country profiles of health system responses to the crisis. Estonia2015In: Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe: Country experiences / [ed] Maresso A, Mladovsky P, Thomson S, Sagan A, Karanikolos M, Richardson E, Cylus J, Evetovits T, Jowett M, Figueras J, Kluge H., Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe / European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies , 2015, p. 371-374Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Haraguchi, Hideyuki
    et al.
    National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
    Saito, Aya
    National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan / Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Takahashi, Hidetoshi
    National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
    Kamio, Yoko
    National National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan / Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stability of Autistic Traits from 5 to 8 Years of Age Among Children in the General Population2019In: Journal of autism and developmental disorders, ISSN 0162-3257, E-ISSN 1573-3432, Vol. 49, no 1, p. 324-334Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Little is known about the across time stability of autistic traits during the transition period from preschool to school age in the general population. The current study compared autistic traits assessed by a mother-reported quantitative measure, the Social Responsiveness Scale, at age 5 and 8 years and examined the intraclass correlation coefficients of scores across the period for 168 Japanese community-based children. Results showed that total and two subdomain-related autistic trait scores remained primarily stable in males and females. This stability was observed for both children with higher and lower autistic traits scores with a possible sex-specific pattern. Our findings suggest that autistic traits in the general population can be reliably assessed using quantitative measures for this age period.

  • 33.
    Haraguchi, Hideyuki
    et al.
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Yamaguchi, Honami
    Tokorozawa City Child Support Center, Saitama, Japan.
    Miyake, Atsuko
    Tokyo Special Education Psychological Research Center, Tokyo, Japan.
    Tachibana, Yoshiyuki
    National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Horiguchi, Mari
    Research Center for Mental Health and Developmental Disorders, Tokyo, Japan.
    Inoue, Masahiko
    Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
    Noro, Fumiyuki
    University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Kamio, Yoko
    National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan / Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
    One-year outcomes of low-intensity behavioral interventions among Japanese preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders: Community-based study2020In: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, ISSN 1750-9467, E-ISSN 1878-0237, Vol. 76, article id 101556Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the need for evidence-based practice for children with autism spectrum disorders in the community, especially in areas with a scarcity of qualified experts and high financial costs, there is a lack of evidence concerning the potential benefits of early interventions which may be affordable in the real world (e.g. low-intensity behavioral or eclectic interventions). This study examined behavioral changes in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorders who received low-intensity behavioral interventions (a mean of 5.5 h per week) or non-behavioral eclectic interventions delivered in community settings in Japan across a 1-year period and compared outcomes between the groups. We assessed children’s developmental quotient, adaptive behavior, autism symptom/severity, and maternal stress and depression at baseline and after 1 year. Our results revealed that children receiving interventions in their communities showed improvement in language and social development. Further, the degree of improvement in children receiving low-intensity behavioral interventions was significantly greater than in children receiving non-behavioral eclectic interventions. The improvement was associated with the intensity of total, especially one-to-one interventions. On the other hand, there were no group differences in the degree of improvement in other outcome measures. Our results suggest that some preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder may benefit from low-intensity behavioral interventions for their language and social development. A greater intensity of one-to-one interventions was found to be associated with greater progress in language development and communication skills. The current study highlights the importance of implementing early interventions in the community, even at a low intensity.

  • 34.
    Hu, Yannan
    et al.
    Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    van Lenthe, Frank J
    Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
    Borsboom, Gerard J
    Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
    Looman, Caspar W N
    Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
    Bopp, Matthias
    University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland .
    Burström, Bo
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Dzúrová, Dagmar
    Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic .
    Ekholm, Ola
    University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark .
    Klumbiene, Jurate
    Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania .
    Lahelma, Eero
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia .
    Regidor, Enrique
    Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain .
    Santana, Paula
    Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
    de Gelder, Rianne
    Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
    Mackenbach, Johan P
    Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
    Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health in 17 European countries between 1990 and 20102016In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, ISSN 0143-005X, E-ISSN 1470-2738, Vol. 70, no 7, p. 644-652Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Between the 1990s and 2000s, relative inequalities in all-cause mortality increased, whereas absolute inequalities decreased in many European countries. Whether similar trends can be observed for inequalities in other health outcomes is unknown. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health (SAH) in Europe between 1990 and 2010.

    METHODS: Data were obtained from nationally representative surveys from 17 European countries for the various years between 1990 and 2010. The age-standardised prevalence of less-than-good SAH was analysed by education and occupation among men and women aged 30-79 years. Socioeconomic inequalities were measured by means of absolute rate differences and relative rate ratios. Meta-analysis with random-effects models was used to examine the trends of inequalities.

    RESULTS: We observed declining trends in the prevalence of less-than-good SAH in many countries, particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe and the Baltic states. In all countries, less-than-good SAH was more prevalent in lower educational and manual groups. For all countries together, absolute inequalities in SAH were mostly constant, whereas relative inequalities increased. Almost no country consistently experienced a significant decline in either absolute or relative inequalities.

    CONCLUSIONS: Trends in inequalities in SAH in Europe were generally less favourable than those found for inequalities in mortality, and there was generally no correspondence between the two when we compared the trends within countries. In order to develop policies or interventions that effectively reduce inequalities in SAH, a better understanding of the causes of these inequalities is needed.

  • 35.
    Inagawa, Takuma
    et al.
    National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
    Narita, Zui
    National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
    Sugawara, Norio
    Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
    Maruo, Kazushi
    University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo.
    Yokoi, Yuma
    National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
    Sumiyoshi, Tomiki
    National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
    A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Multisession Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognition in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment2019In: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, ISSN 1550-0594, E-ISSN 2169-5202, Vol. 50, no 4, p. 273-282Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There have been increasing efforts to investigate the effects of neuromodulation techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on cognitive impairment in dementia and related conditions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the efficacy of multisession anodal tDCS compared with sham stimulation for improving global cognition and specific cognitive domains in both Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Eight articles meeting the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis were selected. Five studies used the Mini-Mental State Examination to examine mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In a fixed-effect model, there was a mean difference in the change score of -0.13 points. Three trials for dementia using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition showed a mean difference of -0.53 points. At present, there is a lack of clear evidence concerning the efficacy of multisession anodal tDCS due to the small number of studies and different measures used. This underscores the need for further investigations using larger samples and common outcome measures.

  • 36.
    Inoue, Y.
    et al.
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
    Howard, A. G.
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
    Qin, B.
    Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
    Yazawa, A.
    Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change).
    Gordon-Larsen, P.
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
    The association between family members’ migration and cognitive function among people left behind in China2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 9, article id e0222867Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While internal migration is widely occurring in countries across the world and older people are more likely to be left behind by family members who out-migrated to other locations, little attention has been paid to the cognitive health of those people who have been left behind (PLB). Understanding how these demographic patterns relate to older persons’ cognitive health may inform efforts to reduce the disease burden due to cognitive decline. Data came from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997, 2000 and 2004. Participants aged 55 to 93 who participated in a cognitive function screening test (score range: 0–31) in two or more waves and provided information on family members’ migration (n = 1,267) were included in the analysis. A mixed linear model was used to investigate the association between being left behind by any members who had not resided in the household for at least 6 months at baseline and cognitive function. Approximately 10% of the participants had been left behind by family members who migrated out of their communities. A significant interaction was observed in relation to cognitive function between being left behind and the number of years from the first test. Specifically, there was a less steep decline in cognitive function of PLB compared to people not left behind. This longitudinal study showed that PLB tended to have a higher cognitive function compared to those not left behind due to their relatively stable transition in cognitive function during the study period.

  • 37.
    Inoue, Y.
    et al.
    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA / The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Yazawa, A.
    The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Aida, J.
    Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan / Miyagi Prefectural Government Office, Sendai, Japan.
    Kawachi, I.
    Harvard University, Boston, USAChiba University, Chiba, Japan.
    Kondo, K.
    Chiba University, Chiba, Japan / Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan / National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
    Fujiwara, T.
    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA / Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Adverse childhood experiences, exposure to a natural disaster and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami2019In: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, ISSN 2045-7960, E-ISSN 2045-7979, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 45-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims.: To investigate whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) modify the impact of exposure to a natural disaster (the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami) on the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among older people. Methods.: Data were collected as part of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), which is an on-going epidemiological survey investigating social determinants of health among older people across Japan. Information on PTSD symptoms based on the Screening Questionnaire for Disaster Mental Health, traumatic exposure to the earthquake (i.e., house damage and loss of relatives/friends during the earthquake/tsunami) and ACEs was obtained from 580 participants aged 65 or older living in Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture, which suffered severe damage as a result of the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami in March 2011. Associations were examined using Poisson regression analysis with a robust variance estimator after adjusting for covariates. Results.: The prevalence of PTSD was 9.7% in this population; compared to those with no traumatic experience, the prevalence of PTSD was approximately two times higher among those who experienced the loss of close friends/relatives (PR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.11–3.03, p = 0.018), or whose house was damaged (PR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.07–4.34, p = 0.032). ACE was not significantly associated with PTSD. Stratified analyses by the presence of ACE showed that damage due to the earthquake/tsunami was associated with PTSD only among those without ACEs; more specifically, among non-ACE respondents the PR of PTSD associated with house damage was 6.67 (95% CI = 1.66–26.80), while for the loss of a relative or a close friend it was 3.56 (95% CI = 1.18–10.75). In contrast, no statistically significant associations were observed among those with ACEs. Conclusion.: Following the Great East Japan earthquake/tsunami in 2011 a higher risk of developing PTSD symptoms was observed in 2013 especially among older individuals without ACEs. This suggests that ACEs might affect how individuals respond to subsequent traumatic events later in life.

  • 38.
    Inoue, Y.
    et al.
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Yazawa, A.
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Fujiwara, T.
    National Center for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan.
    Kondo, K.
    Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan / Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan.
    Kondo, N.
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    December birth is associated with higher mortality among older people in Japan: Findings from the JAGES cohort.2016In: American Journal of Human Biology, ISSN 1042-0533, E-ISSN 1520-6300, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 281-282Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Inoue, Y.
    et al.
    University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
    Yazawa, A.
    University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
    Fujiwara, T.
    National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan.
    Kondo, K.
    Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan / Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan.
    Kondo, N.
    University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
    Month of birth is associated with mortality among older people in Japan: Findings from the JAGES cohort2016In: Chronobiology International, ISSN 0742-0528, E-ISSN 1525-6073, Vol. 33, no 4, p. 441-447Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Month of birth (MOB) has been linked to a variety of health conditions in adulthood. This study examined the association between MOB and mortality among the healthy elderly in Japan, where a practice of traditional age reckoning was employed up until the late 1940s. The results showed male participants born in December were more likely to die earlier while those born in January had lower mortality. It is possible that social factors in early life, such as the time period when a birth is officially registered, may have implications for health that stretch across the life course.

  • 40.
    Inoue, Y.
    et al.
    The University of Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). The University of Tokyo, Japan.
    Yazawa, A.
    The University of Tokyo, Japan.
    Li, D.
    Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, China.
    Du, J.
    Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, China.
    Jin, Y.
    Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, China.
    Chen, Y.
    Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, China.
    Watanabe, C.
    The University of Tokyo, Japan.
    The association between economic development, lifestyle differentiation, and C-reactive protein concentration within rural communities in Hainan Island, China2016In: American Journal of Human Biology, ISSN 1042-0533, E-ISSN 1520-6300, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 186-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Earlier fieldwork in rural areas of Hainan Island, China, demonstrated that during the course of economic development increasing differences had emerged in lifestyles within communities. It is possible that these variations might have stratified residents into subpopulations with different health attributes. This study examined the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, a biomarker of future cardiovascular events, and personal lifestyle parameters and the degree of community-level economic development among rural communities. Methods: A cross-sectional field survey was undertaken in 19 rural communities in Hainan. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 1,744 participants. Dried blood spot samples were collected to measure high-sensitivity CRP concentration. Sex-stratified multilevel regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with CRP concentration among the participants. Results: While CRP concentration was negatively associated with being married and (more) education among men, for women CRP concentration was associated with the frequency of poultry consumption (P = 0.014) and the experience of migratory work in the previous year (P = 0.009). In addition, for females, living in communities with a greater degree of inequality, as indexed by the Gini coefficient, was also associated with increased CRP concentration (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Given that CRP concentration is a marker of future CVD risk, this study suggests that within these previously homogenous rural communities, economic development might have stratified people into population subgroups with a different CVD risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2015.

  • 41.
    Inoue, Yosuke
    et al.
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Yazawa, Aki
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Shirai, Kokoro
    University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
    Amemiya, Airi
    National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
    Kondo, Naoki
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Kondo, Katsunori
    Chiba University, Chiba, Japan / Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan / National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
    Ojima, Toshiyuki
    Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
    Hanazato, Masamichi
    Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
    Suzuki, Norimichi
    Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
    Fujiwara, Takeo
    Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Neighborhood Characteristics and Cardiovascular Risk among Older People in Japan: Findings from the JAGES Project2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 10, article id e0164525Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have found an association between neighborhood characteristics (i.e., aspects of the physical and social environment) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and elevated CVD risk. This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and CVD risk among older people in Japan where research on this association is scarce. Data came from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study project; questionnaire data collected from 3,810 people aged 65 years or older living in 20 primary school districts in Aichi prefecture, Japan, was linked to a computed composite CVD risk score based on biomarker data (i.e., hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate). A sex-stratified multilevel linear regression analysis revealed that for male participants, living in neighborhoods with a higher perceived occurrence of traffic accidents and reduced personal safety was associated with an elevated CVD risk (coefficient = 1.08 per interquartile range increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30 to 1.86) whereas males living in neighborhoods with a higher perceived proximity of exercise facilities had a lower risk (coefficient = −1.00, 95% CI = −1.78 to −0.21). For females, there was no statistically significant association between neighborhood characteristics and CVD risk. This study suggests that aspects of the neighborhood environment might be important for CVD morbidity and mortality in Japan, particularly among men.

  • 42.
    Isaksson, J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University / Karolinska Intitutet.
    Sjöblom, S.
    Uppsala University.
    Schwab-Stone, M.
    Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, US.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Ruchkin, V.
    Uppsala University / Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, US / Säter Forensic Psychiatric Clinic.
    Risk Factors Associated with Alcohol Use in Early Adolescence among American Inner-City Youth: A Longitudinal Study2020In: Substance Use & Misuse, ISSN 1082-6084, E-ISSN 1532-2491, Vol. 55, no 3, p. 358-366Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Early alcohol use is associated with an increased risk for later alcohol dependence, as well as social and mental health problems. In this study, we investigate the risk factors (internalizing and externalizing behaviors) associated with early alcohol consumption over a period of 1 year, and examine whether the association is sex-specific. Methods: U.S. inner-city adolescents (N = 1785, Mean age = 12.11) were assessed and reassessed in the sixth and seventh grades (Mean age = 13.10). Self-reported information was obtained on the lifetime level of alcohol consumption, internalizing (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress [PTS]), and externalizing behaviors (sensation seeking, conduct problems and affiliation with delinquent peers). Associations between the variables were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: In an adjusted SEM analysis drinking by the sixth grade was primarily associated with externalizing behaviors, whereas PTS was linked to lower levels of alcohol consumption. In addition, alcohol consumption and greater externalizing behaviors by the sixth grade predicted higher alcohol consumption by the seventh grade, whereas anxiety and African American ethnicity were associated with less alcohol consumption. No sex differences were found in the association between internalizing and externalizing behaviors and drinking. However, in the adjusted SEM analysis female sex predicted higher lifetime consumption by the seventh grade. Conclusion: Sensation seeking behavior, conduct problems and affiliation with delinquent peers should be regarded as risk factors and taken into consideration when planning prevention efforts in order to decrease alcohol use in early adolescence.

  • 43.
    Isaksson, J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University / Karolinska Institutet.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
    Koposov, R.
    The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway.
    Ruchkin, V.
    Uppsala University / Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA / Säter Psychiatric Clinic / .
    The danger of being inattentive – ADHD symptoms and risky sexual behaviour in Russian adolescents2018In: European psychiatry, ISSN 0924-9338, E-ISSN 1778-3585, no 47, p. 42-48Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AbstractBackground Prior research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may be associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviour (RSB). However, research on this association among adolescents has been comparatively limited and mainly confined to North America. The aim of this study was to examine if inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were linked to RSB in a community cohort sample of Russian adolescents. Methods The study was based on a group of 537 adolescents from Northern Russia. Information on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as well as conduct problems was obtained through teacher ratings, while information on RSB (previous unprotected sex, number of sexual partners, sex while intoxicated and partner pregnancies), substance use, perception of risk, and parenting behaviour was based on students’ self-reports. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between the variables. Results Teacher-rated inattention symptoms predicted RSB, independently of co-morbid conduct problems, substance use, risk perception, and different parenting styles (parental warmth, involvement and control). In addition, male sex, binge drinking and a lower assessment of perceived risk were all significantly associated with RSB in an adjusted model. Neither teacher-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms nor conduct problems were linked to RSB in the full model. Conclusions Deficits in planning and organizing behaviours, being easily distracted and forgetful seem to be of importance for RSB in Russian adolescents. This highlights the importance of discriminating between different types of ADHD symptoms in adolescence to prevent risk behaviours and their potentially detrimental outcomes on health and well-being.

  • 44.
    Isaksson, J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Westermark, C.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Koposov, R. A.
    UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
    Ruchkin, V.
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Yale University School of Medicine,, USA; Säter Psychiatric Clinic, Säter, Sweden.
    Risky sexual behaviour among Russian adolescents: association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms2021In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, E-ISSN 1753-2000, Vol. 15, article id 40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Risky sexual behaviour (RSB) is regarded as a major health problem during adolescence. Russia has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy, abortion and newly diagnosed HIV infections in the world, but research on RSB in Russian youth has been limited. To address this deficit, this study examined the role of several factors, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in RSB among Russian adolescents. Methods: Self-reported data were collected from 2573 Russian adolescents aged 13–17 years old (59.4 % girls; Mean age = 14.89) regarding RSB (unprotected sex, early pregnancy, multiple sexual partners and substance use during sexual encounters). Information was also obtained on externalizing (conduct problems and delinquent behaviour) and internalizing (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress) symptoms, as well as interpersonal risk and protective factors (affiliation with delinquent peers, parental involvement and teacher support). Hierarchical multiple binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between these variables and RSB. Results: Boys reported engaging in more RSB than girls. Externalizing symptoms and affiliation with delinquent peers were most strongly associated with RSB, whereas symptoms of anxiety were negatively associated with RSB. There was an interaction effect for sex and affiliation with delinquent peers on RSB with boys reporting RSB when having more delinquent peers. Neither parental involvement nor teacher support were protective against RSB. Conclusions: Early detection of and interventions for RSB and associated externalizing symptoms may be important for adolescent physical and mental wellbeing. Affiliation with delinquent peers should, especially among boys, be regarded as a risk marker for RSB.

  • 45.
    Isaksson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Martina
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
    Vermeiren, Robert
    Leiden University, Netherlands.
    Koposov, Roman
    UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia.
    Schwab-Stone, Mary
    Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Sala Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sweden.
    Community Violence Exposure and Eating Disorder Symptoms among Belgian, Russian and US Adolescents: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives2023In: Child Psychiatry and Human Development, ISSN 0009-398X, E-ISSN 1573-3327Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Isaksson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Nyman, Sara
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Schwab-Stone, Mary
    Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Yale University School of Medicine, Sweden; Sala Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sweden.
    The severity of perceived stress associated with community violence exposure and its role in future posttraumatic stress: findings from a longitudinal study of U.S. adolescents.2024In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, E-ISSN 1753-2000, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 121Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Community violence exposure (CVE) in adolescence is associated with poorer mental health although the situational factors that may impact on this relationship remain relatively unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate if the degree of perceived stress during CVE has an effect on future posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in youth, and if this association differs between females and males.

    METHODS: Data were analyzed from 760 U.S. adolescents (mean age = 14.00 years), who participated in two surveys, one year apart. Information about CVE (witnessing violence and violence victimization) and the stress severity associated with it was collected in the first survey, whereas data on PTSD symptoms were obtained in the second survey. Generalized Linear Models were used to examine the associations that were also adjusted for ethnicity, age and socioeconomic status.

    RESULTS: The results showed a longitudinal association between CVE-related stress and future PTSD symptoms, with students who had higher levels of perceived stress during CVE (witnessing or victimization) reporting higher PTSD symptom levels subsequently. There was no interaction between sex and CVE-related stress and PTSD symptoms, although females reported more PTSD symptoms.

    CONCLUSIONS: The severity of the perceived stress associated with CVE should be regarded as a potentially important prognostic factor for identifying those who might develop PTSD symptoms after CVE and this may facilitate early intervention and treatment for those exposed to community violence.

  • 47.
    Isaksson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Schwab-Stone, Mary
    Yale University Medical School, New Haven, USA.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav
    Uppsala University / Yale University Medical School, New Haven, USA / Säter Forensic Psychiatric Clinic.
    Risk and Protective Factors for Problematic Drinking in Early Adolescence: A Systematic Approach2020In: Child Psychiatry and Human Development, ISSN 0009-398X, E-ISSN 1573-3327, Vol. 51, no 2, p. 231-238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alcohol use during early adolescence is associated with other risk behaviors as well as future health problems. Within the design of a larger prospective research program, a cohort of U.S. inner-city sixth-grade students (N = 1573, mean age = 12.10) were assessed and reassessed in the seventh-grade. Self-reported information was obtained on problems related to alcohol, fixed markers of risk (e.g. sex, age, SES), individual and interpersonal factors (e.g. internalizing and externalizing symptoms) and contextual factors (e.g. substance availability). Alcohol-related problems in seventh grade were foremost predicted by individual and interpersonal factors in the sixth grade including depressive symptoms, conduct problems, a decreased perception of wrongdoing, and affiliation with delinquent peers. In addition, alcohol use in the sixth grade and being of Hispanic or White ethnicity was also associated with subsequent alcohol-related problems. Interventions should be directed towards assessing and treating individual risk factors such as depression and externalizing symptoms.

  • 48.
    Isaksson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University / Karolinska Institutet.
    Sukhodolsky, Denis G
    Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
    Koposov, Roman
    University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav
    Uppsala University / Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA / Säter Psychiatric Clinic.
    The Role of Gender in the Associations Among Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Anger, and Aggression in Russian Adolescents2020In: Journal of Traumatic Stress, ISSN 0894-9867, E-ISSN 1573-6598, Vol. 33, no 4, p. 552-563Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to anger and aggressive behavior in adult and veteran populations. However, research on the associations among anger, aggression, and PTSD in adolescents is lacking, particularly regarding differences between the sexes. To address this research gap, we used self-report data from Russian adolescents (N = 2,810; age range: 13-17 years) to perform a full path analysis examining the associations between PTSD symptoms and the emotional (anger traits) and cognitive (rumination) components of anger as well as physical/verbal and social aggression, after adjusting for depressive symptoms. We also examined the interaction effects between PTSD symptoms and sex on anger and aggression. The results indicated that girls scored higher on measures of anger and PTSD symptoms, ds = 0.20-0.32, whereas boys scored higher on measures of physical and verbal aggression, d = 0.54. Clinical levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with anger rumination, β = .16, and trait anger, β = .06, and an interaction effect for PTSD symptoms and sex was found for aggression, whereby boys with clinical levels of PTSD symptoms reported more physical/verbal and social aggression, βs = .05 and .20, respectively. Our findings suggest that PTSD symptoms may have an important impact on anger, anger rumination, and aggression during adolescence. In particular, boys seem to have an increased risk for aggressive behavior in the presence of PTSD symptoms. The present results highlight the importance of taking anger and aggression into account when evaluating PTSD.

  • 49.
    Jacob, L.
    et al.
    University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France / CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
    Smith, L.
    Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Haro, J. M.
    CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
    Stickley, Andrew
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
    Koyanagi, A.
    CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain / ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
    Serious physical injury and depressive symptoms among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries2020In: Journal of Affective Disorders, ISSN 0165-0327, E-ISSN 1573-2517, Vol. 264, p. 172-180Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Little is known about the relationship between physical injury and depression in youths from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between serious physical injury and depressive symptoms among adolescents in 21 LMICs. Methods: Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003–2008) were analyzed. Serious physical injury and depressive symptoms in the past 12 months were assessed with self-report measures. The association between serious physical injury and depressive symptoms was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis. Results: The final sample consisted of 44,333 adolescents aged 12–15 years. After adjustment for sex, age, food insecurity, alcohol consumption, and country, an increasing number of serious physical injuries in the past 12 months was associated with increments in the odds for depressive symptoms in a dose-dependent fashion. Those who had ≥6 serious injuries (vs. no injuries) were 2.79 (95%CI=2.23–3.48) times more likely to have depressive symptoms. The pooled odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) for the association between at least one serious physical injury and depressive symptoms obtained by meta-analysis based on country-wise estimates was 1.83 (1.67–2.01) with a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity (I2=56.0%). Limitations: This was a cross-sectional study and causality of the association cannot be deduced. Conclusions: Serious physical injury may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms among adolescents in LMICs. Efforts to prevent physical injury and the provision of adequate health care for those who are injured may improve mental wellbeing among adolescents in this setting.

  • 50.
    Jasilionis, Domantas
    et al.
    Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Changing effect of the numerator-denominator bias in unlinked data on mortality differentials by education: evidence from Estonia, 2000-20152021In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, ISSN 0143-005X, E-ISSN 1470-2738, Vol. 75, no 1, p. 88-91Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background This study highlights changing disagreement between census and death record information in the reporting of the education of the deceased and shows how these reporting differences influence a range of mortality inequality estimates.

    Methods This study uses a census-linked mortality data set for Estonia for the periods 2000–2003 and 2012–2015. The information on the education of the deceased was drawn from both the censuses and death records. Range-type, Gini-type and regression-based measures were applied to measure absolute and relative mortality inequality according to the two types of data on the education of the deceased.

    Results The study found a small effect of the numerator–denominator bias on unlinked mortality estimates for the period 2000–2003. The effect of this bias became sizeable in the period 2012–2015: in high education group, mortality was overestimated by 23–28%, whereas the middle education group showed notable underestimation of mortality. The same effect was small for the lowest education group. These biases led to substantial distortions in range-type inequality measures, whereas unlinked and linked Gini-type measures showed somewhat closer agreement.

    Conclusions The changing distortions in the unlinked estimates reported in this study warn that this type of evidence cannot be readily used for monitoring changes in mortality inequalities.

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