The Loplyks form a small ethnic group previously settled at the Lop Lake Lop Nor) in the Tarim Basin. With an economy based on fishing, this emi-nomadic Turkic group adapted to the arid conditions and scarce iological resources at the fringe of the Taklamakan desert. In the late ineteenth century, foreign travellers observed that they could fulfil ost of their material needs through the use of available plants, nimals, and fish species. Anthropogenic pressure and climate change ave dried Lop Nor and forced the Loplyks to turn into farmers. This rticle discusses their adaptation strategies from an ethnobiological iewpoint.