This article addresses historiographical ambiguities on Catholic humanitarianism, the Catholic search for the unity of Christians under the papacy, and the Vatican’s secretive assistance of war criminals after 1945. It does so by examining the humanitarian aid provided by the Roman Catholic Church since 1945 to Romanian Orthodox Bishop Visarion Puiu, a displaced war criminal associated with Romanian fascism. Based on unexplored Vatican and ecclesiastical archives, the article traces Catholic assistance provided to Puiu in postwar Italy, Switzerland, and France (1945–50). Its analysis reveals that while Puiu leveraged anti-communist sentiment and Christian unity under the papacy to secure aid, Catholic humanitarians, guided mainly by ideals of Christian charity, helped him overcome displacement and evade postwar justice, while still respecting his faith.