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U.S. Steel and Aluminium Tariffs: Consequences for Sweden’s Industrial Sector: A quantitative study on Swedish export volumes
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Economics.
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Economics.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
USA:s stål- och aluminiumtullar: Konsekvenser för Sveriges industrisektor : En kvantitativ studie av svenska exportvolymer (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

This study examined the economic consequences of the U.S. steel and aluminium tariffs on Sweden as a small export dependent country. To fulfil the purpose three hypothesis were formulated: 1. that the tariffs would significantly decrease Swedish exports of steel and aluminium 2. that Swedish exports would shift from the U.S. market to the European and other international markets during the tariff period 3. that exchange rate fluctuates between the Swedish krona and major currencies (USD and EUR) would significantly affect Sweden's steel and aluminium export volumes. The analysis was based on a time series regression model with monthly data from 2013-2025 which was retrieved from two governmental institutions Statstics Sweden (SCB) and Riksbanken, the Swedish central bank. The findings of the study showed a statistically significant decrease in steel exports to the U.S. (24,8%) during the tariff period (March 2018 until October 2021). In contrast, aluminium exports increased opposed to our first hypothesis by (17,5 %), which was statistically significant. The results suggested that protectionist trade policies such as tariffs have a considerable impact on the export performance of a small open economy like Sweden. The findings highlight the crucial roles of stable exchange rates and diversified export markets in reducing vulnerability to international trade disruptions. 

Abstract [sv]

Denna studie undersökte de ekonomiska konsekvenserna av USA:s stål och aluminium tullar på Sverige som ett litet exportberoendeland. För att uppfylla syftet formulerades tre hypoteser: 1. Att tullarna skulle bidra till en signifikant minskning av svenskt stål och aluminiumexport. 2. Att svensk export kommer omfördelas mot Europa och andra internationella marknader under tullperioden. 3. Att volatilitet i valutakurser mellan svenska kronan och andra stora valutor (USD och EUR) skulle ha en signifikant påverkan på svenskt stål och aluminiumexport. Analysen baserades på regressionsanalys med månatlig tidserie data mellan perioden 2013–2025. Datan i regressionen är hämtad från två statliga institutioner Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB) och Riksbanken, Sveriges centralbank. Resultatet av studien visade en statistiskt signifikant minskning av stålexport mot USA (24,8%) under tullperioden (mars 2018 till oktober 2021). Till skillnad från stål så visade aluminium en statistik signifikant ökning (17,5%) vilket var motsägande till vår första hypotes. Ytligare visade studien att protektionistiska politiska åtgärder som tullar, har en märkbar effekt på exportprestandan på en liten öppen ekonomi som Sverige. Studien betonar vikten av stabila växelkurser samt en väl diversifierad exportstruktur för att minska sårbarheten mot internationella handelstörningar. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 57
Keywords [en]
Tariffs, Steel, Aluminium, Export volumes, Sweden, Trade policy, Exchange rate, Protectionism, Time series data, Regression analysis
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57809OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-57809DiVA, id: diva2:1982258
Subject / course
Economics
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Available from: 2025-07-08 Created: 2025-07-07 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
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  • harvard-anglia-ruskin-university
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  • Other style
More styles
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