The practices and politics of machine learning: a field guide for analyzing artificial intelligence
2025 (English)In: AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication, ISSN 0951-5666, E-ISSN 1435-5655, Vol. 40, no 8, p. 6135-6148Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
This article develops an analytical and methodological field guide for studying the mundane practices that constitute machine learning systems. Drawing on science and technology studies (STS), I move beyond the opacity/transparency dichotomy that has dominated critical algorithm studies to examine how machine learning is assembled through everyday work. Rather than treating algorithms as black boxes or magical entities, I focus on four empirical moments of translation—feature extraction, vectorization, clustering, and data drift—where technical work becomes political choice. By ethnographically attending to practitioners' tinkering, negotiations, and valuation practices in these moments, we can trace how classification systems are constructed and stabilized. This approach allows us to ask: How are particular features of the world selected as relevant for prediction? Through what practices are people and phenomena translated into mathematical vector spaces? How are temporal assumptions encoded in data? By studying these mundane processes of construction, we can understand how machine learning systems enact particular ways of seeing, classifying, and predicting the world. This field guide thus contributes methodological tools for analyzing how the politics of machine learning is assembled in practice, opening analytical space for critical engagement beyond calls for transparency or fairness.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025. Vol. 40, no 8, p. 6135-6148
Keywords [en]
Algorithmic assemblages, Critical AI studies, Data practices, Machine learning ethnography, Moments of translation, Science and technology studies, Clustering algorithms, Learning algorithms, Learning systems, Machine learning, Algorithm study, Algorithmic assemblage, Algorithmics, Critical AI study, Machine learning systems, Machine-learning, Moment of translation, Vector spaces
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57764DOI: 10.1007/s00146-025-02430-7ISI: 001516445500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105008973882OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-57764DiVA, id: diva2:1980092
2025-07-012025-07-012025-12-01Bibliographically approved