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Kapitalstruktur i kristider: En kvantitativ studie av europeiska finansföretag under Covid-19
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences.
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences.
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Capital structure in times of crisis : A quantitative study of the capital structure of European financial companies during the Covid-19. (English)
Abstract [en]

The Covid-19 pandemic caused major changes in the global economy. Financial companies faced higher risks, new rules and uncertainty. This emphasized the relevance of studying how their capital structure changed during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine how the capital structure has changed in Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Spain. This is conducted by analyzing listed financial companies before, during and after the Covid-19 pandemic, between the years 2018-2023. 

 A quantitative method design was employed using panel data analysis. The study investigates the relationship between capital structure and firm specific variables such as profitability, firm size, asset structure, and tax rate. Dummy variables were used to capture the pandemic period for country-specific effects. Modigliani and Miller, Trade-Off Theory, Pecking-Order Theory and Institutional Theory are all central theories in this study when analysing the change of capital structure over time. 

The results reveal a significant decrease in debt levels during the pandemic, particularly in the years 2020-2021. This supports the Trade-Off Theory, as companies reduced  financial risk in response to heightened uncertainty. The findings also highlight the relevance of institutions and country specific differences in shaping firm’s capital structure decisions. Overall, the study underlines the need for financial companies to consider external chocks in their financial strategies, as capital structure is shaped by both internal and institutional factors. 

Abstract [sv]

Covid-19 pandemin orsakade stora förändringar i den globala ekonomin. Finansiella företag stod inför högre risker, nya regler och osäkerhet. Detta betonade relevansen att studera hur deras kapitalstruktur förändrades under pandemin.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur kapitalstrukturen har förändrats i Sverige, Tyskland, Storbritannien, Schweiz och Spanien. Detta genomförs genom att analysera börsnoterade finansiella företag före, under och efter Covid-19 pandemin, mellan åren 2018-2023.

En kvantitativ metod design användes med hjälp av paneldataanalys för att utföra studien. Studien undersöker sambandet mellan kapitalstruktur och företagsspecifika variabler såsom lönsamhet, företagsstorlek, tillgångsstruktur och skattesats. Dummyvariabler användes för att fånga pandemi-perioden för landsspecifika effekter.  Modigliani och Miller, Trade-Off Theory, Pecking-Order Theory och Institutionell teori är alla centrala teorier i studien vid analys av kapitalstrukturens förändring över tid.

Resultaten visar på en betydande minskning av skuldsättningsgraden under pandemin, särskilt under åren 2020-2021. Detta ger stöd åt Trade-Off Theory, eftersom företag minskade sin finansiella risk till följd av den ökade osäkerheten. Studien betonar även betydelsen av institutionella och landsspecifika skillnader i utformningen av företagens beslut om kapitalstruktur. Sammantaget visar studien att finansiella företag bör ta hänsyn till externa chocker i sina finansieringsstrategier, eftersom kapitalstrukturen formas av både interna faktorer och institutionella förutsättningar. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 73
Keywords [en]
Capital structure, crisis, economic crisis, Covid-19, financial industry, Europe, quantitative analysis, listed companies.
Keywords [sv]
Kapitalstruktur, kris, ekonomiska kriser, Covid-19-pandemin, finansbranschen, Europa, kvantitativ analys, börsnoterade företag.
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57494OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-57494DiVA, id: diva2:1970436
Subject / course
Business Studies
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Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-17 Created: 2025-06-16 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved

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