The rise of nationalism that defines our present requires a critical analysis of the nation-state and of state violence, and points toward the urgent need for transnational forms of solidarity and community. This chapter will trace Judith Butler’s ongoing attempts to wrestle with these issues in relation to key terms from their corpus that articulate relationality across and beyond national borders, such as vulnerability, precariousness, dispossession, and cohabitation. More specifically, I will examine the influence of Jewish and Marxist thought on Butler’s work on these issues.