In this paper, I explore Jan Patoĉka’s enigmatic thesis that the the Platonic idealof care for the soul.constitutes the essence of Europe According to Patoĉka’s reading,Plato’s philosophy, in contrast to that of Democritus, is concerned first and foremostwith care for the soul, and only secondarily with ontology. Referring to Phaedo andPhilebus, I show how Patoĉka’s thesis fits well with Plato’s own understanding ofhis doctrine of ideas. I then show how this formula can be used to understand bothPatoĉka’s critique of (Post-)European modernity, and his engagement in Charta 77,as a heretical philosophy of history.