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From words to action: Lessons from active stakeholder participation in water management
Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, Miljövetenskap. KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. (Environmental Management and Assessment Research Group)
2015 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Water governance worldwide is going through a shift towards more holistic and participatory approaches. In Europe, the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) adopted in 2000, aims at protecting surface water and groundwater. The WFD emphasizes the importance of stakeholder participation in planning and implementation of the directive, and in order to reach environmental objectives. However, the empirical findings are insufficient regarding how stakeholder participation can lead to improved decisions and implemented plans. In Sweden, a major water quality problem is eutrophication caused to a large extend by diffuse nutrient leakage from agriculture. Therefore, it is important to involve farmers in water management, since their participation can lead the commitment of mitigation measures for reduced nutrient leakage. The overall aim of this study is to contribute the knowledge and understanding of active stakeholder participation in water management, in particular how it can lead to implementation of water quality objectives. The thesis addresses stakeholder participation in eutrophication management in local Swedish catchments, with a particular focus on farmers’ participation in the commitment of mitigation measures. The results are based on case study research, involving four catchment areas in Sweden with severe eutrophication problems. The thesis identified socio-demographic factors, farmers’ knowledge, and the level of existing information and economic support for wetland creation, as factors affecting farmers’ willingness to participate in wetland creation to mitigate nutrient leakage. In the local catchment groups studied, farmers and other local stakeholders participated to discuss potential mitigation activities. In these, farmers emphasized other emitting actors’ responsibility and commitment in local action plans. Where this was realized, social capital within the group increased and led to further collaboration. The thesis also analyzed large-scale wetland programmes at catchment scale, where the organizational and institutional arrangements were central to realize farmers’ participation: inter-municipal agreements entailed sufficient resources, the organization involved the most relevant actors; and leadership resources were important. The thesis argues that organizing water management at a catchment level can be important to cope with challenges related to stake-holder participation for mitigating diffuse nutrient leakage. In particular for dissemination and collection of information, suggesting potential measures for all concerned actors, provide resources needed to realize actions, and to build trust and collaboration. The thesis also emphasized that stakeholder participation has to be underpinned by a genuine meaning, both for the initiators and the participants.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 2015. , s. ix, 50
Serie
TRITA-LWR. PHD, ISSN 1650-8602 ; 2015:01
Nyckelord [en]
stakeholder participation; EU Water Framework Directive; eutrophication; catchment-based water management; agriculture.
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap
Forskningsämne
Miljövetenskapliga studier; Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27446Lokalt ID: 1169/42/2007:10ISBN: 978-91-7595-569-8 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-27446DiVA, id: diva2:811735
Disputation
2015-05-28, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 14:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Ingår i projekt
ECOPOOL - Ecosystems as common-pool resources - Implications for building sustainable water mangagement institutions in the Baltic Sea Region, Östersjöstiftelsen
Forskningsfinansiär
Östersjöstiftelsen, A058-2007Tillgänglig från: 2015-05-13 Skapad: 2015-05-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2020-07-17Bibliografiskt granskad
Delarbeten
1. Participatory Social-Ecological Modeling in Eutrophication Management: the Case of Himmerfjarden, Sweden
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Participatory Social-Ecological Modeling in Eutrophication Management: the Case of Himmerfjarden, Sweden
Visa övriga...
2011 (Engelska)Ingår i: Ecology and Society, E-ISSN 1708-3087, Vol. 16, nr 4, s. 27-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Stakeholder participation is increasingly seen as central in natural resource management. It is also required by the European Union Water Framework Directive, which identifies three levels of participation; information, consultation, and active involvement. In this paper we discuss the active involvement of stakeholders, using our experience from a case study in the Himmerfjarden region, which is a coastal area southwest of Stockholm, Sweden. Our study used the systems approach proposed by the European Union research project called Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment (SPICOSA), in which local stakeholders and a study site team constructed an integrated simulation model of a crucial coastal management issue. In this case the issue was nitrogen enrichment. We showed how stakeholder participation in the modeling process helped identify interesting and currently relevant management scenarios, and how the modeling process facilitated communication of the likely ecological, economic, and social effects of these scenarios to the stakeholders. In addition, stakeholders also reported social gains in terms of network building. We managed to actively involve local stakeholders in water issues, and the research process clearly strengthened the social capital in the Himmerfjarden region, and created a basis for future collaboration regarding water management. Our experience indicates that the approach we tried is a useful tool for promoting active stakeholder involvement in water management projects. Also, the results of our science and policy integration approach indicated that the study site team assumed a leadership role, which is a commonly recognized factor in successful natural resource management.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Resilience Alliance Publications, 2011
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16000 (URN)10.5751/ES-04394-160427 (DOI)000298841900018 ()2-s2.0-84855323090 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
ÖstersjöstiftelsenNaturvårdsverket
Tillgänglig från: 2012-04-13 Skapad: 2012-04-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-07-04Bibliografiskt granskad
2. Institutional development for stakeholder participation in local water management-An analysis of two Swedish catchments
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Institutional development for stakeholder participation in local water management-An analysis of two Swedish catchments
2015 (Engelska)Ingår i: Land use policy, ISSN 0264-8377, E-ISSN 1873-5754, Vol. 43, s. 217-227Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) promotes a change of European water governance towards increased stakeholder participation and water management according to river basins. To implement the WFD, new institutional arrangements are needed. In Sweden, water councils have been established on the local level to meet the requirements of the WFD of a broad stakeholder involvement in water management. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge on institutional arrangements for meeting the WFD requirements on stakeholder participation in local water management. A case study of two adjacent catchments in southern Sweden is presented to analyze how institutional legacy affect organizational arrangements and stakeholder participation. Based on literature studies and semi-structure interviews, the case study is analyzed with special emphasis on the scope, the organization and the activities in practical water management in catchments. The result shows different institutional arrangements for water management, despite similarities of the catchments' characteristics and the regulatory framework on national and regional level.The study identifies four important factors regarding institutional arrangements for water councils and local stakeholder participation in water management. Firstly, an organization involving key stakeholders that are committed to the scope and goals of the water council and willing to provide resources for the implementation of the planned activities. Secondly, institutional arrangements that include a willingness for flexibility and awareness of the need to include the most relevant stakeholders. Thirdly, a clear leadership to drive the process to realize the specific goals and assess the outcome. Fourthly, voluntary involvement of farmers to take part in the implementation of the measures and contribute with knowledge and experiences regarding local conditions.

Nyckelord
Adaptive management, EU Water Framework Directive, Institutional arrangements, Stakeholder participation, Water management
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap Social och ekonomisk geografi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-25489 (URN)10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.11.013 (DOI)000348885800021 ()2-s2.0-84913582855 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Östersjöstiftelsen
Tillgänglig från: 2014-12-15 Skapad: 2014-12-15 Senast uppdaterad: 2019-04-18Bibliografiskt granskad
3. Factors affecting farmers' willingness to participate in eutrophication mitigation: a case study of preferences for wetland creation in Sweden
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Factors affecting farmers' willingness to participate in eutrophication mitigation: a case study of preferences for wetland creation in Sweden
2016 (Engelska)Ingår i: Ecological Economics, ISSN 0921-8009, E-ISSN 1873-6106, Vol. 130, s. 8-15Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Local stakeholder participation in water management is emphasized in the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Wetland creation to mitigate nutrient leakage from agriculture is one example where participation of local farmers is needed. In this case study of the Himmerfjärden coastal catchment area, south of Stockholm, Sweden, we assessed both the importance of several demo-graphic factors, and of the main subsidy factors in the present Agri-Environmental Scheme (AES) for their effects on farmers’ willingness to create wetlands on their farms. The farm and farmer characteristics analyzed were age, gender, knowledge of the WFD, education, farm size, land ownership, current measures to reduce nutrient leakage and trust for other actors. The main factors from the AES were defined as five attributes in a discrete choice experiment approach related to the current agri-environmental policy instrument for wetland creation applied in the area. The results showed that approximately 30 % of the farmers were interested in wetland creation at their farms. The most common reason for not wanting to create a wetland was economic cost. Males were significantly more willing than females to create wetlands. Younger farmers were significantly more willing than older. Prior knowledge of the WFD increased willingness almost threefold, and land owners were significantly more willing than leaseholders. The choice experiment showed that higher cost ceiling for subsidies, higher compensation percentage and higher annual subsidies can significantly increase the willingness to create wetlands. However to attract also the remaining 70% of all farmers to join the AES we must look at other options than only using action based AES.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Elsevier, 2016
Nyckelord
stakeholder participation; water management; eutrophication; wetland creation; agri-environmental schemes
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap
Forskningsämne
Miljövetenskapliga studier; Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27449 (URN)10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.05.019 (DOI)000383944800002 ()2-s2.0-84978168188 (Scopus ID)1169/42/2007:10 (Lokalt ID)1169/42/2007:10 (Arkivnummer)1169/42/2007:10 (OAI)
Forskningsfinansiär
Östersjöstiftelsen, A058-2007
Anmärkning

Som manuskript i avhandling. As manuscript in dissertation.

Tillgänglig från: 2015-05-05 Skapad: 2015-05-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2020-07-17Bibliografiskt granskad
4. Involving farmers in local water eutrophication management: lessons learnt from two Swedish catchments
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Involving farmers in local water eutrophication management: lessons learnt from two Swedish catchments
(Engelska)Manuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Stakeholder participation is increasingly important in water governance worldwide. In Europe, the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires Member states to encourage the active involvement of stakeholders in planning and implementation of the WFD. In Sweden, eutrophication is one of the major water quality problems, which is primarily caused by diffuse nutrient leakage from agriculture. Farmers are, therefore, increasingly invited to participate in local water groups to discuss potential local action to mitigate nutrient leakage. This paper presents the lessons learnt from two Swedish catchments, where farmers and other local stakeholders participated in local water groups. Both catchments have severe eutrophication problems, and have been pointed out as “hot-spots” for wetland creation as mitigation measure. The overall aim of this study was to identify farmers’ primary concerns regarding local water management and wetland creation in particular. The results were based on data from meeting observation, interviews and a questionnaire. The paper identified four major aspects: (i) farmers’ concern about the commitment of other actors in local action plans; (ii) farmers desired improved information on local water management, monitoring of water quality, as well as improved information on wetland creation; (iii) farmers were concerned about phosphorus scarcity, and were interested in wetlands as phosphor traps; and, (iv) farmers requested developments in catchment-based platforms. Therefore, the paper suggests that organization of water management at catchment level could play an important role to cope with farmers’ primary concerns: Catchment platforms should disseminate information on local water management, identify information and data gaps, distribute responsibilities and commitment, enhance incentives for farmers’ commitment and enable trust-building. Consideration of these aspects could lead towards more robust forms for participation, inducing action and, consequently, improved water quality.

Nyckelord
stakeholder participation; EU Water Framework Directive; catchment-based water management; eutrophication; wetland creation.
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27452 (URN)
Anmärkning

Som manuskript i avhandling. As manuscript in dissertation.

Tillgänglig från: 2015-05-05 Skapad: 2015-05-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2019-04-18Bibliografiskt granskad

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