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To tame, empower, transgress: Imagining and practicing co-production of knowledge and action in transformations to sustainability
Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science. Södertörn University, Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES), Baltic & East European Graduate School (BEEGS).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1902-008X
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda calls for “transforming our world”, spurring demands for environmental knowledge such as climate models, carbon budgets, and policy roadmaps. Simultaneously, sustainability governance has increasingly promoted co-produced, actionable science involving diverse societal actors. Yet progress towards global sustainability goals remains limited. Why does more collaborative knowledge not necessarily result in transformative action? This thesis argues that the answer lies in prevailing knowledge politics, which often treats knowledge as technical expertise and power as the capacity to implement it. Such a view obscures the complex ways in which knowledge and action are co-created. To address this limitation, the thesis develops more nuanced understandings of power, knowledge, and their interrelations. It argues that co-production does not automatically generate transformation because it is shaped by contested knowledge-power relations. Drawing on co-production as an idiom, the thesis examines how co-production as practice is imagined and performed, and how these imaginaries enable or constrain pathways towards contextually envisioned sustainability futures. Empirically, the thesis analyses sustainability knowledge production and use across Swedish sustainability and research policies, two transdisciplinary research programmes, and the Russian climate lawsuit before the European Court of Human Rights. While these arenas are informed by dominant imaginaries of knowledge and sustainability, actors reinterpret and contest them in ways that produce diverse forms of action, from ocean science initiatives to climate justice claims. By examining these encounters as political spaces where knowledge and action meet, the thesis explores how co-production can both support and hinder transformative change towards sustainability.

Abstract [sv]

Förenta nationernas Agenda 2030 för hållbar utveckling är en uppmaning att ’omvandla vår värld’. Denna transformationsdiskurs, som förordas på internationella och nationella nivåer inom hållbarhetsstyrning, ger upphov till en omfattande produktion av miljökunskap: tekniska färdplaner, koldioxidbudgetar, klimatmodeller och liknande. Under de senaste två decennierna har det dessutom skett en diskursiv och institutionell förskjutning mot användbar och handlingsinriktad vetenskap som samproduceras med samhälleliga aktörer. Trots denna tillväxt av kunskap och samarbetsinsatser är framstegen mot de globala hållbarhetsmålen begränsade. Detta väcker en central fråga: varför leder inte mer samarbetsbaserad kunskap alltid till transformativ handling? Avhandlingen argumenterar för att en viktig förklaring ligger i rådande kunskapspolitik, där kunskap förstås som teknisk miljöexpertis och makt som den politiska viljan att omsätta denna expertis i praktiken. Detta perspektiv fångar inte hållbarhetsstyrningens komplexa verklighet, och satsningen på samproduktion och handlingsinriktad vetenskap tycks i begränsad utsträckning ha utmanat denna förståelse.

Som ett sätt att bemöta denna missuppfattning om relationen mellan kunskap och handling undersöker avhandlingen mer nyanserade förståelser av makt, kunskap och kunskapspolitik. Den tecknar en mer komplex bild av hur kunskap och handling samskapas av en mångfald samhälleliga aktörer som arbetar mot kontextbundna och kollektiva visioner om hållbarhet. Avhandlingen argumenterar för att samproduktion, som en praktik som främjas av forskningsfinansiärer för att stimulera framväxten av handlingsrelevant kunskap producerad på demokratiska och ansvarsfulla sätt, inte automatiskt leder till samhällelig omvandling. Orsaken är att denna praktik formas av komplexa sammanflätningar mellan kunskap och makt. För att problematisera samproduktion som praktik använder avhandlingen det teoretiska perspektivet samproduktion som idiom. Samproduktion som praktik syftar på kunskap och handling som kollektivt produceras av olika aktörer med ambitionen att åstadkomma förändring i riktning mot deras respektive hållbarhetsvisioner. Samproduktion som idiom undersöker relationen mellan kunskap och makt. Genom detta teoretiska perspektiv analyseras hur samproduktion som praktik föreställs och genomförs samt vilka transformativa vägar mot kontextuellt definierad hållbarhet den möjliggör eller förhindrar.

Empiriskt undersöker avhandlingen policy och praktik kring produktion och användning av hållbarhetsrelaterad kunskap. Detta innefattar svensk hållbarhets- och forskningspolitik, två transdisciplinära forskningsprogram (ett svenskt och ett internationellt) samt den ryska klimatprocessen i Europadomstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna. Dessa samproduktionspraktiker och styrformer präglas av dominerande politiska föreställningar om kunskap och hållbarhet. Samtidigt skapar olika samhällsaktörer mångtydiga och situationsbundna tolkningar av dessa föreställningar, vilket ger upphov till en mångfald av handlingsorienterade havsvetenskapliga projekt, ifrågasättanden av klimatomställningens politik inom forskningsprogram och radikala föreställningar om klimaträttvisa formulerade av civilsamhället. Syftet med analyserna är att undersöka olika samproduktionsarenor och samproduktionsmöten som politiska rum där kunskap och handlingmöts. Ambitionen är att identifiera hur dessa rum kan stödja, eller misslyckas med att stödja, transformativ samhällsförändring i riktning mot hållbarhet. Det empiriska materialets bredd möjliggör nya förståelser av hur samproduktion kan föreställas och praktiseras längs olika maktdimensioner och vilka konsekvenser dessa föreställningar och praktiker kan få i relation till ambitionen att förändra hållbarhetsstyrning.

Avhandlingen ansluter till litteratur om hållbarhetsomställningar och hållbarhetstransformationer, hållbarhetsvetenskap samt gränsytor mellan vetenskap och politik inom miljöområdet. För att hantera den begränsade teoretiseringen av relationen mellan makt och kunskap inom dessa forskningsfält utvecklar avhandlingen ett teoretiskt ramverk för att förstå de relationella och processuella sätt på vilka makt verkar i samproduktionen av kunskap och handling. Genom det idiomatiska perspektivet på samproduktion, förstått som samutveckling av kunskap och makt, visar avhandlingen att samarbetsprocesser mellan samhällsaktörer ofta ger begränsade resultat på grund av hur olika former av makt verkar på olika styrningsnivåer. Studien identifierar tre former av samproduktion: tämjd, (o)myndiggörande och transgressiv. Den visar hur dessa former fungerar i olika sammanhang, från policy till aktivism, och hur de skapar såväl begränsningar som möjligheter för förändring. Samproduktion framträder därmed inte som en metod utan som en dynamisk och kontextberoende praktik som, när den genomförs på ett kritiskt och reflexivt sätt, kan främja transformativa relationer mellan kunskap och handling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2026. , p. 201
Series
Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations, ISSN 1652-7399 ; 265
Keywords [en]
Knowledge politics, co-production, sustainability science, science-policy interfaces, sustainability transformations, environmental governance, power, political imagination, prefigurative politics, participation, deliberative democracy, citizens' assemblies, trade unions, just transitions, epistemic justice, climate justice
Keywords [sv]
Kunskapspolitik, samverkan, hållbarhetsvetenskap, vetenskapspolitiska gränsytor, hållbarhetsomställningar, miljöstyrning, makt, politiska föreställningar, prefigurativ politik, deltagande, deliberativ demokrati, medborgarförsamlingar, fackföreningar, rättvisa omställningar, epistemisk rättvisa, klimaträttvisa
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Research subject
Environmental Studies; Baltic and East European studies; EcoJust -Ecologically and Socially Just Sustainability Transformations
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-61423ISBN: 978-91-89962-89-7 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89962-90-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-61423DiVA, id: diva2:2102568
Public defence
2026-11-27, MA648, Alfred Nobels Allé 7, Huddinge, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European StudiesAvailable from: 2026-09-25 Created: 2026-09-18 Last updated: 2026-09-28Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Co-producing ‘The Future(s) We Want’: How does political imagination translate into democratised knowledge-action models for sustainability transformations?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Co-producing ‘The Future(s) We Want’: How does political imagination translate into democratised knowledge-action models for sustainability transformations?
2023 (English)In: Environmental Science and Policy, ISSN 1462-9011, E-ISSN 1873-6416, Vol. 144, p. 162-173Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Democratic societies face the challenge of effecting sustainability transformations, allowing for variously imagined futures and underpinned by a diversity of practices of knowledge production and action. This article investigates how political imagination of sustainable futures informs the ways knowledge and action are understood and linked in sustainability and research policy, and what potential implications this has for democratic transformative change. Empirically, the article analyses the overarching sustainability and research policies in Sweden, focusing on the central documents produced by the government and public research financiers. The analysis shows parallels between the conceptualisations of sustainability and knowledge-action, characterised by linearity, instrumentalisation of knowledge and circumscription of power-sharing spaces for knowledge creation against the background of endorsement of collaborations between academia and society. Such conceptualisations, apart from sending mixed signals to sustainability researchers and practitioners, potentially enable knowledge and action processes driven by impact, competitiveness and atomisation, precluding the exercise of the intrinsic value of democratic knowledge and action practices necessary for reflexive governance of transformations towards sustainability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Co-production, Democracy, Environmental governance, Knowledge politics, Science-policy interface, Sweden, article, exercise, government, human, human experiment, imagination, organization, physician, politics
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Environmental Studies; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-51351 (URN)10.1016/j.envsci.2023.03.018 (DOI)000967583000001 ()2-s2.0-85151458236 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies
Available from: 2023-04-18 Created: 2023-04-18 Last updated: 2026-09-22Bibliographically approved
2. Towards 'the science we need for the ocean we want': revealing and addressing power relations in knowledge-action co-production practices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards 'the science we need for the ocean we want': revealing and addressing power relations in knowledge-action co-production practices
2025 (English)In: Maritime Studies, ISSN 1872-7859, E-ISSN 2212-9790, Vol. 24, no 3, article id 45Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

International research programs have endorsed knowledge co-production to enhance the utility and impact of global environmental change research. However, knowledge co-production frequently overlooks the complex interrelations between knowledge and power that permeate transdisciplinary sustainability research (TDSR). We analyse how power relations in transdisciplinary ocean governance projects form research agendas and design of six projects within the Belmont Collaborative Research Action on Ocean Sustainability, representing a broad set of experiences of transdisciplinary marine sustainability research practice spanning a wide set of sustainability issues and geopolitical contexts. We examine how distinctive forms of power shape the ways in which researchers envision socio-environmental change and transdisciplinary work within a spectrum of knowledge-action practices ranging from 'linear' to 'relational'. Our findings highlight the need for a deeper engagement with theories of change throughout the lifespans of transdisciplinary projects. Furthermore, the results point at constraints imposed by existing funding structures and epistemic assumptions on the ability of the projects to adopt relational transdisciplinary co-production research strategies, tailored to specific ocean contexts. We recommend adaptive funding structures which would allow researchers to exercise co-production agility and overcome the tension between the needs for embeddedness and transferability of insights. Finally, we show how the three forms of power interact in the linear and relational models of linking knowledge and action and suggest areas where researchers need to direct their attention when designing and implementing transdisciplinary projects aiming to promote sustainability action in close collaboration with societal actors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
Keywords
Sustainability transformations, Science-policy interface, Sustainability science, Participation, Actionable science
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Research subject
Environmental Studies; EcoJust -Ecologically and Socially Just Sustainability Transformations
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57895 (URN)10.1007/s40152-025-00439-8 (DOI)001529556300001 ()2-s2.0-105010123223 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European StudiesSwedish Research Council Formas, 2020–02234_3
Note

Also funded by: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, grant number 03F0856A. 

Available from: 2025-08-19 Created: 2025-08-19 Last updated: 2026-09-22Bibliographically approved
3. To speak truth as, with, and through power: Co-producing knowledge politics of a just transition with Swedish citizens and trade unions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>To speak truth as, with, and through power: Co-producing knowledge politics of a just transition with Swedish citizens and trade unions
2025 (English)In: Environmental Science and Policy, ISSN 1462-9011, E-ISSN 1873-6416, Vol. 171, article id 104166Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Just transitions necessitate democratic interfaces where knowledge and action are co-produced by researchers and societal actors. However, the risk of delegitimisation due to being seen as politically involved makes co-production of research with non-academic actors an Augean undertaking for researchers. Co-production efforts have been critiqued for inattention to relational and power dynamics and reproduction of simplistic linear models of connecting knowledge to action – ‘speaking truth to power’. Such critique necessitates nuancing the understandings of co-production and the relationship of truth and power it generates. To this end, this paper investigates how two understandings of co-production, as a collaborative process and a sociopolitical phenomenon, are connected in praxis through a layer of normative ideals and theories of societal change held by researchers and societal actors. This connection is explored through the analysis of two knowledge-action interfaces: the climate citizens’ assembly and the training programme for trade union executives run by a Swedish policy-relevant research programme. The two interfaces explicate the complexity of knowledge politics aimed at democratically embedding scientific research in a political conjuncture which is not conducive to ambitious climate policy. The challenges facing the researchers are the clashing ideas of justice, sectoral and political heterogeneity of trade unions, polarisation, and climate backlash. They try to overcome these through designing processes where the ideas of truth are complexly connected to various forms of power: speaking truth as, with, and through power. The paper opens the black box of co-production, showing how research shapes and is shaped by norms, values, and theories of societal change of the different actors involved in the process, and how co-production is structured and legitimised in response to its sociopolitical context.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
Climate Policy, Deliberative Mini-publics, Science-policy Interface, Social Studies Of Science, Sustainability Science, Sustainability Transformations, Climate Change, Environmental Policy, Heterogeneity, Spatiotemporal Analysis, Trade Union, Training, Article, Climate, Democracy, Human, Justice, Knowledge, Policy, Politics, Sweden, Swedish Citizen, Truth Disclosure
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Research subject
EcoJust -Ecologically and Socially Just Sustainability Transformations; Environmental Studies; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57906 (URN)10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104166 (DOI)001548854000001 ()2-s2.0-105010850840 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, DIA 2019/28Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021–00416The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies
Available from: 2025-08-20 Created: 2025-08-20 Last updated: 2026-09-22Bibliographically approved
4. On the climate justice front: Co-producing prefigurative politics in 'Ecodefence! and others vs. Russia' climate case in the European Court of Human Rights
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the climate justice front: Co-producing prefigurative politics in 'Ecodefence! and others vs. Russia' climate case in the European Court of Human Rights
2026 (English)In: Environmental Politics, ISSN 0964-4016, E-ISSN 1743-8934Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

While some have welcomed climate litigation as a potential instrument for climate justice, others have dissmissed courts as a futile weapon against the carbon economies in which they are embedded. This paper investigates a paradigmatic case filed by Russian civil society against Russia in the European Court of Human Rights. It asks: Why pursue climate litigation against an authoritarian regime that is unlikely to implement an international court decision, at the risk of personal persecution? The paper theorises the Russian case as co-production of prefigurative legality. It explores how the political significance of strategic climate litigation is co-produced by involved actors, and what futures, normative principles, subjectivities, political messages, and knowledges the case generates and is shaped by. The paper contributes to an understanding of climate litigation as a practice of democratic resistance in authoritarian contexts and a technique of just future-making.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2026
Keywords
Co-production, climate mitigation, social movements, sustainability, transformations, climate litigation
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Research subject
Environmental Studies; Baltic and East European studies; EcoJust -Ecologically and Socially Just Sustainability Transformations
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-59547 (URN)10.1080/09644016.2026.2648375 (DOI)001726732300001 ()2-s2.0-105034017390 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies
Available from: 2026-04-10 Created: 2026-04-10 Last updated: 2026-09-22Bibliographically approved

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Sokolova, Tatiana

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5678910119 of 11
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