The biblical creation narrative in the Book of Genesis has had a central role in influencing modern Christian theological discussion on cosmology, God’s role as creator and human responsibility. Despite the theological significance of the creation narrative, there is no unified interpretation of the creation account. Instead, modern theologians offer varied and sometimes contrasting perspectives that are rooted in different theological traditions. 

The aim of this study is to examine and compare how two influential modern Christian theologians, Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) and Jürgen Moltmann interpret the biblical creation narrative. The study focuses on the following questions: What is God’s role as Creator? What arises through the process of creation and what does it lead to? What is humanity’s place and responsibility within creation in relation to God? To answer these questions, the study conducts a qualitative content analysis of Ratzinger’s work In the Beginning…: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall (1995) and Moltmann’s work God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God (1985). The analysis is guided by the theoretical framework, which consists of key concepts from systematic theology. 

The findings show that Ratzinger presents a Christocentric interpretation of the creation narrative, in which creation is rooted in God’s Logos and finds its ultimate fulfillment in Christ. In contrast, Moltmann emphasizes a trinitarian and ecological understanding of creation, in which he highlights God’s immanent presence through the Holy Spirit and the responsibility that humans have to live in harmony with all creation. Simultaneously, the comparative analysis shows that the theologians agree on certain points, such as that creation is an intentional and meaningful act of God.