This study investigates the interplay of socioeconomic, cultural, and climatic factors influencing migration in Malawi's Zomba district, using the New Economic Labour Migration theory framework. Through semi-structured interviews, the research reveals the significant role of variables such as income, education, access to healthcare, and social support networks in shaping migration decisions. Additionally, climatic disruptions, including floods, droughts, and heatwaves, exacerbate vulnerabilities, particularly for rural farming communities, where livelihoods depend heavily on stable weather patterns. These factors compel some individuals to migrate in search of better opportunities, while others adapt. The findings emphasize the critical role of government support in enabling adaptation and mitigating migration pressures. Key interventions include establishing early warning systems for climate-related disasters, generating employment opportunities, and providing education on climate action, sustainable agriculture, and land management. Women, in particular, face disproportionate burdens when men migrate for income, assuming extensive household responsibilities, including managing farms, livestock, and caregiving roles for families.

This study underscores the profound impact of climate change as a driver of migration and highlights the need for government interventions to empower communities. By addressing these interconnected challenges, the findings suggest that vulnerable populations can adapt, and survive, despite facing some of the harshest conditions brought about by socioeconomic inequalities and environmental change.