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Title [sv]
Fotografisk realism i den digitala tidsåldern. Bildjournalistik och visuell litteracitet i Ryssland och Sverige
Title [en]
Photographic realism in the digital media age. Photojournalism and visual literacy in Russia and Sweden
Abstract [en]
With today’s digital technology and online environments the photojournalistic profession is challenged. Even if both amateur pictures and photo manipulation have a long history in journalism, the situation is so different today that some scholars have compared it to a paradigmatic shift. One aspect of this shift is spread of “citizen photojournalism” and immediacy of circulation, another is that the easiness for post-production has made photo manipulation more of a rule than an exception. Moreover, we live in a time when social media has become a central news source and where there is a widespread mistrust in facts and elites. These factors challenge the professional photojournalist’s way of representing the world, anchored in realism and objectivity. The aim with this suggested project is to investigate these challenges with departure from education for photojournalists in Russia and Sweden. Programs for photojournalism education are sites where future professional photographers, teachers and experienced photojournalists meet and where discourses and practices around photographic realism take shape. The research project combines theories about photographic truth, research around photojournalism and journalistic cultures, with research about visual literacy. It is a comparative project which takes departure from two very different journalistic cultures when it comes to approaches towards objectivity and realism. The choice of very different contexts can reveal differences that challenge claims of universality, but also show similarities which indicates transnational processes. The overriding research questions are: How is photographic realism understood in the contexts of photojournalism education in Russia and Sweden, and how can that be related to perceptions of objectivity? What aspects of visual literacy are considered important for the future photojournalist in order to reach and engage audiences? What are the differences and similarities between photojournalism educations in the two countries and how can they be explained? The project highlight practices and discourses around the possibilities and limitations of photojournalism when it comes to trustworthy insights about the current state of society in an era characterized by “post-truths” and “alternative facts”. This is an important knowledge if photographs are understood as a central resource in today’s visual culture for transmitting values and beliefs in societies.
Publications (5 of 5) Show all publications
Åker, P. (2025). Photography and reality: Reflections around the role of the photographer among photo students in Russia and Sweden. Visual Studies, 1-12
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Photography and reality: Reflections around the role of the photographer among photo students in Russia and Sweden
2025 (English)In: Visual Studies, ISSN 1472-586X, E-ISSN 1472-5878, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

The aim of this article is to understand how students at schools for photojournalism and documentary photography understand photography's relation to reality. Theoretical discussions on the digitalisation of photography and related technological developments over the last 30 years have often highlighted that the relationship of photography to reality has fundamentally changed and with it the role of the photographer. To investigate this, this study uses focus group interviews, conducted between 2018 and 2020, with young adults ('digital natives') at schools for photojournalism and documentary photography from two countries - Russia and Sweden - with very different historical traditions of practising photography. Photo schools are interesting as sites because they may provide a freer space to discuss and challenge conventions around how to practice photography, outside of professional constrains. However, when the students reflect upon photography, technology, and the role of the photographer, it is not centred around the digital photograph. Understood as a remediation process, the photo students invest the 'new' medium (the digital photograph) with certain assumed qualities of the 'old' one (analogue photograph). The dominant understanding of photography is rooted in the history of photography and, despite the two distinct national contexts, has more similarities than differences.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2025
National Category
Media and Communication Studies Photography
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-57614 (URN)10.1080/1472586X.2025.2510318 (DOI)001504885300001 ()2-s2.0-105007641470 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 22-PR2-0005
Available from: 2025-06-23 Created: 2025-06-23 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved
Voronova, L. (2025). “Spectrum Professionals” and Subjective Authors: Training the Photographic “I” for Meaningful Storytelling Beyond the Fields. Journalism Practice, 1-21
Open this publication in new window or tab >>“Spectrum Professionals” and Subjective Authors: Training the Photographic “I” for Meaningful Storytelling Beyond the Fields
2025 (English)In: Journalism Practice, ISSN 1751-2786, E-ISSN 1751-2794, p. 1-21Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2025
Keywords
art, documentary photography, field of practice, photography, photojournalism, professionalism, spectrum, students
National Category
Media and Communication Studies Visual Arts
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Critical and Cultural Theory; Contested Democracy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-56275 (URN)10.1080/17512786.2025.2452327 (DOI)001407106900001 ()2-s2.0-85216181262 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 2017-0067
Available from: 2025-01-29 Created: 2025-01-29 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved
Voronova, L. (2024). ‘This profession is not doomed’: photography educators and students re-evaluating professionalism in the digital attention economy. Media practice and education
Open this publication in new window or tab >>‘This profession is not doomed’: photography educators and students re-evaluating professionalism in the digital attention economy
2024 (English)In: Media practice and education, ISSN 2574-1136Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Today the boundaries between professional and amateur photography are increasingly blurred. The ubiquity of amateur images raises concerns about the field's ‘de-professionalisation’ [e.g. Good and Lowe 2017; Josephi and O’Donnell 2023; Mäenpää 2023b; Nilsson 2021). This article explores perspectives on professionalism and non-professionalism from educators and students enrolled in full-time photojournalism and documentary photography programmes in Russia and Sweden. Through individual interviews and focus groups, this study shows that photography educators and their students are responding to the challenges of ‘de-professionalisation’ by seeking to better navigate the digital attention economy. They suggest to re-evaluate professionalism in photography through feelings, meaning-making and a ‘(r)evolution’ of photographic practice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2024
Keywords
educators, students, photography, professionalism, revaluation
National Category
Media and Communication Studies Educational Sciences
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Critical and Cultural Theory; Studies in the Educational Sciences; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-55807 (URN)10.1080/25741136.2024.2434597 (DOI)2-s2.0-85211592111 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 2017-0067
Available from: 2024-12-06 Created: 2024-12-06 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved
Åker, P. & Voronova, L. (2020). Framtidens bildjournalist blickarbortom journalistiken. In: Elin Gardeström & Hanna Sofia Rehnberg (Ed.), Vad är journalistik?: En antologi av journalistiklärare på Södertörns högskola (pp. 111-123). Huddinge: Södertörns högskola
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Framtidens bildjournalist blickarbortom journalistiken
2020 (Swedish)In: Vad är journalistik?: En antologi av journalistiklärare på Södertörns högskola / [ed] Elin Gardeström & Hanna Sofia Rehnberg, Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2020, p. 111-123Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2020
Series
Journalistikstudier vid Södertörns högskola ; 12
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40498 (URN)978-91-88663-98-6 (ISBN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 67/2017
Available from: 2020-04-08 Created: 2020-04-08 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved
Åker, P. & Voronova, L. (2018). Фотографический реализм» в эпоху цифровых медиа: фотожурналистика и визуальная грамотность в России и Швеции. In: Vartanova, E.L., Zassoursky, Y.N. et al. (Ed.), ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА В 2017 ГОДУ [Journalism in 2017]: творчество, профессия, индустрия : материалы международной научно-практической конференции москва, 5-7 февраля 2018 г.[Art, Profession, Industry: Materials Of The International Scientific-Practical Conference]. Paper presented at Journalism in 2017: art, profession, industry. Moscow, 5-7 February, 2018 (pp. 131-132). Moscow: MediaMir, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Фотографический реализм» в эпоху цифровых медиа: фотожурналистика и визуальная грамотность в России и Швеции
2018 (Russian)In: ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА В 2017 ГОДУ [Journalism in 2017]: творчество, профессия, индустрия : материалы международной научно-практической конференции москва, 5-7 февраля 2018 г.[Art, Profession, Industry: Materials Of The International Scientific-Practical Conference] / [ed] Vartanova, E.L., Zassoursky, Y.N. et al., Moscow: MediaMir, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University , 2018, p. 131-132Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [ru]

С развитием цифровых технологий и онлайн-среды профессии фотожурналистов был брошен вызов. Несмотря на то, что использование любительских фотографий, монтаж и редактирование изображений появились в журналистике не сегодня, по мнению некоторых исследователей, нынешняя ситуация позволяет говорить не просто об изменениях, а о смене парадигм (Solaroli 2015). Одним из аспектов смены парадигм является распространенность гражданской фотожурналистики и моментальность распространения снимков; другим – легкость пост-продакшна, где редактирование фотографий является скорее правилом, чем исключением (Stiegler 2002, Van Dijck 2008). Более того, мы живем в эпоху, когда социальные медиа стали центральным источником новостей, что привело ко все возрастающему недоверию к фактам и элитам. Эти факторы бросают вызов профессиональному журналистскому сообществу и его методам освещения ситуации в мире, идеалам объективности и реалистичности (Mäenpää 2014). Тем не менее, среди множества голосов в цифровом медиа-ландшафте остается необходимость в профессиональном фотографе как надежном источнике интерпретации реальности (Åker 2012).

В эпоху “пост-правды” и “альтернативных” фактов особенно важно понимать возможности и ограничения фотожурналистики в том, что касается правдивого освещения общественной ситуации. В данной презентации мы представляем исследовательский проект, целью которого является изучение изменений и вызовов профессии. Объектом исследования являются образовательные программы для будущих фотожурналистов в России и Швеции. Данные программы представляют собой пространство, в котором будущие профессиональные фотографы, преподаватели и опытные фотографы встречаются и формируют дискурсы и практики «фотографического реализма» (Schiller 1977, Barnhurst & Nerone 2000). Для их изучения мы используем теории о фотографической правдивости, культурах (фото)журналистики и визуальной грамотности (Messaris 1998, 2012). Сравнительный исследовательский проект отталкивается от предыдущих исследований, демонстрирующих, что российская и шведская журналистские культуры отличаются в подходах к объективности и реалистичности (Nygren et al 2015, Voronova 2014). Выбор данных двух контекстов может помочь в поиске как отличий, которые бросают вызов представлениям об универсальности журналистских идеалов, так и схожих характеристик.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Moscow: MediaMir, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University, 2018
Keywords
фотожурналистика, образование, Россия, Швеция, реалистичность, реализм
National Category
Media and Communication Studies
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Critical and Cultural Theory
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34672 (URN)
Conference
Journalism in 2017: art, profession, industry. Moscow, 5-7 February, 2018
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 3056901
Note

ISBN: 978-5-91177-099-5

Available from: 2018-02-26 Created: 2018-02-26 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved
Principal InvestigatorÅker, Patrik
Co-InvestigatorVoronova, Liudmila
Coordinating organisation
Södertörn University
Funder
Period
2018-01-01 - 2020-12-31
Keywords [sv]
Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning
Keywords [en]
Baltic and East European studies
National Category
Media Studies
Identifiers
DiVA, id: project:1813Project, id: 67/2017_OSS

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