The End of Programming workshop brought together researchers and practitioners to explore alternative futures of programming in the age of generative AI. The workshop aimed to provoke critical and creative rethinking of how programming could evolve in a future where co-creating with AI becomes commonplace, as a way to move beyond improving usefulness and performance in current AI-supported tools and practices.

Participants were invited to speculate on new forms of interaction, challenge established roles and expressions in programming, and consider how AI might engage a broader range of human skills, values, and ways of knowing. Contributions spanned empirical studies, speculative prototypes, and conceptual re-framings — each reflecting on what it means to “program” when language models act not just as tools, but as conversational and generative partners. Through this, the workshop opened a space for reimagining programming practices beyond traditional modalities and toward more expressive, collaborative, and challenging forms of co-authorship with AI.

In this workshop we investigate “alternative futures” of programming with generative-AI tools. The workshop aims to establish a strand of HCI research on the future of AI-supported programming that goes beyond the current focus on usability and performance of GenAI-assisted programming tools, to instead explore radical re-conceptualizations of co-coding and co-creation with AI. The workshop is open to researchers and practitioners engaged in critically exploring novel ways of coding and interacting with AI-based programming tools. We encourage speculative design inquiries exploring prototypes, and provocations that facilitate engagement with a wider spectrum of human skills, experiences and ways of knowing when programming with AI. The workshop welcomes contributions that i) present examples of novel interaction, empirical studies or prototypes of AI-based programming, ii) re-conceptualize how programming with AI-based tools may be conducted and designed for, iii) reflect on values and ethical challenges of AI-based programming.

Internet and increased datafication, signify a new era for civic society. Social media, fundraising tools, digital petitions, social media analytics, greatly facilitate the ability to activate, organize and raise public opinion. At the same time, the technology entails algorithmic surveillance and risks of being exposed to threats and hatred. For people at risk, undocumented refugees or people with protected identity, the lack of digital infrastructures also means great difficulties. While research points to these opportunities and risks, there is lack of research on how civic society deals with the increased datafication, and what methods, tools, and strategies are used on the field. The purpose of this workshop is therefore to gather researchers who investigate the impact of digitalization on civil society, both for established NGOs and informal activism.

This paper analyses some aspects of the profound shifts in programming practice and education about bythe advent of generative AI (GenAI). As GenAI tools become increasingly integrated into programmingenvironments, they offer an approach to programming that bypasses significant aspects of the meticuloussyntax-focused processes inherent in traditional programming. Instead, these tools enable a moreimmediate transition from problem articulation to automated solution generation, reducing the need fortraditional forms of iterative problem-solving and careful focus on coding details. This paradigm shiftnot only challenges the foundational skills taught in programming education but also raises ethical concernsregarding aspects such as interpretability, authorship and accountability of the produced code. Thisinvolves a reevaluation of programming education and practice, suggesting a need for a reorientation toemphasise ethical and interpretative skills in programming with GenAI. Based on a series of studieson GenAI-supported programming, this paper highlights aspects relating to control, agency, and designfor ethical deliberation in the evolving practices of programming with GenAI. To move towards suchpractice, we propose a set of design challenges based on the concept of "Craft Ethics," which emphasizesvirtue, quality, and a thoughtful approach to programming and design. These challenges integratetraditional craftsmanship values into GenAI practices, ensuring that the ethical and qualitative aspectsof programming are renewed and enhanced.

Generative machine learning models provide opportunities to support design work in various parts of the design process. This study investigates how generative machine learning and large language models may play a part in creative design processes of ideation, early prototyping and sketching. A workshop was conducted in which design practitioners and design researchers developed design concepts for a provided design case, with the help of GPT-3. The findings point to three main themes, including i) the practical usefulness and limitations of the system in design ideation processes, ii) how the form of user interaction shapes users' expectations of the system's capabilities and potentials, and iii), how the broader discourse around AI both limits and enables how co-creative processes involving human and AI unfolds. The discussion outlines design implications and alternative framings of this kind of co-creative design practices based on post-human perspectives on design and technology use.

Waste management in urban areas is a complex process, encompassing a variety of activities (e.g., acquiring, sorting, disposing), actors (e.g., single individuals, waste collectors, condominium associations), and capacities (e.g., from household recycling stations to physical infrastructures such as recycling and sorting facilities). Whereas previous HCI design research has tackled problems with waste management from an individual, behavioral change perspective, we approach this design space through a feminist ecological design perspective of Digital Environmental Stewardship. Through a combination of qualitative empirical data and materials generated at design workshops, we outline challenges related to waste management in a complex of five multi-apartment buildings. We propose a number of design explorations addressing such challenges, and reflect on the generative role of the DES framework in framing design from a collective and ecological perspective.

This paper presents a study of a group of university students using generative machine learning to translate from natural language to computer code. The study explores how the use of the AI tool can be understood in terms of co-creation, focusing on the one hand on how the tool may serve as a resource for understanding and learning, and on the other hand how the tool affects the creative processes. Findings show how the participants search for a 'correct' syntax in their instructions to the machine learning tool, and how the inconsistent and erroneous behavior can work as a way to generate clues and inspiration for generating creative expressions. The notion of friction is used to describe how systems like this can serve to both lower thresholds for programming, and also interfere with the creative processes, encouraging reflection and exploration of alternative solutions.

As digital fabrication machines have become more accessible and widely available, practitioners in maker communities have become increasingly responsive to the opportunities to achieve bespoke modifications, known colloquially as modding'. Drawing on interviews with five experienced makers who engage in modding a laser cutter, along with ethnographic observations of maker-machine interactions, we analyse makers' experiences and war stories' to frame modding as a prevalent but less explored maker activity. We highlight how makers care for machines, how they cope with risks when engaging in modding, and how mods are essentially creative projects. Based on our findings, we present the conceptualisation of the pliable machine' - a socio-technical system constituted by, (1) an accessible machine that can be altered, (2) maker skills that go beyond intended use, and (3) a surrounding maker culture' of caring, sharing and experimentation. Treating the machine as a material offers an alternative perspective on our interactions with technology; we show how the laser cutter becomes pliable in the hands of those who mod.

A set of prominent designers embarked on a research journey to explore aesthetics in movement-based design. Here we unpack one of the design sensitivities unique to our practice: a strong first person perspective-where the movements, somatics and aesthetic sensibilities of the designer, design researcher and user are at the forefront. We present an annotated portfolio of design exemplars and a brief introduction to some of the design methods and theory we use, together substantiating and explaining the first-person perspective. At the same time, we show how this felt dimension, despite its subjective nature, is what provides rigor and structure to our design research. Our aim is to assist researchers in soma-based design and designers wanting to consider the multiple facets when designing for the aesthetics of movement. The applications span a large field of designs, including slow introspective, contemplative interactions, arts, dance, health applications, games, work applications and many others.