In the early 2020s, a quarter of the population in both Germany and Sweden had a migrant background. Post-migrants are increasingly claiming the right to participate in the public sphere by producing their own media, which mainstream media (MSM) rarely recognize. This study used the theoretical concept of voice and listening to analyze German and Swedish podcasts that deal with issues of life in a post-migrant society. Which frames are privileged in these podcasts? How do corporate media respond to these media productions? Through the generic frames of human interest and responsibility, the podcasters draw attention to the living conditions of marginalized people, which they argue have an impact on society as a whole. In particular, the recurring theme of racism in society has provoked a certain response from the mainstream media, i.e. the inclusion of these issues in media coverage and the podcasters in MSM production.

This chapter takes as its point of departure a significant book that has inspired media and communication studies even though it treats issues of information and communication from a mathematical and technical angle. This chapter introduces Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s communication theory and its central concepts, which have been especially important in the field of media and communication studies, including the now-common terms information, selection, uncertainty and the (im)probability of communication. This chapter first reviews the mathematical theory of communication, as formulated by Shannon, and the additions provided by Weaver; it then briefly presents the criticism against this theory and how the theory has been used and further developed in fields such as cybernetics and systems theory.

Det här kapitlet behandlar journalistik och etnisk mångfald ur ett medietext- och produktionsperspektiv. Kapitlet inkluderar inte etniska minoriteters reception av olika sorters medietexter.

Begreppet ”etnicitet” syftar på olika härkomst än den egna gruppen, som i detta kapitel är den nationella majoritetsgruppen. Som samlingsbegrepp används numera begreppet ”personer med utländsk bakgrund”, vilket avser personer som är utrikesfödda eller födda i Sverige med minst en utrikes född förälder (DS 2000:43). Framför allt i samband med forskningens historik inkluderas i kapitlet också nationella minoriteter, vilka fick officiellt erkännande i Sverige först 1999.

Fokus ligger på etnisk mångfald samt på nyhetsjournalistik i tv, radio och press. Därmed avgränsar sig kapitlet från frågor kring exempelvis kulturell mångfald, kön, funktionsnedsättning, sexuell läggning och ålder.

Efter en överblick över de mest relevanta teorierna och internationell forskning om journalistik och etnisk mångfald ges en mer detaljerad och kronologisk överblick över svensk forskning om ämnet.

At times of medialization, there is a  low threshold for producing media content. A plethora of media productions have arisen where immigrants and their descendants create addressable spaces. The challenge for today’s marginalized communities is not necessarily being denied a communication channel but rather an audience that listens. This article explores how post-migrant voices, consisting of an example from a German podcast, are made relevant in the public sphere by looking at connecting communications from corporate media. Considering the news media logic is asuccessful strategy to get attention from legacy media. The podcasts’ treatment of the topic of racism offers connectivity possibilities in terms of novelty, proximity, conflict, and personalization. The podcast also functions as a rich source for corporate media.

This article examines the entanglement between refugees’ Internet use and their present living conditions of resettlement in Sweden and Germany. It seeks to provide a new perspective by applying the operational concept of expectation as developed by Niklas Luhmann. Expectations emerge in the interplay between the user and the materiality as well as functionality of media technologies that are embedded in concrete living conditions. In the case of disappointed expectations, a cognitive or normative expectation stabilization strategy is applied. Based on in-depth interviews, it becomes obvious that where cognitive expectations are concerned, openness to change one’s expectations, and therefore learning, is increased.