Abolition and the Nordic discusses the connections of abolitionism and the Nordic, uncovering how abolitionist ideas circulated through Nordic societies in newspapers, literature, theatre, music, visual culture, and political debate from the late 18th century to mid 20th century. Furthermore, it reveals the contradictions embedded within these discussions, and the complexities of condemning slavery while still reproducing racial hierarchies.

Colonial history remains an important part of the Nordic legacy that has long been ignored, as the Nordic countries have often imagined themselves as morally removed from Europe’s colonial violence.

This anthology brings together history, literary studies, art history, and music studies and initiate an urgently needed conversation about abolition’s forgotten legacies in the Nordic region.

Workplaces are increasingly digitalized, changing how labor is organized, managed and monitored. This study examines algorithmic management within food and grocery logistics, focusing on how it affects warehouse workers’ agency and what resistance strategies emerge in response. This study is based on a theoretical framework consisting of digital taylorism, the panopticon, the autonomy paradox, the Job-Demands-Resources model and workplace resistance. Using a qualitative research approach, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with warehouse workers in the sector. 

The findings show that algorithmic management significantly limits workers’ agency through technically locked workflows, detailed instructions and continuous performance measurement. Workers describe how the system determines what should be done, in what order and within what timeframe, making them feel like an “autopilot” or “robot”. Digital measurability creates a panoptic control system in which the manager’s physical presence becomes less important, as work is monitored through data and performance metrics. In response, workers develop informal resistance strategies, including manipulation of time and system data, collective concealment of breaks, and prioritizing quantity over quality and ergonomic guidelines. The study shows that these strategies can be understood as attempts to reclaim agency in a work environment characterized by high levels of control.

The study concludes that algorithmic management within food logistics reinforces centralized control rather than creating real flexibility for workers. The promised flexibility therefore appears largely illusory.

 Digitalization and the increasing availability of data have led to a growing use of Business Intelligence (BI) as support for decision-making in organizations. However, previous research shows that the benefits of BI are not automatic, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) where organizational resources, technical capabilities and analytical competencies are often limited. Against this background the aim of this study is to examine how small and medium-sized enterprises use BI to support decision-making in digital marketing.

The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on eight semi-structured interviews, six of which were in-depth interviews, conducted with participants holding different roles within SMEs. The participants represent businesses operating within retail, e-commerce and fitness-related services, and have responsibilities related to marketing, sales, and data-driven activities. The empirical material has been analyzed using thematic analysis, guided by a conceptual framework grounded in a socio-technical perspective in which technical systems, organizational structures, and human actors are understood as interdependent components of a shared work system.

The findings show that BI is used in diverse ways depending on organizational context, participants’ roles and available resources. In some SMEs, BI primarily functions as a tool for monitoring and follow-up through predefined reports while in others data is actively used to adjust campaigns, pricing, and channel strategies in close connection to ongoing digital marketing activities. Data quality emerges as a contextual and situational concept, where stability and consistency are prioritized in some settings, while timeliness and actionability are critical in others. System integration is experienced both as an enabler and a constraint, depending on the degree of centralization and user’s insight into how data is generated and combined. Furthermore, the study shows that user’s autonomy in relation to Self-Service BI (SSBI) varies significantly and is shaped by the interaction between technical complexity, organizational responsibilities and individual competencies.

The analysis demonstrates that BI’s ability to support decision making in digital marketing is shaped through the interaction between technical systems, organizational structures and users’ everyday work practices. BI use emerges as a socio-technical phenomenon where the potential of BI systems is realized or limited through organizational practices, work processes, and human interpretation. The study contributes to existing research by providing an in-depth understanding of how BI is used in practice within SMEs and by highlighting the conditions under which BI can function as a meaningful support for decision-making in digital marketing. The study also shows that limited financial resources and time constraints often force users in SMEs to compensate for shortcomings in system integrations, data quality and analytical support through manual work practices.

In this essay, I explore what happens to a person’s ability to remain in contact with themselves when demands for professionalism, control, and intelligibility begin to shape the relationship to one’s own experience. Drawing on concrete experiences from the library sector, as well as from other situations in which the sense of control and orientation begins to weaken, I approach the friction that arises when a person can no longer fully sustain the image of themselves as coherent and capable.

With support from theorists such as Rahel Jaeggi, Simone de Beauvoir, Eugen Fink, and Arlie Russell Hochschild, the essay examines how alienation, emotional labour, and self-regulation take shape within professional practices marked by demands for measurability and consensus. What gradually emerges is how the idea of professionalism increasingly risks revolving around performance and the ability to appear intelligible and composed, even as contact with one’s own experience begins to weaken.

By approaching these experiences hermeneutically, inspired by Hans-Georg Gadamer, and by understanding the essay itself as method in line with Theodor W. Adorno and Lotte Alsterdal, I explore friction as a hermeneutic opening rather than a problem to be solved. At the same time, friction is not understood as inherently liberating, but as something that can both open and close the relationship to oneself, others, and the world.

The essay thus moves toward an understanding of practical knowledge in which judgement and contact are not grounded in control or certainty, but in the capacity to remain present within that which cannot yet be fully understood.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur syriska och ukrainska flyktingar skildras i reportage publicerade i Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter under 2015 och 2022 för att undersöka om det finns skillnader i hur grupperna framställs. Med metoderna narratologi, massmedieretorik och bildanalys undersöker jag textberättelsernas form och budskap samt hur reportagefotona bidrar till denna berättelse. Analyserna visar att reportagen om syriska flyktingar har en tendens att skildra flyktingarna utifrån, med afferenta perspektiv, medan reportagen om ukrainska flyktingar i större utsträckning skildrar flyktingarna inifrån, med efferenta perspektiv. Vidare skildras de syriska flyktingarna huvudsakligen som offer, några gånger som skurkar och en gång som hjältar. Även de ukrainska flyktingarna skildras huvudsakligen som offer och en gång som hjältar, men de skildras också på mer nyanserade och komplexa sätt än syriska flyktingar. Samtidigt är inslagen av medmänsklighet mer framträdande i skildringarna av syriska flyktingar. Utifrån gestaltningsteori kan framställningarna av flyktingarna som offer, hjältar och skurkar tolkas som ett uttryck för medielogikens dramatisering. Med hjälp av Halls representationsteori kan man konstatera att de skillnader som uppvisas mellan hur grupperna skildras har drag av stereotypisering och andrafiering. Utifrån Levinas ansvarsmoral kan man vidare konstatera att uttrycken av medmänsklighet inte förekommer i lika stor utsträckning inför båda flyktinggrupperna.  

 The purpose of this study is to examine how firms’ financial performance changes before and after an Initial Public Offering (IPO), focusing on Swedish companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm between 2014 and 2017. The study adopts a quantitative approach, measuring financial performance using Return on Equity (ROE) and Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT). By analysing these measures two years before and two years after the IPO, the study provides a comparison of how firm performance evolves during the transition from private to public ownership. 

The data collection is based on secondary data from Retriever Business and the sample consists of 96 companies, which after deletion became 58. A paired sample t-test is applied to determine whether the changes in financial performance are statistically significant. The study follows a deductive approach and is grounded in theories of information asymmetry, signalling theory, underpricing and agency theory, which are used to explain why financial performance may change in connection with an IPO. 

The findings show that EBIT shows a statistically significant change, indicating that operational performance is affected by the IPO. In contrast, ROE does not show a significant change, suggesting that returns on equity remain relatively stable. This can be explained by the fact that ROE is influenced by both operational performance and capital structure, meaning that changes in underlying operations are not always reflected clearly in this measure. 

The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how IPOs affect financial performance in a Swedish context and highlights the importance of using multiple performance measures. From a practical perspective, the results suggest that investors should consider several complementary financial metrics when evaluating IPO firms, as relying on a single measure may provide an incomplete picture of firm performance. 

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine whether the profitability and capital structure of Swedish real estate companies changed during the period following the financial crisis of 2008 and the gradual introduction of stricter credit conditions, using 2010 as an analytical breakpoint. The study analyzes 73 Swedish real estate companies during the period 2005–2015 and compares the development in 2005–2009 with the development in 2010–2015. Profitability is measured through return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), while capital structure is measured through the debt-to-equity ratio and the interest coverage ratio. The study is based on secondary data from Retriever Business and is analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. The results show that ROE and the debt-to-equity ratio decreased on average after 2010, while ROA remained more stable over time. However, the paired t-tests show that the differences between the two periods are not statistically significant at the five percent level. The regression results do not provide clear support that the period after 2010 itself explains changes in either ROA or ROE. However, the results show that the interest coverage ratio has a positive relationship with ROA, and that the interaction between leverage and the period after 2010 has a negative relationship with ROE. This indicates that the relationship between leverage and return on equity is more negative after 2010. The study concludes that the results show certain descriptive changes in the profitability and capital structure of Swedish real estate companies after 2010, but that these changes should be interpreted with caution. Since credit conditions are not measured directly, the study cannot establish a causal relationship between stricter credit conditions and profitability. The study contributes by highlighting how the key financial ratios of capital-intensive companies may be associated with changing financing conditions, while emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between statistical relationships and causal effects. 

Denna studie undersöker hur svenska nyhetsmedier riktade till barn anpassar krisnyheter till målgruppen. Undersökningen jämför hur Lilla Aktuellt och SvD Junior rapporterat om krishändelserna terrorattentatet på Drottninggatan 2017, masskjutningen i Örebro på Campus Risbergska 2025 samt Rysslands invasion av Ukraina 2022. 

Studien är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med inspiration av gestaltningsanalys samt Aare och Rehnbergs (2026) analysmodell som kallas En analysmodell för sakprosaberättelser som är baserat på aspekterna innehåll, form och budskap. Uppsatsens teoretiska perspektiv är  krisjournalistik, gestaltningsteorin och dagordningsteorin.

Resultatet visar att båda mediernas krisrapportering har många likheter som exempelvis att de informerar om vad som har hänt, tar upp mänskliga reaktioner samt lägger stort fokus på känslor som oro och rädsla och hur dessa kan hanteras. Studien har identifierat gestaltningsramar där mänskligt intresse-ramen och trygghetsramen är de mest framträdande. 

Slutsatsen är att båda medierna tar hänsyn till målgruppen genom att kombinera information med att anpassa språket genom att förenkla ord och ha ett personligt och vägledande tilltal. De fungerar därmed inte endast som nyhetsförmedlare utan också som vägledande aktörer som hjälper barnen att förstå. Det som skiljer medierna åt är att Lilla Aktuellt tar in mer personliga berättelser från drabbade för att göra rapporteringen mer nyanserad och känslomässig, medan SvD Junior har en mer förklarande rapportering med fokus på att rapportera på ett neutralt sätt och lyfter mer strukturella och samhälleliga aspekter.

 Investing capital involves a trade-off between risk and return, which can cause uncertainty for retail investors, particularly during volatile market conditions. By diversifying assets, this uncertainty can be reduced. A central question is, therefore, which investment strategy should be used to achieve the highest possible risk-adjusted return. Concurrently, there is an ongoing debate regarding the function of gold in reducing risk exposure during uncertain market conditions, yet there is a lack of research on its specific effect on the Swedish market. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is a fundamental economic theory often considered the ideal standard for portfolio diversification, forming the foundation of several economic models, including the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). However, MPT faces significant criticism regarding its vulnerability to estimation errors, driven by its reliance on vast amounts of historical data. As a reaction against the complexity of this theory, naive portfolio diversification   has emerged, where an equal allocation of assets is often argued to outperform more complex models in practice. Consequently, the debate continues over which diversification strategy is the most rational for retail investors in terms of risk-adjusted return.  The purpose of this study is to examine and identify the portfolio with the highest risk-adjusted return based on the theoretical modern portfolio (MPT), naive diversification   or asset allocation strategies on the Swedish stock market during the period 2020–2025. Utilizing a quantitative and deductive research design, the study aims to determine the effective portfolio based on risk-adjusted return within the study framework. The research focuses on asset allocation involving OMXS30GI, savings account interest rates, and gold to identify the theoretically optimal diversification strategy compared to a market index during market volatility for a retail investor. A total of ten portfolios is constructed based on theoretical calculations and asset allocations with a progressively increasing share of gold.The study cannot find a statistically significant result that shows the most effective diversification strategy and portfolio in terms of risk-adjusted returns based on selected assets and time period. However, a pattern can be identified based on the study´s results and framework regarding gold´s positive effect on risk-adjusted return, skewness and kurtosis. From a retail investor perspective, the study demonstrates that simpler portfolio strategies, such as naive diversification and basic asset allocation, can statistically perform equivalently to complex theoretical models.

Reports on dwindling trust levels in the media have led to the notion of a trust crisis in journalism. Media trust in the context of the digital landscape has previously been researched quantitatively and with a source centric perspective. Greece is an outlier when it comes to low trust in the media and high use of alternative media sources in Europe. This study therefore aimed to understand Athenians perceptions of news and practices of being informed within this low-trust media environment to theoretically and empirically contribute to the research field. With a qualitative research design, the findings are based on 8 semi-structured interviews with dwellers of Athens where the underused method of the walk-through was implemented. Findings show that audiences’ perceptions of bias, corruption and overt political parallelism lead to a strong aversion to trusting mainstream media. Informants navigated the media landscape with skepticism, utilizing mental evaluation, fact-checking, cross-validation and peer review. Three categories of source selection were found, all coinciding with allocated source trust. The study suggests that trust can be understood as a spectrum ranging from deep skepticism to complete trust. Factors on a societal and individual level define the location of individuals on this spectrum. 

Scarcity-based marketing strategies, such as limited-time offers and signals of restricted product availability, are widely used in digital retail environments to influence consumer purchase decisions. Concurrently, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) – a psychological apprehension of missing out on valuable opportunities – has proven relevant for understanding consumer behaviour in e-commerce. However, the relationship between these two phenomena remains insufficiently explored.  This study aims to examine how scarcity-based strategies function as external stimuli, how they activate a consumption-related form of FOMO, and how this mechanism influences consumer purchase decisions. A qualitative approach is adopted, drawing on sixteen semi-structured interviews. The Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model serves as the analytical framework, with scarcity-based strategies as the stimulus, FOMO as the organism, and purchase decisions as the response.  The findings show that scarcity cues activate FOMO characterized by urgency, fear of loss, and reduced information processing, in the majority of cases, leading to accelerated decision-making and impulse purchases. Supply-based scarcity is perceived as more credible and influential than time-based scarcity. The study introduces a distinction between FOMO as a decision accelerator, where a well-founded purchase is expedited, and FOMO as a decision creator, where the purchase would not have occurred without the stimulus. A key finding is that awareness of scarcity strategies as marketing techniques does not protect against their psychological effects. 

The purpose of this study is to examine which factors influence consumers’ decisions to boycott within the fast fashion industry. The study is based on previous research regarding consumer boycott, political consumption, and the gap between attitude and behavior in sustainable consumption. Focus is placed on the importance of economic, ethical, environmental, political and social factors in consumers’ boycott behavior and how these can explain the discrepancy between attitude and behavior.  The study was conducted using a quantitative method in the form of a survey. A total of 122 respondents over the age of 18 participated. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify patterns and relationships between different factors. The findings show that ethical factors, especially working conditions, are the strongest driving forces behind consumers’ willingness to boycott within fast fashion. At the same time, price appears to be the main obstacle preventing consumers’ from changing their actual behavior. Many respondents state that they are willing to boycott companies that act unethically, yet they continue purchasing from criticized companies. This indicates a clear gap between consumers’ attitudes and their actual behavior. Furthermore, the results show that environmental, political and social factors also influence consumer behavior, although they are not as significant as ethical concerns and economic factors. 

This study examines how employees at Willys perceive and describe good leadership in their everyday work. The purpose of the study is to investigate which qualities and behaviours employees associate with good leadership, and how the store environment and the conditions of retail work influence their understanding of leadership. The research question is: What characterizes good leadership according to employees at Willys?

The study is based on a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews with employees at Willys. Through the interviews, the employees’ own experiences and descriptions of leadership were highlighted. The empirical material was analysed thematically, where recurring patterns in the respondents’ answers were identified and related to previous research and leadership theories.

The results show that good leadership, according to the employees, is mainly characterized by clarity, support, respect, fairness, trust and situational adaptation. Leadership is not primarily understood as a fixed personality trait of the manager, but as something that becomes visible through concrete actions in everyday work. The employees emphasize that a good manager needs to create order, clarify priorities, be available when needed and support employees in difficult situations. Respectful communication, fair distribution of responsibility and trust in employees’ competence are also described as central aspects of good leadership.

The study also shows that the store environment is important for how good leadership is understood. Since the work is characterized by time pressure, customer contact, varied tasks and cooperation, the practical and relational aspects of leadership become particularly important. The conclusion is that good leadership at Willys can be understood as practical, relational and situational leadership that needs to be adapted to the work situation, employees’ experience and the specific conditions of the store environment.

This study examines how value-based management interacts with established work roles and norms in grocery stores. The purpose is to understand how organizational values are interpreted, adapted and expressed in everyday retail work, and whether they contribute to changing, reinforcing or reproducing existing norms and work practices. The study is based on a qualitative research design with eight semi-structured interviews with employees and managers from different grocery chains. 

The theoretical framework combines institutional theory, role theory and organizational control theory. These perspectives are used to analyze value-based management as a form of social and normative control, while also considering how work roles and the practical conditions of grocery stores shape its actual impact. The findings show that value-based management does not primarily transform everyday work in a fundamental way. Instead, organizational values tend to reinforce norms that are already embedded in the work roles, such as service, responsibility, helpfulness and customer focus. 

The study also shows that practical work requirements, such as time pressure, efficiency demands and limited staffing, often take priority over organizational values. Values are therefore interpreted based on situations and adapted to the practical conditions of the workplace. Leaders play an important role in translating and concretizing values in daily work, but this also means that value-based management can vary depending on how individual leaders communicate and prioritize these values. 

The conclusion is that value-based management in grocery stores functions more as a weak and situational form of control than as a direct mechanism for changing work practices. Its significance emerges in relation to established roles, existing norms and the practical conditions of everyday retail work. 

This study examines how preschool teachers work with reading aloud to promote young children's language development, as well as how they reason about the importance of reading aloud in preschool activities. The study is based on a sociocultural perspective and relies on qualitative interviews as well as observations in preschool settings. The results show that preschool teachers use reading aloud as a deliberate pedagogical tool through dialogue and interaction with the children. Reading aloud is used to develop children's vocabulary, language comprehension, and communication skills, while also contributing to social interaction and a sense of community within the child group. The preschool teachers describe reading aloud as a central part of teaching. The study also shows that preschool teachers' conscious organization of reading aloud affects how children are given the opportunity to participate, interact, and develop language in meaningful contexts. Reading aloud emerges as an important part of the activities and as a central tool for supporting young children's language.

Denna studie undersöker hur Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet och Expressen gestaltar de två nya partiledarna Simona Mohamsson (Liberalerna) och Anna‑Karin Hatt (Centerpartiet) i samband med deras tillträden under 2025. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av totalt 24 artiklar analyseras hur variablerna erfarenhet, rekryteringsprocess, kön och härkomst framträder i rapporteringen.  Studien utgår från gestaltningsteorin och medielogik som analytiska ramverk.  Resultatet visar att mediernas gestaltning skiljer sig markant mellan de två partiledarna. Rapporteringen om Simona Mohamsson präglas i hög grad av referenser till hennes bakgrund och identitet, samt av en beskrivning av en utdragen och osäker rekryteringsprocess. I rapporteringen om Anna‑Karin Hatt dominerar däremot framställningar av lång politisk och organisatorisk erfarenhet, samtidigt som rekryteringsprocessen skildras som mer stabil och förutsägbar. Variabeln kön förekommer endast indirekt för båda partiledarna.  

 The purpose of this study was to examine how preschool teachers’ use of drama as a method is expressed in educational situations, with a particular focus on didactic objectives, embodiment, and artefacts. The study is based on research questions regarding how drama is expressed in educators’ teaching, which expressive and material tools are used, how these are used, and what didactic purposes can be identified.The study draws on qualitative, non-participant observations of preschool practitioners at five different preschools, including two preschool teachers and three childcare workers. The empirical material was analysed using thematic analysis, supported by an observation protocol developed from the research questions. The theoretical framework of the study consists of the concepts of artefacts, anthropomorphism, and aesthetic doubling.The results show that drama is used as a didactic method in preschool education, where various mediating tools are used in teaching. Educators use drama in their teaching through a combination of artefacts, role-playing, as well as physical and verbal expressions. Artefacts are used for communicative purposes and appear central to educators’ use of drama. Furthermore, the results show that educators employ various dramatic elements such as aesthetic doubling and anthropomorphism, in their communication of content. The use of drama varies across educators and teaching situations, and occurs in teaching with children of different ages.In conclusion, the study shows that drama in preschool can be understood as a didactic method in which teaching takes place through educators’ embodiment using artefacts, the body, and the voice. The method can be both explicitly and implicitly didactic, and operates in the borderland between play and education. 

This thesis aims to engage with the concept of the political subject, and thus with the political understood as, or through, such a subject. The question that structures this engagement is one posed by Jean-Luc Nancy in 1988: Who comes after the subject? Faced with this question, I traverse three interpretative moments. First, I provide a reading of the conceptual tension between an “overcoming” of the subject and an affirmation of some who. Here, I argue that this tension articulates the stakes of a particular political and theoretical moment – one that is confronted by the aporias and conundrums of our political vocabulary without thereby being granted the means to maneuver without it.  Second, I turn to the work of Nancy and his colleague and friend Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, in order to provide a reading of the motif of the “political subject” – a motif which is recurrent in their work, but never systematically developed. I argue that the political subject is to be understood as a political configuration of the pre-political and essential ground of the political itself, which – in being conceived as pre-political – circumscribes what, how, and for whom, the political can play out. Third, I turn towards attempts found in Adriana Cavarero, Sylvia Wynter and Nancy himself at making sense of the “who” of the political without re-inscribing it in the abovementioned structure. Through this reading, I come to argue that this might be possible by conceiving of this who not as a new essence, but as an excess which – given the relational and mimetic field necessary for articulating a pre-political essence in the first place – can never ultimately be contained in the model of the subject.

This thesis examines how Nerikes Allehanda’ s coverage of Nora municipality changed after the closure of the local editorial office and the centralisation of news production to Örebro.

The study is based on a quantitative content analysis of 193 articles published in 2017 and 2025. By comparing coverage before and after the closure, the thesis analyses changes in volume, genre, topic selection, text length, byline, interviews and indicators of local journalistic presence.

The theoretical framework combines perspectives on local journalism as democratic infrastructure, journalism’s democratic functions and the concept of distance decay. These perspectives make it possible to analyse not only whether Nora is still covered, but also how the character and democratic function of the coverage have changed.

The results show that Nora has not disappeared from Nerikes Allehanda’ s news flow. However, the coverage has become less reporter-driven and more dependent on external forms of content, such as reader submissions and automated texts. The number of articles written by Nerikes Allehanda reporters decreased from 98 in 2017 to 48 in 2025. The study also shows fewer articles with interviews and fewer articles with images taken by a reporter in connection with the news event. At the same time, the share of longer articles increased, and municipal politics received more attention in 2025 than in 2017.

The findings suggest that centralisation does not necessarily lead to a total news desert, but to a more selective and uneven form of local coverage. While the forum function is partly strengthened through more debate articles and reader submissions, the reporter-driven news and scrutiny functions appear to be weakened. The thesis therefore argues that the democratic significance of local journalism cannot be measured only by whether a municipality is covered, but also by how the journalism is produced, whose voices are included and which parts of local life are made visible.

Performance measurement and follow-up are central aspects of how modern organizations control and organize work. Through goals, key performance indicators and continuous follow-up, organizations communicate what is considered important. At the same time, this may lead to certain tasks becoming more visible than others, which can influence how employees prioritize and act in their daily work. This study examines how performance measurement and follow-up affect employees’ priorities and work behaviors in the retail sector, with a focus on the clothing and electronics industries.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how performance measurement and follow-up, as control mechanisms, shape employees’ daily work. The study is based on a qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews with ten respondents working as sales employees or store sales assistants. The empirical material was analyzed through thematic analysis, supported by theories on performance measurement, control systems, goal displacement, and March’s concepts of the logic of consequence and the logic of appropriateness.

The findings show that performance measurement is clearly integrated into everyday work. Sales targets, key figures, campaigns and add-on services are continuously communicated through meetings, systems and follow-up processes. As a result, measurable goals become recurring reference points in employees’ work. Tasks directly linked to measurable outcomes, especially sales, tend to be prioritized over less measurable tasks such as customer service, relationship-building, store maintenance and support for colleagues.

The study also shows that employees adapt their work behavior according to what is measured. In the electronics industry, this is reflected in a focus on add-on sales, insurance and subscriptions, while the clothing industry is characterized by sales targets and campaign goals. However, the impact of performance measurement is not one-sided. Clear goals can create structure and motivation, but may also be experienced as pressure and control. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how performance measurement and follow-up function as active control mechanisms that shape priorities, interpretations of work and everyday work practices in retail organizations.

Elektroniskt avfall (e-waste) är ett av vår tids snabbast växande miljöproblem, och hanteringen försvåras av att produkter sällan är designade för att kunna demonteras på ett lönsamt och skonsamt sätt. Trots att Design for Disassembly som designprincip är väl etablerad i forskningen når den sällan fram till industriell praktik. Denna studie syftar till att skapa förståelse för varför detta gap kvarstår, och hur det tar sig uttryck i logistikföretagens operativa hantering av e-waste.Studien tillämpar en abduktiv ansats med systematic combining och bygger på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer från både design- och returlogistiksidan. Materialet analyseras genom reflexiv tematisk analys med ett tvärvetenskapligt teoretiskt ramverk bestående av resurshierarkin, Design for Disassemblys fyra fysiska demonteringsegenskaper, Mestre och Coopers close the loop-strategi, Papaneks Function Complex samt Borja de Mozotas Design Value Model.Resultaten visar att logistikföretagens enskilt största operativa hinder utgörs av irreversibla sammanfogningstekniker som omöjliggör oförstörande demontering och pressar aktörerna mot fragmentering. Detta är ett problem som förstärks av svaga avsättningsmarknader för begagnade komponenter som utgör ett parallellt och självständigt hinder. På tillverkarsidan handlar problemet inte om teknisk okunskap utan om en inbyggd beslutslogik där sluthanteringskostnader är osynliga i företagets ekonomiska incitament, ett mönster som i empirin fångas av att tillverkare strukturellt fastnar på differentiator-nivån i Borja de Mozotas (2003) värdemodell. Studien identifierar vidare informationsasymmetrin som ett formatproblem snarare än ett flödesproblem. Den information som utbyts via producentansvaret är för generell för att vara användbar i designprocessen. Design, incitament och information är sammanlänkade nivåer som förstärker varandra och kräver samordnade åtgärder.

Digitalization and e-commerce have increased competition for independent bookstores. In a market characterized by low prices, high accessibility, and algorithm-based recommendations, physical independent bookstores need alternative strategies to remain competitive. Relationship marketing has therefore become increasingly important, where customer relationships, personal service, and social experiences are used to create value.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Swedish independent bookstores use marketing strategies to compete with online bookstores. The study is based on theories of relationship marketing and Porter’s competitive strategies.

The study was conducted using a qualitative research design with an abductive and comparative approach. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with owners of nine independent bookstores in Sweden. The empirical data was analyzed through thematic and comparative analysis.

The results show that the bookstores mainly compete through values that are difficult to replicate digitally. Personal customer interactions, book recommendations, events, book clubs, and author talks are used to create customer loyalty and engagement. The physical bookstore also functions as a social and cultural meeting place. Social media is primarily used to strengthen customer relationships and promote the business. The findings also show that the bookstores have different views on digitalization and online commerce.

The study shows that the competitive advantage of independent bookstores is largely based on the experience surrounding books and reading. Through relationship-building activities and local connections, the bookstores create customer value that extends beyond price and accessibility.

Purpose: This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is discursively constructed in international and national policy documents, and how these representations relate to power structures linked to class, gender, and ethnicity within organizational contexts. 

Method: Drawing on critical discourse analysis and an intersectional framework, the study analyzes 31 publications issued between 2018 and 2025 by institutions such as the OECD, ILO, EU, UNESCO, and UN Women. 

Empirical data: The analysis identifies three dominant patterns: 

The Discourse of Neutrality, in which AI is portrayed as objective, efficient, and apolitical obscuring the political and historical roots of inequality. A Digital Class System, where technical competence is assigned symbolic capital and legitimacy, while algorithmic surveillance reinforces employer control and reduces employee autonomy. Equality as Representation, where gender equality is reduced to numerical representation without power analysis, and racism is often replaced by colour-blind indicators (income, education, geography) or encoded through proxy variables. 

Conclusions: In summary, AI systems are described not merely as advanced technologies, but as mechanisms that reinforce and legitimize existing hierarchies, rather than functioning as neutral infrastructures. The study introduces an intersectional power matrix for AI in organizations (Symbol/Role/Governance) and argues for governance that promotes equality, design models that redistribute power beyond training initiatives and ethical guidelines. 

Limitations include a narrow time frame and exclusive focus on policy texts; future research should therefore combine discourse analysis with ethnographic and quasi experimental approaches within workplace practices. Furthermore, future research should examine the phenomenon in additional communicative contexts, particularly within media communication, such as news reporting and other forms of public information dissemination. 

The development of technology has continued at a rapid pace, which has made it possible for companies to use online marketing methods to capture consumers' attention. Today's digital society and the high degree of online shopping have in turn meant that consumers are daily flooded with marketing in its various forms. One such strategy that is widely used and appears regularly is scarcity marketing. This study aims to create an understanding of how consumers experience that scarcity marketing online affects their purchasing behaviour. 

The purpose of the study thus has created space for a qualitative research approach where semi-structured interviews were the method chosen in the survey. The interviews were in turn conducted with 10 respondents, who belong to generation Z and have experience of online shopping in the fast fashion industry.

The results from the study show that experiences of scarcity marketing and its impact on purchasing behaviour can be viewed from different perspectives. In part, the results show that consumers can experience time pressure and stress when exposed to scarcity marketing. These people believe that the emotions evoked and the rational limitation that they also highlight, lead to impulse purchases. According to some of these respondents, these impulse purchases can in turn give rise to regret afterwards, while some of the respondents highlight the right of the return as an ulterior motive in the decision-making process. In part, the results show that online scarcity marketing is not perceived to have an impact on purchasing behaviour among consumers as the marketing method is seen through and as a sales ploy. In addition, it is stated that scepticism also prevails towards scarcity marketing among some of these people.

The study thus contributes to the increased awareness among consumers about how online scarcity marketing affects their purchasing behaviour, as well as providing a consumer perspective that may be of relevance to companies. The study also paves the way for future research on the subject. 

This thesis considers the role of the chapter on religion in the Phenomenology of Spirit. I find there to be a lack in the contemporary reading of Hegel in so far as those who show fidelity to Hegel as a thinker of universality do not give sufficient attention to his writings on religion, while those who closely read Hegel’s writings on religion want to lessen the extent to which he is understood as a universal thinker. By reading this chapter in conjunction with the preceding on spirit and the following and final on absolute knowing, this thesis explores the necessity of spirit passing into religion and religion into absolute knowing. By locating the decisive role of alienation (Entäußerung) in Hegels understanding of religion, this paper argues that the structure of alienation found in religion is the structure constitutive of thought itself. It is the necessity of alienation inherent to the act of forgiveness that sees spirit pass into religion, and it is the truth of alienation when God becomes human and dies that sees religion pass into absolute knowing. The internal split of God is introduced implicitly by religious thought itself as it demands both an irreducible God of the beyond and an appearing God of its devotion. In the practice of the religious community God appears as that which cannot appear. What appears in the appearance of God is therefore precisely the nothingness of appearance. The conclusion of this thesis is that the religious fidelity to a sacred nothingness is a pictorial representation of the universal structure of thought itself. 

Det håller på att formeras en ny strömning i svensk litteraturdidaktik som utmanar synen på svenska som erfarenhetspedagogiskt demokratiämne. Inspirerade av Gert Biesta kritiserar allt fler litteraturdidaktiker en svenskundervisning som försöker säkra demokratiska medborgare, där skönlitteraturen ofta fått rollen som förmedlare av skolans värdegrund. Istället betonar de skönlitteraturens radikala obestämbarhet, att vi i konsten söker det vi ännu inte vet, och förespråkar en litteraturundervisning som tar sig an skolans demokratiuppdrag genom att främmandegöra, störa och öppna etablerade värden. I den här texten presenterar jag denna nya tendens, diskuterar dess relation till erfarenhetspedagogiken, samt ställer några kritiska men genuina frågor kring vad som står på spel för litteraturdidaktiken framåt. Praktiska frågor om tolkningsarbete i klassrummet, teoretiska frågor om spänningen mellan socialisation och subjektifiering, och ödesfrågor om riskerna med värdelös litteraturundervisning i tider av demokratisk kris.

I dagens samhälle har hållbarheten fått en allt större betydelse, vilket blir påtagligt genom FN:s Agenda 2030. För att uppnå hållbar utveckling lyfts idrotten fram. Inom idrottsrörelsen är det däremot en dimension som ofta hamnat i skymundan och blivit bortprioriterad, nämligen den ekologiska hållbarheten. Idrottens ekologiska fotavtryck är betydande och arrangerandet av stora idrottsevenemang bidrar till utsläpp genom både transporter, konsumtion, och avfall. Om idrottseventssektorn inte tar sitt individuella ansvar, kan det påverka både utövandet, samhället, och världen i stort. Tillsammans med resonemang om organisationers utpräglade tendenser att kommunicera en ideal bild av sig själva som inte överensstämmer med verkligheten, skapas det motiv att ifrågasätta hur genuint idrottens ekologiska hållbarhetsarbete egentligen är. Studiens syfte handlar således om att skapa förstå kring hur idrottseventsorganisationers ekologiska hållbarhetsmarknadsföring förehåller sig till det faktiskt agerande, och forskningsfrågan lyder:

”Hur marknadsför idrottsevenemangsorganisationer sitt ekologiska hållbarhetsarbete och hur förhåller sig denna marknadsföring gentemot deras faktiska agerande?”

I studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats använts där empirin består av både textanalyser och semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att besvara forskningsfrågan har vi jämfört två organisationers externa kommunikation med deras faktiska agerande för att kunna avgöra om det förekommer diskrepans. Studiens teoretiska ramverk är konstruerat utifrån Aktiv Domineringsstil och Aktiv Anpassningsstil, den Ny-Institutionella Teorin, Varumärkesidentitet, samt Legitimitetsteorin.  

Resultatet visar att båda idrottseventsorganisationernas ekologiska hållbarhetskommunikation, i stor utsträckning överensstämmer med hur arbetet faktiskt bedrivs. Utifrån de tre teman som berörts, förefaller en tydlig samstämmighet i majoriteten av fallen. Studien påvisar även tydliga tecken på att organisationerna vid tillfällen arbetar mer omfattande med vissa hållbarhetsfrågor än vad som synliggörs externt, vilket antyder på en positiv diskrepans. Samtidigt identifierades ett fall där sambandet mellan kommunikation och det praktiska arbetet framstår som otydligt, och därmed tecken på en negativ diskrepans. Resultatet antyder även att ekologisk hållbarhet inte alltid används aktivt i organisationernas marknadsföring, trots att intervjuerna påvisar flera konkreta insatser. Till sist pekar studien på att hållbarhetsarbetet formas av flera olika faktorer, däribland kärnidentitet, ekologiskt förhållningsätt, omvärldens påverkan och legitimitetsträvan.

Studien undersöker hur sensoriska stimuli i form av ljud och doft relaterar till konsumenters upplevelse och köpintention i butiksmiljöer där visuella signaler inte är tillgängliga. Tidigare forskning visar att multisensoriska upplevelser bidrar till konsumenters känslor och beteende, men det finns en kunskapslucka kring hur enskilda sinnen fungerar när synen utesluts. Mot denna bakgrund syftar studien till att skapa förståelse för hur konsumenter upplever ljud och doft, samt hur dessa upplevelser relaterar till emotionell respons och köpintention.

Den teoretiska utgångspunkten bygger på S-O-R modellen, där ljud och doft utgör stimuli, den emotionella responsen representerar organismen och köpintention utgör responsen. Modellen kompletteras med teorier som Multi-sensory marketing, som förklarar hur flera sinnen samverkar i en upplevelse, samt Affect Theory, som belyser känslornas roll i beslutsfattande. 

Studien genomförs med en kvalitativ forskningsansats och har en explorativ samt jämförande forskningsdesign i form av en fältstudie. Datainsamlingen sker genom triangulering, där både observationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer används. Totalt deltog 14 respondenter som exponerats för två olika butiksmiljöer. För att isolera ljud och doft uteslöts det visuella sinnet genom att respondenterna bar ögonbindel under observationen.

Resultatet visar att ljud och doft har en tydlig relation till konsumenters emotionella upplevelse av butiksmiljön. Miljöer med lågt ljudstimuli och tydlig doft upplevs som lugna och främjar ett utforskande beteende, medan högt ljudstimuli och otydliga dofter skapar stress och ett undvikande beteende. Frånvaron av syn förstärker dessutom ljud och doft, vilket visar hur sinnen samverkar och påverkas av kontext. Vidare framkommer att samspelet mellan ljud och doft är avgörande för hur butiksmiljön upplevs. När dessa sinnesintryck upplevs som samordnade skapas en positiv helhetsupplevelse, medan bristande samspel kan leda till en negativ upplevelse. 

Slutsatsen är att ljud och doft spelar en central roll i hur butiksmiljöer upplevs. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för hur enskilda sinnen upplevs av konsumenter i en multisensorisk kontext.

En vetenskaplig essä ger en möjlighet till att reflektera över en situation. En händelse som utspelar sig på min arbetsplats, en intensivvårdsavdelning, som rör mitt yrkeskunnande.

Berättelsen handlar om en kväll på intensivvårdsavdelningen när jag och läkaren jag arbetar med har olika åsikter om hur djup patienten ska vara sederad. Läkaren grundar sitt ställningstagande i forskning och evidens. Jag grundar mitt ställningstagande i det jag ser hos patienten, att jag upplever honom obekväm och föreslår åtgärder baserade på vad som fungerat tidigare. Min erfarenhet, yrkeskunnande, får styra mina förslag av åtgärder.

De frågor som essän försöker besvara handlar om vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet, om hur de förhåller sig till varandra. Hur ser yrkesansvaret ut för läkare och intensivvårdssjuksköterskor? Kan man genom en berättelse likt denna belysa yrkeskunnande?

Reflektionen tar stöd i filosofers olika teorier där Aristoteles kunskapsbegrepp, och då framför allt episteme och fronesis, blir centrala. Därutöver används bland annat Molanders (1997) Arbetets kunskapsteori som stöd i reflektionerna om yrkeskunnande. Att använda olika filosofers begrepp och tankar i reflektioner öppnar upp för annat tänkande och en djupare reflektion av det skeendet som är ens kliniska vardag.

Naturvetenskap är ett kunskapsideal i dag. Naturvetenskap kan inte säga något om hur vi ska agera. Där behöver vi använda vårt yrkeskunnande och fronesis är den kunskapsform som bäst kan användas för att lösa en enskild situation.  

Kenya is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, making environmental journalism a vital tool for survival. This study explores the safety and working conditions of Kenyan environmental journalists through a broad perspective, moving beyond physical threats to include digital, financial, and psychological dimensions.The aim is to identify the structural challenges facing these journalists and how these obstacles shape their reporting, as well as the way they understand their professional roles. Based on ten qualitative interviews with Kenyan environmental journalists, the study is theoretically grounded in concepts such as precarious labor, journalism culture, and market censorship.The findings reveal eight interconnected challenges:

1. Physical safety: Journalists face threats and surveillance when reporting on sensitive issues.
2. Linguistic barriers: A lexical gap makes it hard to translate scientific terms into local languages.
3. Technical complexity: A lack of science training makes it difficult to explain climate data.
4. Material precarity: Financial insecurity and low pay create constant stress for reporters.
5. Market censorship: Powerful advertisers influence what stories get published.
6. Narrative choices: Journalists are shifting toward solutions journalism to keep the audience engaged.
7. Source accessibility: It is often difficult to get information due to slow and complicated systems.
8. Institutional neglect: A lack of support from newsroom management leaves journalists feeling isolated.

The study concludes that these challenges are systemic rather than individual. Financial instability increases the risk of corruption, while linguistic and technical gaps detach climate issues from the daily lives of local people. Ultimately, the climate crisis in Kenyan journalism is an economic and political struggle, where structural insecurity threatens the spread of essential climate information.

Early childhood educators have a significant influence on how children are affected, both positively and negatively, through the norms conveyed in their work. These norms can shape children’s perceptions of themselves and others. Our previous experiences from professional internships and field-based training indicate that work with norms varies both in terms of pedagogical approaches and organizational conditions.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how educators describe their strategies for addressing stereotypical norms in preschool and how they perceive their ability to work systematically with these issues. The study is based on interviews with four preschool teachers and two childcare workers working in the Stockholm area. The collected data was analyzed with reference to previous research and theoretical concepts such as norm criticism, intersectionality, and compensatory work.The results show that educators use language strategies and work with the environment and materials to counteract stereotypical norms. At the same time, the understanding of norms varies, with gender receiving the most attention while other perspectives are often overlooked. This work takes place primarily at the individual level and lacks common guidelines, and it is not prioritized at the organizational level despite an expressed desire for professional development.

Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka och jämföra nyhetsrapporteringens gestaltning kring Charlie Kirks mord från svenska och amerikanska nyhetsmedier med olika politiska inriktningar. Frågeställningarna utgår från hur Charlie Kirks mord gestaltas i svenska jämfört med amerikanska medier, samt vänstermedier jämfört med högermedier. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är politisk medialisering och gestaltningsteorin, och dagordningsteorin. Metoden är jämförande kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 200 nyhetsartiklar, med 50 stycken från respektive medium. Resultatet visar att den mest förekommande aktören var skytten Tyler Robinson, “annan” aktör eller Charlie Kirk för alla medier. Den mest förekommande gestaltningen var episodisk för amerikanska medier och sakfrågegestaltning för svenska medier. Det mest förekommande temat var social och medial respons för alla medier och mordet som fall för svenska medier. Inga uppenbara skillnader framträdde mellan tidningar med olika politisk färg. Slutsatsen som dras är att de svenska medierna konstruerar gestaltningen om mordet på Charlie Kirk mer som en nyhetshändelse än de amerikanska medierna. I USA konstruerar medierna sin rapportering om Kirk mer som en social, medial och politisk händelse. Därpå leder mediernas politiska tillhörighet inte till stora skillnader i rapporteringen. Faktorer som land, mediesystem och journalistiskt format verkar vara viktigare för gestaltningen.

Denna studie utgår från ett återkommande mönster i förskolans praktik där flickors svårigheter ofta förstås som personlighetsdrag, medan pojkars beteenden i högre grad kopplas till socialt konstruerade svårigheter eller diagnoser. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur genus påverkar förskollärares uppmärksammande och tolkningar av flickor med svagt uttryckta stödbehov i förskolan, samt vilka normer och föreställningar som formar dessa förståelser.

Med en kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer analyserades hur förskollärare tolkar vardagliga situationer samt hur dessa tolkningar påverkar vilka barn som uppfattas som i behov av särskilt stöd. Studien vilar på ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv där genus ses som något som görs i interaktion, vilket möjliggör en analys av hur kategoriseringar och tolkningar produceras snarare än att fastställa vad som är sant eller falskt.

Resultatet visar hur genusnormer och föreställningar om kompetens samspelar i förskollärares resonemang, och hur detta kan påverka flickors möjligheter att uppmärksammas och få stöd i tid. Studien bidrar med kunskap om de ofta osynliga processer som formar bedömningar i förskolan och lyfter behovet av ökad normmedvetenhet för att stärka likvärdighet och barns rätt till stöd.

Wildfires are intensifying globally, demanding interdisciplinary approaches that integrate both the ecological and social dimensions of fire research. This thesis addressed this need through a holistic framework that examines wildfire impacts and post-fire recovery in Greece, a region highly prone to recurrent wildfires. The aim was to advance understanding of post-fire response, vegetation recovery and restoration, and wildfire risk through an Integrated Fire Management lens, using socio-ecological and geospatial perspectives.

Stakeholder views on post-fire management were explored through Q-methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques to examine subjectivity. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 22 participants involved in wildfire management spanning 10 affiliations were conducted. From these interviews, 376 statements were extracted, of which 44 were selected for a Q study. Six distinct discourses were identified: Statist, Abstainer, Beneficiary, Pragmatist, Revolutionary, and Contextualist, revealing contrasting but complementary perspectives and highlighting communication gaps between institutions and actors. Conducted interviews were used to develop a framework for prioritizing areas for post-fire restoration combining stakeholder input with geospatial analysis. Areas covering 77 km² were selected for restoration depending on the fire history, slope, and designation as part of the protected areas. Three locations with a total area of 31 km² were highlighted as potentially needing special attention.

Post-fire vegetation recovery was examined using spatial analysis, statistical methods, and machine learning. Satellite data from MODIS and Landsat over 2013–2025 were analysed through a chrono-sequence approach employing NDVI, EVI, and dNBR vegetation indices. Random Forest algorithm was applied for downscaling climate parameters. By combining spectral indices, topographic variables, and climate data, predictive Generalized Additive Mixed Models were developed to evaluate regeneration patterns in fire-prone areas. Results indicated that recovery correlates positively with precipitation and evapotranspiration and negatively with temperature and elevation. A related research direction emerged around the issue of power line ignitions as a wildfire source. Analysis of official data from the Hellenic Fire Service and records from WWF Greece, media sources and volunteers, along with application of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for validating fire scars revealed systemic data limitations and proved that a total of 237 km² of burned area of selected case studies from 2018 to 2025 were directly linked to electrical causes.

The findings showed the need for developing comprehensive mixed-method approaches and the necessity for improved transparency and infrastructure maintenance to mitigate wildfire risks. Interdisciplinary design and the outcomes of this thesis contribute to the evolving field of Integrated Fire Management by comprehensive understanding of wildfire dynamics and offering evidence-based insights to guide more adaptive and inclusive wildfire governance in the Mediterranean.

Denna studie undersöker hur svenska och amerikanska medier gestaltade den amerikanske rapparen ASAP Rocky (Rakim Mayers) i samband med hans gripande, anhållande och häktning i Stockholm sommaren 2019. Syftet är att analysera skillnader i hur de två medierna från de olika mediesystemen rapporterar om en misstänkt internationell kändis, med fokus på namngivning, bildval, språklig gestaltning samt röst och perspektiv i texten. 

Genom en kvalitativ textanalys med utgångspunkt i gestaltningsteori (framing) analyseras tio nyhetsartiklar från Aftonbladet och CNN, publicerade under perioden 3–25 juli 2019. Resultaten visar att Aftonbladet tillämpar en brottsgestaltning: fokus ligger på våldshandlingarna, en förändring sker i identifieringsramen genom skuldindikerande språkval, och bildvalet utgörs av ett laddat bildval som förstärker brottsramen. CNN tillämpar däremot en kändisgestaltning: artistens perspektiv dominerar, formuleringar som 'anklagad för' och 'hävdas' används konsekvent, och bilderna hämtas från röda mattan med ett fredstecken. Skillnaderna förklaras utifrån nationella medietraditioner, globala medielogiker och gestaltningsteoretiska mekanismer. 

The aim of this study is to examine which political areas are considered important when voting in Swedish elections and whether these priorities differ between women and men. The analysis is based on exit poll data from Swedish elections between 1998 and 2022. Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the study explores differences in the importance of political areas and whether these differences can illustrate the growing gender gap in party choice. The theoretical framework draws on Inglehart and Norris’ Developmental Theory of the Gender Gap, political sociology, and previous research on women’s voting behaviour by Oskarson and Wängnerud. The results show that women consistently rate education, healthcare, environmental policy, and gender equality as more important than men. Energy policy illustrates a growing gender gap, with no significant differences until 2022, the year with the largest divergence in voting behaviour. An unexpected finding is that women consider economic policy more important than men. Overall, some differences in the importance of political areas between women and men are increasing, others are decreasing or stable. While differences in priorities alone do not fully illustrate the gender gap, specific policy areas clearly contribute to it.