This thesis explores how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Swedish sustainable fashion sector address challenges in sourcing sustainable materials. The aim is to understand the strategies, constraints, and adaptations that enable these businesses to operate under limited resources while maintaining sustainability commitments. A qualitative research design was applied, using semi-structured interviews with four Swedish fashion SMEs that incorporate sustainable sourcing into their business models, including upcycling and ethical sourcing. The findings reveal that sourcing practices often rely on second-hand materials, donations, and smallscale suppliers, with a preference for natural fibers such as linen, cotton, silk, and hemp. Verification of sustainability claims is commonly based on trust, visual inspection, and informal testing, as access to formal certification is limited. Key challenges include inconsistent material availability, high costs of certified fabrics, and supply chain risks when working with international artisan producers. Despite these obstacles, SMEs adapt by using upcycling, small-batch production, and transparent communication with customers to build trust and brand identity. The study contributes to the understanding of sustainable sourcing in resource-constrained contexts and highlights opportunities for policy and industry support to strengthen SMEs’ ability to source sustainably. 

This study aims to examine the interaction between effective data driven decision making and knowledge mediation, with a specific focus on articulation and data storytelling, in the retail IT-reliant work system. Using a qualitative data collection method, seven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to gain an understanding of the respondents' experiences, in relation to the purpose and research question. The data collection is also based on, in addition to the purpose and research question, four different theories, which are further explained in section 4. The theories describe how data and analyses both support the work with Business Intelligence but also the creation of knowledge within organizations. Knowledge is a context-specific process that is difficult to transfer and therefore needs to be translated and mediated via knowledge mediators.

The aim of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of how knowledge, with the help of articulation and data storytelling, is integrated into and supports the decision making processes of organizations. With the sociotechnical perspective as a starting point, the study also aims to create a deeper understanding of how Business Intelligence both enables and limits organizational learning in practice.

The study's identified research question is: How do employees experience the interaction between effective data driven decision making and knowledge mediators, with a specific focus on articulation and data storytelling, in the retail IT-reliant work system?

To answer the study's research question, based on analysis of collected data material and theories, the interaction between effective data driven decision making and knowledge mediation is experienced as an integrated process. With a focus on articulation, an understanding emerges of the importance of data being understandable for employees and where data storytelling has a mediating role in creating understanding. With an insufficient understanding of data and analysis and an overall picture of the available information, employees in the organization risk making poor or incorrect decisions. With data storytelling, employees can work towards a common direction and counteract fragmented knowledge in the organizations.

Redan 1956 skämtade en tysk tecknare om framtidens helautomatiserade förvaltning. De mänskliga byråkraterna skulle hamna på museum och ersättas av en effektiv supermaskin. Sjuttio år senare är skämtet på väg att bli verklighet. AI-byråkratin utlovar större effektivitet, bättre samhällsservice och mer objektiva beslut. Men vad händer när den artificiella intelligensen flyttar in i välfärdsstatens maskinrum? När vi människor möter Försäkringskassans digitala plattformar, Arbetsförmedlingens chattbot Molly, eller handläggarroboten i Trelleborgs kommun? Är AI verkligen en bättre byråkrat? Eller byter vi bara bristfällig mänsklighet mot exakt blindhet när vi lämnar Max Webers järnbur för algoritmernas svarta låda?

The purpose of this study is to examine how leverage affects earnings after financial items in Swedish publicly listed companies. Debt is an important component of a company's capital structure and entails both advantages, such as tax deductions for interest expenses, and disadvantages, such as increased financial risk and higher interest costs. Although capital structure has been widely studied internationally, earnings after financial items remainunder explored as a performance measure, particularly within a Swedish context characterized by rising interest rates and tighter restrictions on interest deductibility.

The study adopts a quantitative research approach using secondary data from annual reports of Swedish listed companies for the fiscal years 2018 to 2024. The empirical analysis employs descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models. Leverage is defined as the ratio of total liabilities to equity, whereas earnings after financial items capture profits after financial income and expenses but before tax.

The results reveal a statistically significant relationship between leverage and earnings after financial items, indicating that higher debt levels are generally associated with weaker financial performance. This finding suggests that, for many firms, interest expenses and financial risk outweigh potential tax advantages.

This study contributes to the capital structure literature by providing empirical evidence from the Swedish stock market while highlighting earnings after financial items as a relevant performance measure. The findings offer practical insights for corporate managers, investors, and creditors when assessing financing strategies and financial risk.   

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the library is depicted in the debate that arose in the fall of 2022 surrounding Drag Story Hour at Kalmar City Library. Using Carol Bacchi’s discourse analytical approach, “What’s the problem represented to be?” – which serves as both the theoretical framework and analytical method of this thesis – a selection of articles from Swedish media coverage is analyzed to reveal the problem representations, assumptions, and belief systems underlying the statements expressed in the debate. The analysis identifies two dominant problem representations: one that constructs children’s exposure to LGBTQ+ representations and content as the core “problem”, and one that frames political interference in library programming as the main “problem.” The empirical material also reveals two conflicting depictions of the library in the debate: one depiction of the library as a potentially threatening, ideologizing environment– particularly in relation to children – justifying political control over its programming, and one that depicts the library as a democratic institution where professional autonomy, freedom of expression, and inclusivity are central values. The thesis concludes that this cultural debate reflects a broader ideological shift in Swedish cultural policy, where previously uncontested democratic principles – such as the public library’s role as a democratic public sphere and the principle of arm’s length distance – are increasingly being questioned.

Denna undersökning belyser hur kön framställs ur ett genusperspektiv i reklam och marknadsföringsinnehåll på webbplatser och i onlineannonser. Detta har gjorts genom en diskursanalys för att kunna identifiera vilka diskurser som kan urskiljas i tolkningen av hur kön framställs i undersökningsmaterialet. För detta ändamål har multimodal kritisk diskursanalys använts som metod, med Norman Faircloughs tredimensionella analysmodell som tillvägagångssätt. I tolkningen av marknadsföringsinnehållet har Stuart Halls teori om stereotyper samt genusteori använts som teoretisk referensram. Med utgångspunkt i genusteori, Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys och Stuart Halls teori om stereotyper kan reklamens visuella uttryck förstås som en del av en diskursiv praktik som reproducerar traditionella genusstereotyper. Genom upprepade representationer av kvinnor som aktiva städare normaliseras föreställningen om städarbete som kvinnligt, samtidigt som dessa bilder bidrar till att upprätthålla rådande maktstrukturer i samhället. Analysresultatet och de identifierade diskurserna visar ett tydligt mönster där kvinnor i högre utsträckning än män representeras som städare/hushållsarbetare i reklamens visuella uttryck. Diskurserna visar också att kvinnor framställs som symboler för städarbete fastän kvinnorna inte aktivt städar i reklamen, samt att könsskillnader i arbetsroller tas för givna. Diskurserna bidrar till att reproducera traditionella genusstereotyper där städning konstrueras som ett kvinnligt ansvar, medan män i större utsträckning kopplas till tekniska, fysiska eller sekundära roller i städsammanhang. Genom återkommande bildval och framställning normaliseras dessa maktrelationer och framstår som naturliga. Detta kan i sin tur påverka unga personers identitetsskapande och karriär, då de genusstereotyper som uttrycks i reklamen kan fungera som en påverkande faktor i denna process. Som lärare är det därför viktigt att motverka sådana strukturer, vilket också betonas i Skolverkets värdegrundsarbete och samhällskunskapsdidaktiken. Som lärare kan sådana strukturer motverkas genom exempelvis arbete med normkritisk pedagogik. Den här uppsatsen kan ses som en inspiration eller ett sätt i arbete med normkritisk pedagogik. Ett konkret lektionsupplägg presenteras på slutet av uppsatsen.

This study aims to use the religious psychologist Antoon Geels’ theoretical framework to examine how the rapper Kanye West portrays his existential crisis in connection with his Christian awakening. The study was conducted using a selection of Kanye West’s songs that reflect themes of crisis and worship. Based on Geels’ theoretical framework, two categories were created: one dealing with existential crisis and the other focusing on religious conversion.

The results show that Kanye West’s album Jesus Is King contains descriptions of his religious conversion and his new lifestyle. The findings also indicate, based on Geels’ framework, that a connection between existential crises and religious experience can be identified. To summarize the analysis, it also shows that West swings back and forth between trust and despair; however, even in moments of despair, West appears to experience a sense of God’s presence and a strong faith. The themes of existential crisis that were identified include suicidal thoughts, thoughts about dying, God as a protector, racism, demons, and darkness.

This scientific essay explores the dynamic between pupils’ need for autonomy and the schoolage educare teacher’s responsibility for structure, safety, and pedagogical content. The aim is to deepen the understanding of why teachers may experience feelings of inadequacy when balancing pupils’ desire for free play and self-determination with institutional and curricular demands. The study is based on two professional narratives drawn from our practice in school-age educare within compulsory school and adapted upper secondary school. Through analysis of these experiences, in dialogue with theory and previous research, the essay highlights how the teacher role is shaped within relational, structural, and situational conditions.

The method is scientific essay in combination with participant observation, integrating experiential knowledge with theoretical perspectives. The analysis draws on social constructionism and childhood sociology, together with Isaiah Berlin’s concepts of negative and positive liberty, as well as theories of embodied knowledge and practical wisdom. The findings indicate that balancing freedom and structure is not a fixed method but a relational and judgement-based practice. Feelings of inadequacy emerge not as a lack of competence, but as an expression of professional practical wisdom within a complex educational mandate. 

The public library is seen by many as a stable democratic institution, but current political discourse in Sweden shows it cannot be taken for granted. This study investigates how librarians perceive the government proposal to report undocumented immigrants. Four public librarians were interviewed, and the results were analyzed based on different approaches to professional ethics and the role of the public official. The results show a strong resistance towards the proposition, as it is perceived as going against the very idea of what a what a library is. Furthermore, the librarians' room for manoeuvre is not a given, but a matter of negotiations and compromises based on different ethical value systems. The study sheds light on important questions regarding librarians' professional role in a changing political landscape, which suggests areas for future research. 

Margareta bor på demensboende och beskriver sig som en ”stolt lesbian”. Ändå är det oklart om personalen känner till hennes lesbiska liv. Gustav och Märta är vana att stå upp för sina hbtq-rättigheter, men hur kommer deras demenssjukdomar att påverka möjligheterna att tala för sig själva i framtiden? Agneta, vars fru har vaskulär demens, känner ständig stress över att behöva avgöra om hon ska komma ut för hemtjänsten – eller låta bli.

Vad händer med identiteter och relationer för hbtq-personer som lever med eller nära demenssjukdom? Hur upplevs demensomsorgen? Hur kan medarbetare möta hbtq-personers behov och erfarenheter på ett tryggt och inkluderande sätt?

Denna bok bygger på forskningsstudien HBTQ och demens i policy och praktik i svensk demensomsorg. Här återges röster från hbtq-personer med demenssjukdomar, anhöriga och medarbetare i omsorgen tillsammans med en analys av nationella och lokala riktlinjer för demensomsorg. Boken ger också konkreta förslag och rekommendationer för en mer queer och inkluderande demensomsorg.

Anna Siverskog och Linn Sandberg är forskare i genusvetenskap vid Södertörns högskola och har lång erfarenhet av forskning om kön, sexualitet, åldrande, demenssjukdom och äldre hbtq-personers livsvillkor.

Proven experience- what does it mean in practice? A study examining educators´ understanding of proven experienceThe purpose of this study was to examine educators’ views on and interpretations of the concept of “proven experience”, as well as how they apply proven experience in practice. The study also aimed to explore how these interpretations and areas of application relate to Skolverket’s definition of the same concept. To investigate this, two research questions were used: How do educators interpret proven experience, and how does this relate to Skolverket’s definition? And how, and to what extent, do educators describe that proven experience is used in the planning of their educational practice?  The study was conducted using a mixed-method design, meaning that it included both quantitative and qualitative questions in a digital survey. A total of 346 respondents (preschool teachers, educated childcare workers, and uneducated childcare workers) participated in the study. The results were analyzed using the discourse-analytical concept of the “empty signifier,” as well as the epistemological concepts of episteme, techne, and phronesis. These were chosen to help identify what type of knowledge educators are considered to possess, or what type of knowledge would be desirable within the concept of proven experience, and whether they used the concept in the way intended by Skolverket. The most common definition among educators was to equate proven experience with experience-based knowledge.

This volume contains short versions of four noteworthy master theses written within the international master’s programme in Media, Communication, and Cultural Analysis at Södertörn University and defended in 2025. Running since 2009, the programme has more than 100 alumni who are now employed in the media, academia and education. In 2020, the department chose to highlight the best theses in a printed volume. This is the sixth volume in the series. 

The contributions in this volume cover four different topics: the representation of loss in science fiction films in relation to theories of modernity; the portrayal of the same robbery in different TV genres (news, documentary, and dramatised TV series); users’ experience of trust when interacting with communicative AI chatbots; and the ways in which users’ engagement with Spotify Wrapped can be understood as a media ritual. Although stretching across four such different topics, the chapters share an interest in on how media can be understood in relation to narration. In the first two chapters, the authors explicitly use narrative theory as a tool for understanding how mediation always incorporates narrative. The following two chapters focus instead on the narratives that arise when users interact with machines (AI chatbots) and on how algorithms shape annual personal stories about what kind of music listener you are (Spotify). Common for the four chapters is that they fruitfully re-center our attention on how narrating frames our encounter with media.

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is presented as a water management approach that fits well within the broad sustainability agenda. Three European MAR projects' outcomes were analyzed to assess how these projects interpret sustainability. This article argues that MAR projects are pushed to a narrow interpretation of sustainability by funder requirements and the technical background of experts involved in MAR projects. This narrow interpretation is reinforced by the limited available resources for MAR projects. Pressing social and institutional issues are left unattended in these projects. This is likely to have implications forthe long-term operation and maintenance of these MAR projects.

This study investigates linguistic challenges and opportunities for doctors with a foreign degree during a “language placement” at a Swedish hospital. Through observations and recordings from two key practices, the team meeting and the ward round, it analyzes what linguistic or communicative practices the student participates in, as well as how linguistic participation is affected by institutional roles.

The study is theoretically based on the concept of community of practice and legitimate, peripheral participant (LPP; Wenger, 1998), and the concept of institutional role (Halvorsen & Sarangi 2007), which enables an analysis of the student’s position in the team compared to full participation as a professional physician.

Empirical results show how the linguistic requirements of professional participation are made visible in the two key practices, both containing continuously conversation, in ways organized institutionally.

Additionally, results show that even though the placement contains large parts of conversation, the student does not engage in the interaction to any great extent (of the 480 min of the recordings, she speaks 9 minutes 55 sec., distributed over 3 occasions). She participates both in a student role and as a professional colleague, and mainly on the chief physician's initiative.

Through the perspective of legitimate peripheral participation and community of practice, the amount of verbal participation as expected institutionally: even though she is a trained doctor, without a Swedish license, she does not have access to making decisions or ordinate treatment, and shes does not have a leading role communicatively..

The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how practice structures and linguistic environments can promote or limit language development, and provides insights into how professional language training can be adapted to better support these individuals in their pursuit of a professional role in Swedish health care.

This study analyses how the interaction between data quality, employee competence and organisational processes shape the use of business intelligence in IT-dependent work systems. Given that investments in business intelligence do not automatically lead to increased business value, the study aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms through which business intelligence contributes to sensemaking and value creation in practice. The study is conducted with a qualitative research approach and is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with employees working in data-driven business intelligence environments. The analysis is based on a deductive conceptual framework that combines work systems theory, data quality frameworks, the resource-based approach and the theory of sensemaking.

The results show that data quality can not be understood as a technical characteristic alone, but as a work system that is shaped by organisational routines, competence levels and ways of interpreting and using data. Furthermore, it emerges that employee competence and sensemaking play a central role in how data quality is assessed and translated into decisions. The study also shows that organizational processes, such as coordination, communication and established working methods, are crucial for business intelligence to be integrated effectively into daily work. Overall, the study contributes with in-depth knowledge of how the value of business intelligence is created in the interaction between technology, people and operations in IT-dependent work systems.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka variabler som påverkar sannolikheten för nedskrivning av goodwill bland börsnoterade nordiska large- och mid cap-företag under perioden 2021–2024. Med utgångspunkt i agentteorin, positiv redovisningsteori och resultatmanipuleringsteori analyseras sambanden mellan goodwillnedskrivningar och sex utvalda variabler: VD-byte, skuldsättningsgrad, resultatutjämning, lönsamhet, goodwillandel och företagsstorlek. Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod med logistisk regression och baseras på data från årsredovisningar för 47 företag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm, Nasdaq Helsinki, Nasdaq Copenhagen, Nasdaq Iceland och Oslo Børs. 

Resultaten visar att lönsamhet (ROA) är den enda variabel som uppvisar ett signifikant negativt samband med goodwillnedskrivningar, vilket indikerar att nedskrivningar främst sker i företag med svagare resultatutveckling. Övriga variabler, inklusive VD-byte och skuldsättning, visar inga signifikanta samband. Resultaten indikerar begränsat stöd för förekomsten av opportunistiskt beteende. Utöver huvudanalysen genomfördes en kompletterande analys av skillnader mellan nordiska länder, vilken inte visade några statistiskt signifikanta skillnader i sannolikheten för goodwillnedskrivning. Studien bidrar till förståelsen av hur goodwillnedskrivningar hanteras inom IFRS och ger insikter om redovisningspraxis i en nordisk kontext. 

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to analyse how revenue-related disclosures under IFRS 15 are presented in European telecommunication companies and to examine whether disclosure quality varies despite a common accounting standard and industry context. The study contributes to disclosure theory by examining how companies use the interpretative space within a principle-based standard.

Research question:

How is disclosure quality under IFRS 15 expressed in European telecommunications companies, and to what extent does it vary between companies operating under the same regulatory framework?

Method:

The study applies a quantitative content analysis with a cross-sectional design. Annual reports from ten large European telecommunication companies constitute the empirical material. Disclosure quality is operationalised through a structured coding model consisting of factors, indicators and variables derived from IFRS 15 and prior research on disclosure quality. The analysis focuses not only on whether disclosures are provided, but on how clearly, specifically and explanatorily they are formulated.

Conclusions:

The findings show that all companies formally comply with IFRS 15, yet substantial variation exists in how disclosures are structured, explained and adapted to company-specific circumstances. Differences are primarily found in the textual and explanatory parts of the disclosures rather than in numerical information. The study demonstrates that disclosure quality is shaped by managerial communication choices within the boundaries of IFRS 15. This contributes to disclosure theory by empirically illustrating how principle-based standards allow for variation in disclosure quality even within a homogeneous industry.

Kapitlet visar med exempel tagna från sjuksköterskor som fungerar som vårdkoordinatorer för patienter med njursvikt hur yrkesföreträdaren måste förena den professionella rollen med framträdandet som person. Filosofer som inspirerat hans analys är bland andra Hannah Arendt och Rahel Jaeggi. Gunnarson menar att kravet på en framträdelse av yrkesutövaren som person, inte trots yrkesrollen utan just genom den, gäller för alla mellanmänskliga yrken där existentiella dimensioner och livsval står på spel. Om yrkesutövaren har ambitionen att möta och lyssna till patienten, eleven eller brukaren som en person, kan hen inte helt stanna i sin roll. Detta eftersom mötet med en unik någon förutsätter att man står i kontakt med det som är unikt hos en själv och genom tal och handling förmår ta i beaktande det som är nytt i mötet. Här handlar det alltså inte om att helt träda ur yrkesrollen, eftersom det är den som ligger till grund för mötet, hjälper till att formulera målen för det, skapar ett grundläggande förtroende mellan parterna och skyddar dem från godtycke, felaktigheter och diskriminering. Utmaningen är i stället att finna en balans mellan roll och person i yrkesutövningen.

This study examines how AI-based automation, in the form of machine learning (ML) and roboticprocess automation (RPA), affects accuracy and efficiency in accounts payable invoice processing insmall Swedish companies. The study adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on how AI-basedautomation is integrated into invoice workflow and how it is perceived in daily accounting work. Thefindings indicate that machine learning primarily support automated data extraction and interpretation of invoice information, while RPA contributes to structuring and standardizing the workflow through rule-based process and system integrations. Together these technologies reduce the need for manual data entry, resulting in shorter processing times, increased capacity and reduced administrative workload.

Furthermore, the study shows that automation can reduce manual errors, however accuracy is achievedthrough an interaction between automated processing, embedded control mechanisms and humanreview. The realized benefits are contingent upon process organization, the degree of standardization inthe invoice inflow, and the maintenance of human control in stages requiring judgment and riskassessment. The result suggest that AI-based automation does not eliminate the need for humanexpertise, but rather reshpes its role within accounts payable processes.

Spiritism in the Norrbotten Press: Representations of the Supernatural in the Early Twentieth Century 

This thesis examines how spiritualism was represented in newspapers publishes in Norrbotten between 1900 and 1925.The study aims to analyze the role spiritualism played in the cultural and social life of the region, as well as how spiritist phenomena such as séances and lectures were framed in the local press. Using Robert Entman´s theory of framing as a theoretical framework, the thesis explores how newspapers emphasized certain interpretation of spiritualism while marginalizing others. The analysis is based on a qualitative content analysis of articles, advertisements, and reports from several North Bothnian newspapers. The results show that spiritualism was primarily presented as a public phenomenon rather than a private belief, framed alternately as entertainment, moral risk, scientific curiosity or existential resource. Comparisons with international reporting reveal that organized and “serious” spiritualism was often associated with major urban ventures abroad, while local practices were treated with greater skepticism or trivialization.  The study contributes to previous research by highlighting the roll of regional press in shaping the understanding of spiritualism outside metropolitan contexts. 

Estonia has responded to energy security concerns related to a hostile Russia by supporting uncompetitive oil shale power plants located no more than 2 km from the Russian border. How did this policy come to appear as necessary and legitimate, and what can this tell us about the politics of phasing out fossil fuels in our time of geopolitical instability? This article uses discursive policy analysis to analyze 21 interviews with key Estonian experts and decision makers and 27 policy documents. It traces a shift that has unfolded in Estonian energy policy discourse between 2015 and 2024, from placing faith in market-based and common EU policies towards emphasizing state interventions to secure domestic fossil capacities. The article explores how the interplay between this shift and the prevalence of a neoliberal free-market rationality has ruled out alternative ways of providing energy security and portrayed state support to oil shale power as unfortunate but necessary. It explains how fossil subsidies have been reconciled with free-market neoliberalism, and argues that the result is a contradictory approach to energy security that places faith in a single large oil shale complex located right on the border with Russia. Finally, it explores the wider implications of neoliberalism for energy politics in our time of geopolitical instability, arguing that it can empower incumbent industries and restrict the ability of states to act strategically and preemptively, thereby locking them in a state of continued crisis management where fossil subsidies appear as the only option for providing energy security.

Studiens syfte är att analysera hur Riksbankens oväntade räntebesked påverkar OMXS30-

index på kort sikt, med fokus på alla offentliga räntebesked från 2000 till 2025.

Räntebeskeden kategoriseras som höjningar, sänkningar samt oförändrade räntebesked, där

de oförändrade räntebesked delas ytterligare till oväntade och förväntade oförändrade

räntebesked. Studien är baserad på en kvantitativ ansats som kompletteras med en

eventstudieanalys för att fånga den kortsiktiga effekten som räntebesked har på OMXS30-

index. Eventet analyseras över en tredagars eventfönster bestående av en dag före beskedet,

själva beskeddagen samt dagen efter. För att stödja resultaten jämförs studiens resultat med

teorier om effektiva marknader, beteendefinansiering och informationsassymetri. Resultaten

av denna studie visade att de oväntade oförändrade räntebesked genererade högre kumulativ

abnormal avkastning (CAR) än de förväntade beskeden. Detta innebär att investerare som

investerar i OMXS30-index reagerade starkt på det oväntade räntebeskedet, eftersom det gick

emot deras förväntningar. Trots att de oväntade räntebeskeden uppvisade högre CAR ledde

detta inte till betydligt högre volatilitet, vilket innebär att marknaden inkorporerade den nya

informationen snabbt och OMXS30-index återgick till dess fundamentala pris direkt efter.

Detta resultat var dock inte statistiskt signifikant, vilket kan bero på den begränsade

datamängden. Den icke-signifikanta resultatet anses i detta fall som ett kunskapstillskott

eftersom det bidrar till analysen av marknadsreaktioner.

In the current study environment, the mobile phone is an essential tool for students. This study examines which strategies and iPhone functions university students use to control notifications during self-studies, as well as how these strategies are experienced in relation to focus and digital accessibility. The thesis is grounded in a theoretical framework consisting of media ecology, persuasive technology, and human-computer interaction. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight university students from five different institutions in Sweden, and the material was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The results show that students use both proactive and reactive strategies to manage notifications, such as the functions Do Not Disturb, airplane mode, timer setups, and physical placing. Handling this primarily means balancing between the need for focus and the need to be reachable. Location, timing, interest, and task difficulty influence which strategies are applied and how well they are maintained, as well as whether studying occurs alone or among others. Focus is rarely achieved by completely removing notifications, but rather by limiting and adjusting the flow of notifications according to individual needs and habits.