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  • 1. Hamsten, C.
    et al.
    Starkhammar, M.
    Tran, T. A. T.
    Johansson, Magnus
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Biology. Örebro University.
    Bengtsson, U.
    Ahlen, G.
    Sallberg, M.
    Gronlund, H.
    van Hage, M.
    Identification of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose in the gastrointestinal tract of the tick Ixode sricinus; possible relationship with red meat allergy2013In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 68, no 4, p. 549-552Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patients with IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate epitope galactose--1,3-galactose (-Gal) have reported severe allergic reactions after consumption of red meat. Investigations have revealed associations between IgE to -Gal and tick bites. We provide the first direct evidence that -Gal is present within ticks thus potentially explaining the relationship between tick exposure and sensitization to -Gal, with development of red meat allergy as a secondary phenomena. Serum from Swedish patients with delayed severe reactions to red meat was included in the study. A dose-dependent inhibition of IgE responses to -Gal by the tick Ixodesricinus is demonstrated. Furthermore, using cryostat-cut sections of I.ricinus, we show that both a monoclonal and a polyclonal antibody against -Gal stains the gastrointestinal tract of the tick. The same pattern is seen when staining with patient sera IgE positive to -Gal. These results confirm that the -Gal epitope is present in I.ricinus and imply host exposure to -Gal during a tick bite. This provides further evidence that tick bites are associated with IgE responses to -Gal and red meat allergy.

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