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  • 1.
    Aburto, J.
    et al.
    Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Stotz, W.
    Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile.
    Cerda, C.
    Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile.
    Mondaca-Schachermayer, C.
    Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile.
    Vera, K.
    Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Coquimbo, Chile.
    Territorial user rights for artisanal fisheries in Chile: intended and unintended outcomes2013In: Ocean and Coastal Management, ISSN 0964-5691, E-ISSN 1873-524X, Vol. 71, p. 284-295Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Granting property property rights in fisheries is assumed to provide incentives for sustainable resource exploitation. These rights might also open other income options for fishers, including some that go beyond the original objectives intended by authorities establishing the right. The opportunity for alternative uses is especially high if the details of these rights are not clearly identified. In Chile, a de novo TURF (Territorial User Rights for Fishery) system, called Management Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (Areas de Manejo y Explotacion de Recursos Bentonicos-AMERB) was created to achieve sustainable exploitation of benthic resources. This study compares two small-scale fishing communities in Chile, Guayacan and Huentelauquen, representing two typical contrasting settings, regarding geographical contexts and surroundings, origin, history, location, social embeddedness, main fisheries activities as well as the motivation and the process through which they acquired their AMERB. While in Guayacan the main fishing activity outside the AMERB is the giant squid and finfish fishery, in Huentelauquen the main and traditional activity has been diving for benthic resources. The objectives to acquire their AMERBs were different in both cases. Huentelauquen applied the AMERB for their traditional activity, the fishery of Concholepas concholepas ("loco"), thus in accordance with the official objective of the AMERB. Due to reduced catches of loco, fishers also added the collection of kelps, using their AMERB to control access to the entire coast surrounding their fishing community, beyond the limits of their AMERB. In Guayacan the AMERB, applied for the management of scallops and a species of red algae, began to be used for sea squirt aquaculture. Within the framework of sustainable fisheries implied by the AMERBs, there was in both cases a clear expectation to gain new sources of income. However with time both AMERBs are being used as a tool for territorial exclusion of other fishers beyond the limits of their respective AMERBs. In Huentelauquen fishers mention mostly negative aspects about the performance of their AMERB, given the poor economic results, being unsatisfied with the AMERB system in general, because they feel that the system disrupted their traditional migration along the coast. In Guayacan, fishers mentioned mostly positive aspects for their AMERB, as it was an opportunity to add new activities. Both examples show that rights-based management approaches are very attractive; they could promote new uses or developments, whose sustainability nevertheless needs to be analyzed further. The analyzed case studies show that, contrary to how the system was developed in Chile, a more bottom-up implementation of new management arrangements may make it easier to agree on common objectives, and/or leave more freedom for fishers to adjust and arrange their livelihood. Considering the importance the AMERBs have acquired for fishers, these kinds of systems need flexible regulations in order that fishers can adapt the system to local traditions, uses or needs and also to their learning and adapting capacities.

  • 2.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Cuncumén Puso la Primera Piedra: Tras la historia campesina del Alto Choapa. De la reforma agraria a los desafíos socioambientales del presente2023 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [es]

    La historia de los sectores populares en el valle del Choapa, pese a su extension y riqueza, ha sido abordada solo de manera parcial y fragmentaria. Se extraña una obra de conjunto que releve a los actores populares en la compleja trama de relaciones económicas, sociales, politicas y culturales. En este punto, precisamente, radica la originalidad de este libro de la destacada socióloga, Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, quién fija su punto de atención en el valle de Cuncumén, al interior de la comuna de Salamanca, para luego analizar de forma longitudinal la historia agraria y minera de los habitantes de la región.

    El texto no se agota en la descripción de las estructuras materiales, agrícolas y mineras; el foco se encuentra puesto en los hombres y las mujeres de Cuncumén. Es decir, en los actores o protagonistas de la historia. Son sus vivencias, sus dificultades, sus luchas, expresadas como relatos vividos, cargados de dolores, esperanzas, épicas y pasiones, los que articulan parte importante de la narración contenida en este texto y que la autora hace desde tres ejes analíticos: el desarrollo de las actividades mineras, la estructuración de la tenencia de la tierra y la lucha campesina por esta. 

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    Cuncumén Puso la Primera Piedra: Tras la historia campesina del Alto Choapa. De la reforma agraria a los desafíos socioambientales del presente
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  • 3.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Uppsala universitet.
    From Seascapes of Extinction to Seascapes of Confidence: Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries in Chile: El Quisco and Puerto Oscuro2008Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In Chile, the indiscriminate harvest for export of the edible shellfish, Concholepas concholepas or false abalone, propelled by a neo-liberal market economy during the 1970s, almost led to the extinction of the species, thereby threatening the dependant small-scale artisan fishers’ survival as well as the ecosystem. To reverse this, fishers’ organizations in Chile have adopted the state created regulatory measure, Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR; locally known as Management Areas -- MAs). Replacing the former unsuccessful fishing regulatory measurements, the MEABR regime empowers the fishers with exclusive territorial use rights (TURF) to manage the species, often under commons institutions, thus creating new seascapes of confidence. However, as is often the case with new solutions, emergent problems are posed that threaten to undermine the reform. With the new regulated extraction measure and geographical expansion of this novel labour and production alternative, fishers experience a transition from ‘nomadic’ to sedentary fishing leading to a transformation of their lifestyle and skills. If MAs become permanent, fishing in rural areas may lead to tensions as the fishers settle on coastal lands without entitlement, or are hindered from developing their own fisheries infrastructure. The legal system does not seem to fully foresee the consequences of the reform, and prevailing power relations and private property rights work to disadvantage the fishers. Using a participatory approach for the first research location of El Quisco (Valparaíso Region), and interviews with key informants for the second research location of Puerto Oscuro (Coquimbo Region), fishers’ views of the Chilean TURF were evaluated. How fishers perceive this experience should be central for the success or failure of the MAs as a viable alternative to the earlier conditions of open access. While the assessment of El Quisco deals more with the performance of the MA, Puerto Oscuro is used to portray the seascapes of conflict that have emerged as ownership of the coastal land is contested. The study shows that while the reform has brought better incomes from the benthic resources, the overall economic importance of the MAs for the fishers is reduced relative to the incomes coming from fishing activities realized outside the MAs. Experiences in both cases have been otherwise positive in terms of the recuperation of the species, ecological concerns and strengthening fishers’ so-called soft assets. Nevertheless, many problems remain, among them the problem of access to the sea border and those related to ambiguous land rights to support coastal settlement and fishing infrastructure development.

  • 4.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Avila, Marcela
    Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile; , Universidad de Magallanes, Chile.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Riquelme, Ricardo
    Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile.
    Rodriguez, Daniel
    Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile.
    Aroca, Gesica
    Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile.
    Gutierrez, Juan
    Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile.
    Prospects of equitable and sustainable seaweed aquaculture: a case study of changing gender and socio-economic relations in Maullín, Chile2024In: Maritime Studies, ISSN 1872-7859, E-ISSN 2212-9790, Vol. 23, no 1, article id 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article examines the development of marine tenure in the Maullín River, Chile. It starts with the emergence of artisanal red algae (Gracilaria chilensis) gathering and the changes resulting from the governmental ad hoc allocation of small-scale aquaculture concessions. We aim to track this transition, its drivers, effects on the work organization, gender relations, market relations and the sustainability/equity challenges currently confronting the community. We use a feminist political ecology approach to direct our multi-method data collection strategy and to analyse the empirical material. The State by enabling local tenure for the development of marine aquaculture concessions played an influential role in Maullín community attaining de facto territorial tenure. This led to the establishment of residential aquaculture communities while facilitating the integration of women in aquaculture activities. We see both steps as positive economic and social development opportunities in Maullín. While marine tenure has provided livelihood chances, low prices caused by the producers’ disadvantaged market position and the lack of supportive alliance building pose ongoing problems. We conclude that these factors are serious challenges to the sustainability of aquacultural livelihoods at Maullín River. While the case depicts aspects of women’s empowerment such as their engagement in developing potential post-production innovation ideas, entrepreneurial abilities to conduct market transactions as well as their better competence in literacy, math and financial expertise, there is still a long way to reach gender equality in the male-dominated aquacultural sector. © 2024, The Author(s).

  • 5.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Eva, Friman
    Uppsala universitet.
    Küstennahe Commons in Chile: Kompetente Menschen, starke Institutionen, reiche Natur2012In: Commons: Für eine neue Politik jenseits von Markt und Staat / [ed] Silke Helfrich and the Heinrich Boell Foundation, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2012, p. 313-320Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [de]

    Als mit der Einführung der neoliberalen Wirtschaftspolitik in Chile Mitte der 1970er-Jahre die Ausfuhren der chilenischen Meeresschnecke Loco – der auf dem Markt begehrtesten Art – stark anstiegen, waren die Fischer rasch Teil des globalen Marktes geworden. Die »Anlandungen« bzw. Fangmengen der Loco (concholepas concholepas) erreichten rasch Rekordmengen, nur um bald darauf wieder stark einzubrechen – ein Zeichen für die exzessive Ausbeutung der Vorkommen. Daraufhin erließ der Staat Anfang der 1980er-Jahre eine Reihe von Schutzmaßnahmen – saisonale Sperrungen von Fanggebieten, nationale Fangquoten und Fangverbote –, die die Fischer wirtschaftlich schwer trafen. Zehn Jahre später, 1991, wurde schließlich ein neues Fischereigesetz erlassen, mit dem ein System »gebietsbezogener Nutzungsrechte in der Fischerei« (Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries, kurz: TURFs) eingeführt wurde. Die auf sogenannte »Bewirtschaftungszonen« aufgeteilten chilenischen TURFs sind in ein Verwaltungssystem eingebettet, in dem staatliche Regulationen und die von den Fischern selbst festgelegten Regeln zusammenkommen. Durch TURF können die Fischer ausschließliche, nicht übertragbare und erneuerbare Zugangs- und Nutzungsrechte zu bestimmten benthalen (meeresbodennahen) Ressourcen innerhalb des zugewiesenen Areals erhalten. Die Rechte werden ausschließlich an Fischervereinigungen vergeben. Mit einer Größe von 250 bis 600 Hektar liegen die Bewirtschaftungszonen in den für die Fischer reservierten ertragreichsten Fischgründen innerhalb der fünf Seemeilen breiten Küstenzone. Seit 1997 hat die Zahl der TURFs entlang der chilenischen Küste beständig zugenommen, im Jahr 2011 sind über 30.000 Fischer in Bewirtschaftungszonen zusammengeschlossen. Die Fischer landen nahezu den gesamten zum Verzehr bestimmten Fang in Chile an, während hochwertige Arten gewöhnlich in den Export gehen. Die Fischer sind nach sogenannten »Caletas« organisiert, rund 440 kleinen Fischerhäfen, die sich auf privatem, Staats- oder Gemeindeland befinden. In einigen ländlichen Gebieten befinden sich diese Caletas in den Fischerdörfern selbst, in anderen leben die Fischer in einiger Entfernung zu den Häfen. Eine Caleta besteht normalerweise aus einem Pier und einer Bootswerft sowie Hütten oder Schuppen, in denen die Fischer 314 K  a p i t e l   I I I  — Commo n i n g  —  s o z i a l e   I n n o v a t i o n e n  w e l tw e i t übernachten, bzw. den Häusern der Fischer in ihrer Gemeinde. In vielen ländlichen Caletas gibt es keinen Strom, kein fließendes Wasser, keine Kanalisation und auch keine befestigten Straßen. Seit Inkrafttreten des neuen Fischereigesetzes müssen die Fischer an festgelegten Orten fischen, die Küste abzufahren ist nicht mehr erlaubt. Das ist eine Einschränkung, die vielen Fischern gegen den Strich geht. V o  n   R i  v a l i t  ä t   z u   k o  l l e k  t  i  v e m   H a n d e l n Die Beantragung von Fischereirechten für ein Managementgebiet ist müh

  • 6.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Eva, Friman
    Uppsala University.
    New marine commons along the Chilean coast: The Management areas (MAs) of Peñuelas and Chigualoco2011In: International Journal of the Commons, E-ISSN 1875-0281, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 433-458Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To halt degradation of benthic resources in Chile, management areas (MAs) were set up under the Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs) framework in the late 1990s. Integrated into the global market, MAs have since expanded along the Chilean coast, involving thousands of small-scale artisanal fishers. This paper analyses how economic criteria relates to social and ecological performance of Chilean MAs, by applying TURFs, commons and co-management theory to two cases: MAs Peñuelas and Chigualoco. To collect and analyse data Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, interviews and official statistics and reports were used. Our results show that MAs’ economic benefits are connected to fluctuations on the global market. Adapting to changing world market prices then becomes paramount. TURFs’ main goal is ecological conservation, but achieving this seems to depend on meeting fishers’ livelihoods; failure to do so likely results in failure to meet conservation objectives. A serious weakness of the Chilean TURFs system is that it does not pay enough attention to fishers’ livelihoods or to the global market context. Furthermore, there is a strong relationship between good economic benefits and social sustainability. But irrespective of economic performance, fisher organizations have been empowered and gained increased resource control with the TURFs system. At policy level, a differentiated and more flexible system could be more suitable for existing heterogeneous MAs and their particular economic, social and ecological challenges. For improved economic sustainability and resource conservation, a system with multiple-species managing MAs could be promoted as well. Finally, to enhance theory of commons, co-management and TURFs, we argue for greater acknowledgement of TURFs’ social benefits in addition to economic assessments. More attention should also be paid to global market conditions of which MAs are dependent and in which they are embedded: macrostructures that are seldom considered in the analyses.

  • 7.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Friman, Eva
    Uppsala universitet.
    The Politicized Nature of Global Trade: The Continuous Commoditization of Land and Marine Resources, and Struggles for Livelihoods in Chile2010In: Politicized Nature: Global Exchange, Resources and Power / [ed] Eva Friman and Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, Uppsala: Centre for Environment and Development Studies (Cemus) , 2010, p. 49-71Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Rodriguez Osuna, Andrea
    Uppsala universitet.
    Ueyonahara, Jorge
    Uppsala universitet.
    Monetary stabilisation policies and militarisation: The effects on social and class structure in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay (1950-1985)2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyses the origins of neoliberalism in the Southern Cone; a process that has its origin in the period 1955-65 with the implementation of monetary stabilization policies, followed later by the structural adjustment programs. Both the monetary stabilization and the structural adjustment policies were global macroeconomic mechanisms to restructure the dynamic of capital accumulation and economic power relations. By promoting a freer flow of capital, the economic stabilisation policies facilitated the entry of foreign capital into the economies of the Southern Cone, predisposing the economies of the Southern Cone to the process of internationalisation of production and financial capital, which began to take shape after World War II more rigorously.This process can be understood within a double transformation of capital as 1) the destruction of the domestic bourgeoisie; a process of relative concentration of capital; and 2) the internationalization of finance capital; a process of absolute concentration or centralization of capital. Military rule was a necessary conditions for the project and process of ‘peripheral privatization’ through which capital was accumulated, but not mainly through the productive circuit of capital (M-C-M+). This process thus took place within a global transformation in the process of concentration of capital characterised by a shift in the domain that provided the productive sphere towards the financial and commercial spheres as mean to secure the valorization of capital, requiring the liberalization of international credits and financial markets, thus setting the bases for the expansion of neoliberalism as an accumulation regime, globally and within Latin America. Therefore neoliberalism and globalization found their grounds in Latin America’s ephemeral ‘national developmentalism’ promoted by ECLAC (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean).

  • 9.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Commoditization of rural lands in the semi-arid region of Chile—the case of the huentelauquén agricultural community2018In: Agriculture, E-ISSN 2077-0472, Vol. 8, no 2, article id 26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The agri-pastoralist communities of the semi-arid region of Chile, with their unusual common land ownership, have not escaped economic neo-liberalism. The general pattern of insatiable demand of land for agricultural production, mining, energy generation and real-estate development has become a challenge for these communities. How are these processes affecting the traditional practices of these localized agri-food systems, based on rain-fed-agriculture, pastoralism and the fading practice of transhumance? In this article, we look at how the Huentelauquén Agricultural Community in the Canela Commune has dealt with, reacted to, and been affected by regional economic shifts geared towards market liberalization. In particular, we analyze the structural changes in the community in regard to alienation of the commons and changes in land tenure. Qualitative interviews were conducted with key informants in this setting. To provide a richer contextual setting, this article draws on several other empirically-based works on the commons’ emergence and evolution, land commoditization and local struggles for livelihoods. Our study shows that a community can adopt different strategies when dealing with powerful sectoral development that can involve resistance as well as positioning that seeks to find favorable terms of engagement. Our findings highlight that processes affecting the traditional commons are resulting in the re-appropriation and re-occupation of the land. This is resulting in social differentiation, weakening of the community’s social bonds, depeasantization and further degradation of an already vulnerable ecosystem. In sum, these shifts are posing an existential threat to this form of traditional agri-pastoralism. 

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  • 10.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Saunders, FredSödertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.Sokolova, TatianaEnvirohealthMatters, Sweden.
    Co-creating Actionable Science: Reflections from the Global North and South2020Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Sokolova, Tatiana
    EnvirohealthMatters, Sweden.
    Börebäck, Kristina
    Kokko, Suvi
    Reflections on a Process of Research with Reindeer Herding Communities in Sweden’s Norrbotten2020In: Co-creating Actionable Science: Reflections from the Global North and South / [ed] Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, Fred Saunders, Tatiana Sokolova, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020, p. 151-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Ávila, Marcela
    Isakson, Alberto
    Greco, Iván
    Moscoso, Patricia
    Rodríguez, Daniel
    Granjeras del Mar: Luchas y Sueños en Coliumo2018Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the book is to make visible the history and aspirations of the Union of Independent Workers of Artisanal Fishermen, Shore Harvesters and Seaweed collectors, Caleta Coliumo − which in spite of its masculine name is composed only of women. In doing so the authors hope to contribute to supporting the Union’s ongoing struggle to secure productive livelihoods and contribute more widely to coastal sustainability in the region. These are goals that we think should involve partnerships between scientists, fishing organizations and local, regional and national authorities. The book is also a contribution to the general discussion on the Áreas de Manejo y Explotación de Recursos Bentónicos (AMERB) and especially to the entry of women into fishing in Chile.

    More particularly, this book focuses on the experience of women in Coliumo, in southern Chile (Bío-Bío region), who in the heat of the struggle for coastal resources with fishermen from an adjacent fishing cove, organized themselves and were successful in applying for and obtaining exclusive use rights in coastal marine areas under the system of Territorial Rights of Use for Fishing (TURFs). Gaining entitlements to TURFs soon evolved into a new struggle for resources, this time among women aligned with different fishing unions in Coliumo. The outcome of this struggle was the creation of a second TURFs, again governed only by an all-women fishing union. This demonstrated once again, that in addition to the women’s role as seaweed collectors, they were able to effectively exercise their recently acquired negotiation and managerial skills. These were capacities that even local fishermen came to admire. What began as a conflict with fishermen from another cove, became an avenue where two all-women fishing unions became managers of two TURFs entitlements in the village.  The women’s capacities to effectively manage their TURFs entitlements and related resources has resulted in increases in income and enhanced standing in their communities. The fishing union examined in the study will soon be moving up the value chain from seaweed collectors to producers. With the support of the State, there are also plans to develop small-scale algae aquaculture. Through the collective exercise of their own agency the women of Coliumo have empowered themselves not only as fishers and workers but also as resource managers, entrepreneurs and community leaders.

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  • 13. Gallardo, Gloria
    et al.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Efterord – förändringens horisont2018In: Ekonomi för Antropocen: skiftet till en hållbar värld / [ed] Robert Österbergh ; Mikael Malmaeus, Stockholm: Carlsson Bokförlag, 2018, p. 338-349Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 14.
    Gallardo-Fernandez, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    “Before we asked for permission, now we only give notice”: Women’s entrance into artisanal fisheries in Chile2018In: Maritime Studies, ISSN 1872-7859, E-ISSN 2212-9790, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 177-188Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the Global South are increasingly subjected to the internationalisation of food systems. Guided by a feminist political ecology approach, we examine how gender relations and power structures within SSF are changing through policy interventions and market linkages. Chilean women working in SSF have traditionally been unregistered direct producers. Since the early 2000s, however, women have formally entered as fishers within this hitherto male-dominated space. Today, women constitute almost a quarter of artisanal fishers in Chile. While women have become more visible, among others, in their engagement in territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs), little research attention has been paid to women’s roles within SSF. We redress this shortfall by examining the struggle to obtain TURFs by an all-women seaweed gatherers union in Coliumo (Bio-Bio Region, Chile). Using participatory research tools, we describe key gendered interactions and events over a local struggle for resources. Our findings show how closely related episodes of cooperation and conflict were involved in realising TURFs, which included differently-gendered relationships. While the women implicated in formalising fishing entitlements accrued individual benefit and enhanced their collective standing, the conflict left a deep scar among women in the community.

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    GallardoSaunders2018
  • 15.
    Gallardo-Fernández, Gloria L.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Saunders, Fred P.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Sokolova, Tatiana
    Börebäck, Kristina
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    van Laerhoven, Frank
    Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
    Kokko, Suvi
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Tuvendal, Magnus
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    We adapt … but is it good or bad? Locating the political ecology and social-ecological systems debate in reindeer herding in the Swedish Sub-Arctic: Locating the political ecology and social-ecological systems debate in reindeer herding in the Swedish Sub-Arctic2017In: Journal of Political Ecology, E-ISSN 1073-0451, Vol. 24, p. 667-691Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reindeer herding (RDH) is a livelihood strategy deeply connected to Sami cultural tradition. This article explores the implications of two theoretical and methodological approaches for grasping complex socio-environmental relationships of RDH in Subarctic Sweden. Based on joint fieldwork, two teams – one that aligns itself with political ecology (PE) and the other with social-ecological systems (SES) – compared PE and SES approaches of understanding RDH. Our purpose was twofold: 1) to describe the situation of Sami RDH through the lenses of PE and SES, exploring how the two approaches interpret the same empirical data; 2) to present an analytical comparison of the ontological and epistemological assumptions of this work, also inferring different courses of action to instigate change for the sustainability of RDH. Key informants from four sameby in the Kiruna region expressed strong support for the continuation of RDH as a cultural and

    economic practice. Concerns about the current situation raised by Sami representatives centered on the cumulative negative impacts on RDH from mining, forestry and tourism. PE and SES researchers offered dissimilar interpretations of the key aspects of the RDH socio-economic situation, namely: the nature and scale of RDH systems; the ubiquitous role of conflict; and conceptualizations of responses to changing socio-environmental conditions. Due to these disparities, PE and SES analyses have radically divergent socio-political implications for what ought to be done to redress the current RDH situation.

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  • 16.
    Gerhardt, Karin
    et al.
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Sverige.
    Wolrath Söderberg, Maria
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Rhetoric.
    Lindblad, Inger
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work.
    Diderichsen, Öjvind
    Södertörn University, Teacher Education, Teacher Education and Aesthetic Learning Processes.
    Gullström, Martin
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Dahlin, Maria
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Rhetoric.
    Köping Olsson, Ann-Sofie
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Business Studies.
    Lehtilä, Kari
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Rasoal, Chato
    Södertörn University, School of Police Studies.
    Dobers, Peter
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Business Studies.
    Johansson, Johanna
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Berndt, Kurt D.
    Södertörn University, Teacher Education, Mathematics Education.
    Karlholm, Dan
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, History and Theory of Art.
    Kjellqvist, Tomas
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Lalander, Rickard
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Vallström, Maria
    Södertörn University, School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Ethnology.
    Alvarsson-Hjort, Jesper
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Psychology.
    Sjöholm, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Aesthetics.
    Lönngren, Ann-Sofie
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Comparative Literature.
    Bydler, Charlotte
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, History and Theory of Art.
    Färjsjö, Eva
    Södertörn University, Teacher Education, Mathematics Education.
    Porseryd, Tove
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Sio, Miriam
    Södertörn University, Teacher Education, Teacher Education and Aesthetic Learning Processes.
    Yazdanpanah, Soheyla
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Gender Studies.
    Pihl Skoog, Emma
    Södertörn University, School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Archive Studies.
    Sörbom, Adrienne
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Wadstein MacLeod, Katarina
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, History and Theory of Art.
    Garrison, Julie
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Andrén, Elinor
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Svärd, Veronica
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work.
    Hajighasemi, Ali
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work.
    Spånberger Weitz, Ylva
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work.
    Elmersjö, Magdalena
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Social Work.
    Persson, Sara
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Business Studies.
    Borevi, Karin
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Political Science.
    Carlsson, Nina
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Political Science.
    Löfgren, Isabel
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Media and Communication Studies.
    Ghose, Sheila
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, English language.
    Bonow, Madeleine
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Bornemark, Jonna
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Centre for Studies in Practical Knowledge.
    Podolian, Olena
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Political Science.
    Grahn, Mats
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Gunnarsson Payne, Jenny
    Södertörn University, School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Ethnology.
    Kaun, Anne
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Media and Communication Studies.
    Faber, Hugo
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Political Science.
    Cederberg, Carl
    Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Centre for Studies in Practical Knowledge.
    Gradén, Mattias
    Högskolan Dalarna, Sverige.
    Nog nu, politiker – ta klimatkrisen på allvar2022In: Aftonbladet, no 2022-08-25Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 17.
    Hauck, Maria
    et al.
    University of Cape Town, USA.
    Gallardo-Fernández, Gloria L.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Crises in the South African abalone and Chilean loco fisheries: Shared challenges and prospects2013In: Maritime Studies, ISSN 1872-7859, E-ISSN 2212-9790, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 1-20, article id 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Worldwide there is an increasing realisation that there is an inextricable link between the natural and human systems, and there is a need to integrate these into the governance of small-scale fisheries. The critical importance of adopting such an approach is argued in this paper by exploring the challenge of resource over-exploitation in the abalone fishery in South Africa and the loco fishery in Chile, both of which faced unsuccessful fishery closures and the implementation of Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs). By exploring similarities and differences in fisheries context and approaches, these case studies highlight that although management strategies have been progressive on paper, they are compromised, to different degrees, by a lack of understanding of the socio-economic and political factors that are influencing the fisheries system. We argue that unless a more integrated approach is adopted to understand the social-ecological system as a whole, few long-term benefits will be secured for both the resources and the livelihoods of fishers.

  • 18. Jokinen, Johanna Carolina
    et al.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Makii, Justin
    Adjusting the Research Agenda to Local Realities: Experiences from Chile2020In: Co-creating Actionable Science: Reflections from the Global North and South / [ed] Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, Fred Saunders, Tatiana Sokolova, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020, p. 71-96Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Nthane, Tsele T.
    et al.
    University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Raemaekers, Serge
    University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa / Abalobi NPO, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Toward Sustainability of South African Small-Scale Fisheries Leveraging ICT Transformation Pathways2020In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 1-22, article id 743Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Though Internet and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been employed in small-scale fisheries (SSFs) globally, they are seldom systematically explored for the ways in which they facilitate equality, democracy and sustainability. Our study explored how ICTs in South African small-scale fisheries are leveraged towards value chain upgrading, collective action and institutional sustainability—key issues that influence small-scale fishery contributions to marine resource sustainability. We held a participatory workshop as part of ongoing research in the town of Lambert’s Bay, South Africa, in collaboration with small-scale fishers and the Abalobi ICT project. We mapped fisher value chain challenges and explored the role of ICT-driven transformation pathways, adopting Wright’s ‘Real Utopian’ framework as the lens through which to explore equality, democracy and institutional sustainability. We found Abalobi’s ICT platform had the potential to facilitate deeper meanings of democracy that incorporate socio-economic reform, collective action and institutional sustainability in South Africa’s small-scale fisheries. Where fishers are not engaged beyond passive generators of data, this had the potential to undermine the goals of increasing power parity between small-scale fisheries and other stakeholders.

  • 20.
    Saunders, Fred
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Transdisciplinary Challenges in the Process of Co-producing Transformation Research with Small-scale Fishers: Case Studies from Chile and Poland2020In: Co-creating Actionable Science: Reflections from the Global North and South / [ed] Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, Fred Saunders, Tatiana Sokolova, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020, p. 35-58Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Saunders, Fred P.
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Gallardo-Fernández, Gloria L.
    Uppsala University, Centre for Sustainable Development.
    Van Tuyen, Truong
    Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietman.
    Raemaekers, Serge
    University of Cape Town, South Africa.
    Marciniak, Boguslaw
    Dıaz Pla, Rodrigo
    Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Chile.
    Transformation of small-scale fisheries: critical transdisciplinary challenges and possibilities2016In: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, ISSN 1877-3435, E-ISSN 1877-3443, Vol. 20, no June, p. 26-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One way to confront the global marginalisation of small-scale fisheries (SSF) is to support a sustainable transformation of these coastal communities. In 2014/15, a network of researchers and SSF communities from four countries cooperated in a transdisciplinary research approach to examine governance shifts, fish stock collapses, power structures, future visions and transformation strategies. We combined a political ecology approach with transformation theory to: (i) consider how local context is affected by structural changes and (ii) identify place-based transformational strategies for each case. The global emergence of large-scale fisheries and associated free markets appeared as key factors negatively affecting SSF and coastal sustainability. Through envisioning exercises and context dependent analysis, SSF communities articulated possible and actual strategies towards sustainability that will require ongoing support.

  • 22.
    Sokolova, Tatiana
    et al.
    EnvirohealthMatters, Sweden.
    Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Saunders, Fred
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Introduction: Learning to Learn from the Complex Interactions and Dilemmas of Field Research2020In: Co-creating Actionable Science: Reflections from the Global North and South / [ed] Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, Fred Saunders, Tatiana Sokolova, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020, p. 1-12Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Wallner-Hahn, Sieglind
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Molander, Fia
    Stockholm University.
    Gallardo, Gloria
    Uppsala universitet.
    Villasante, Sebastian
    University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
    Eklöf, Johan S.
    Stockholm University.
    Jiddawi, Narriman S.
    University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
    de la Torre-Castro, Maricela
    Stockholm University.
    Destructive gear use in a tropical fishery: Institutional factors influencing the willingness- and capacity to change2016In: Marine Policy, ISSN 0308-597X, E-ISSN 1872-9460, Vol. 72, p. 199-210Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to empirically assess institutional aspects shaping fishers’ behavior leading to unsustainable resource use, by using the example of destructive drag-net fishing in Zanzibar, Tanzania. A broad institutional approach was used to specifically assess institutional factors influencing the fishers’ reasons for the current use of destructive drag-nets as well as their willingness- and economic capacity to change to less destructive gears. Different regulative, normative, cultural-cognitive and economic factors (tradition, group-belonging, social acceptance, common practice, identity of drag-net users and weak economic capacity) were identified as critical elements influencing the current use of destructive gears, as well as obstructing changes to other gears. Hence, the importance of addressing all of these factors, matching to the different contexts, rather than focusing on fast-moving regulative measures, is emphasized to increase chances of management success. More promising approaches would be resource allocations to more sustainable fishing gears, well-managed gear exchange programs, as well as alterations of slow-moving normative and cultural factors, e.g. awareness raising on the advantages of more sustainable fishing gears, their traditional and cultural values, information on the actual income they generate, as well as education and an exchange of traditional knowledge on how to use them.

1 - 23 of 23
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