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  • 1.
    MacKenzie, Brian R.
    et al.
    Danish Institute for Fisheries Research.
    Bager, Maibritt
    The University of Southern Denmark.
    Ojaveer, Henn
    Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu.
    Awebro, Kenneth
    Södertörn University, School of Gender, Culture and History, History.
    Heino, Ulla
    University of Turku.
    Holm, Poul
    Roskilde Universitetscenter.
    Must, Aadu
    University of Tartu.
    Multi-decadal scale variability in the eastern Baltic cod fishery 1550-1860 - Evidence and causes2007In: Fisheries Research, ISSN 0165-7836, E-ISSN 1872-6763, Vol. 87, no 2-3, p. 106-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Identification of periods of high and low cod production, and the reasons for these periods, can increase understanding of variability in populations and ecosystems. In this study we investigate the multi-decadal and multi-century scale variations in the cod population in the eastern Baltic Sea (ICES Subdivisions 25-32). Analytically derived estimates of biomass are available since 1966. These estimates show that biomass increased in the late 1970s-early 1980s, but decreased nearly 10-fold until the early 1990s and is still well below the long-term average. Prior to 1966 the biomass of cod is unknown, as is the relative role of fishing, climate variability/regimes, eutrophication and reduction of marine mammal predator populations. We have begun to investigate whether historical fisheries information (landings, effort, distribution) from before the 1880s is available in Baltic archives and museums, and to what extent this information can be used to interpret variations in this population. We have located fisheries data for different parts of the Baltic for different time periods since the 1550s and have interpreted the findings using current process knowledge of oceanographic mechanisms affecting cod reproduction and ecology in the Baltic Sea. The recovered data show that the Baltic ecosystem was able to support modest-large cod populations even though it was oligotrophic and contained large populations of cod predators (e.g., marine mammals). Current ecosystem management policy in the Baltic as developed and implemented by organisations such as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM), the nine coastal countries and the European Union includes recovery of the cod population, a reduction in nutrient loading and measures to promote recovery of seal and harbour porpoise populations. If these policies are successful, the role of predatory fish in the future Baltic could again be substantial and comparable to that which we show existed 450 years ago. However, such a scenario will also require a major reduction in cod fishing mortality and suitable hydrographic conditions which promote successful cod reproduction. Historical ecology investigations in the Baltic can contribute to scientifically based fishery and ecosystem management and recovery plans.

  • 2.
    Ojaveer, Henn
    et al.
    Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu.
    Awebro, Kenneth
    Södertörn University, School of Gender, Culture and History, History.
    Karlsdottir, Hrefha M.
    Reykjavik Academy.
    MacKenzie, Brian R.
    Danish Institute for Fisheries Res.
    Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries during 1868-1913: Spatio-temporal dynamics of catch and fishing effort2007In: Fisheries Research, ISSN 0165-7836, E-ISSN 1872-6763, Vol. 87, no 2-3, p. 137-145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current paper summarizes catch and effort data for Swedish fisheries in the Baltic Sea prior to the standardized recording of fish catches, evaluates spatial and temporal variations and gives interpretations of selected findings. Long-term datasets (1868-1913) of species having different environmental preferences (and of different origin) - marine, migratory and freshwater - are presented for several Swedish counties extending from the Bothnian Bay to the Bornholm Basin. Herring (Clupea harengus membras) was the most important commercial fish-based on landings and also on the amount of historical records available. In addition, herring landings have undoubtedly fluctuated the most. Other commercially important fish were cod (Gadus morhua), salmon and trout (Salmo spp.), flounder (Platichthys flesus), eel (Anguilla anguilla) and whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Different species exhibited different patterns of catch dynamics. In general, the 1880s and the 1890s can be characterized as 'good fishing years' for the Swedish Baltic fisheries: catches of herring and cod were high while fishing effort indices were relatively stable. Sprat was not represented in the catch data and may have been recorded as herring. For several species, regions and time periods, catch-effort relationship exhibited clear coupling. However, in several cases, insufficient or lack of effort-related information hampered data interpretations. In summary, the Swedish fisheries during the late 19th century generally exploited the same species as presently (including a dominance by clupeids), but the relative contributions of individual species have changed.

  • 3.
    Silas, Mathew O.
    et al.
    Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Kishe, Mary A.
    Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Semba, Masumbuko R.
    Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
    Kuboja, Bigeyo N.
    Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Ngatunga, Benjamin
    Tanzania Tuna Fishery National Alliance, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Mgeleka, Said S.
    Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Linderholm, Hans W.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dahl, Martin
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Gullström, Martin
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Seascape configuration influences big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea) catches: Implications for a sustainable fishery2023In: Fisheries Research, ISSN 0165-7836, E-ISSN 1872-6763, Vol. 264, article id 106716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seascape configuration is known to influence fish distribution and abundance in coastal waters. However, there is little information regarding how the shape of the coastal seascape influences catches of landed fisheries species, particularly so in the understudied western Indian Ocean (WIO). With focus on big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea), which is a widely found cephalopod species in the WIO, we compared landed catches (biomass, catch rate, and density) in submerged and exposed reefs, and explored the influence of proximity to fishing villages and reef habitat size on octopus landings. We used fishery-dependent data collected between 2018 and 2020 from eight landing sites spread across the Tanzanian coast. We found a strong relationship between biomass of octopus catch and distance from fished reefs to fishing villages, with higher fished biomass on reefs farther away. Octopus densities were higher, while catch rates were lower, on reefs very close to (within one km distance from) fishing villages compared to more distant reefs. In general, submerged reefs provided higher catches than exposed reefs. The low octopus catches on the exposed reefs were attributed to high fishing pressure, while submerged reefs that are only accessible through diving provide optimal areas for octopuses to grow. Octopus catches were, however, not significantly affected by reef size. The findings suggest that management policies should proportionate fishing efforts to ensure sustainable exploitation of reefs and associated fishery resources.

  • 4.
    Silas, Matthew O.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Sweden; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute,Tanzania.
    Semba, Masumbuko L.
    Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tanzania.
    Mgeleka, Said S.
    Stockholm University, Sweden; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute,Tanzania.
    Van Well, Lisa
    Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Sweden.
    Linderholm, Hans W.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gullström, Martin
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Environmental Science.
    Using fishers’ local ecological knowledge for management of small-scale fisheries in data-poor regions: Comparing seasonal interview and field observation records in East Africa2023In: Fisheries Research, ISSN 0165-7836, E-ISSN 1872-6763, Vol. 264, article id 106721Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fishers, scientists and policy makers need to describe, understand and “agree on” variations in fish catches caused by exploitation and climate change for effective fisheries management. To achieve this, relevant data with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution is a necessity. In regions of the Global South, such as the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), fish catch data useful for management is scarce or non-existing. Still, the potential of local ecological knowledge to provide such information has not been fully utilised in these regions. In this study, we evaluated fishers’ local ecological knowledge (based on interviews) against detailed seasonal fish catch variability data based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) records. Because of the importance of the monsoon seasons for marine resource variability, differences in fish catches during the northeast (NE) and southeast (SE) monsoon seasons were investigated. Fishers’ perceptions generally agreed with catch data records, both showing that the NE monsoon season generally provides higher catch rates than the SE monsoon season. The fishers’ perceptions at two of the landing sites (Nyamisati and Shangani) contradict the recorded observations by showing highest fish catches during the SE monsoon season. It was clear, however, that fishers’ perceptions in these two sites focused on the most valuable target species (prawn and tuna in Nyamisati and Shangani, respectively) rather than total catches. In this particular case, fishers’ perceptions facilitated the significance of taking target species into consideration. The findings of this study highlight the importance of integrating local ecological knowledge into scientific research to help understand the complex dynamics of coastal fisheries and improve the management of data-poor fisheries. 

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