This study examines the work of art in the underground station Kungsträdgården in Stockholm and discusses the observers interpretation of the art in the station. When the artist Ulrik Samuelson got his commission to shape the station he was influenced by Marcel Duchamp and the concept art. Two themes were integrated in the work of art, the actual culture life and the palace called Makalös, which was situated just above the currant station, three hundred years ago. The station was built in two stages.

The first part was opened in 1977 and the second part in 1987. Panofsky´s iconographic working method has been used in this essay. Accurate observations of the work of art and relevant literature studies are described in the study. Samuelson’s work has a lot of references to currant culture, social and political life of the time as well as so called ready-mades from Stockholm and artefacts from Makalös.

The observers understanding of the work of art is dependent on for example the observers age and knowledge. The parts that were present thirty years ago were known by people at that time but are hardly known by anybody nowadays. The modern young observers may not interpret every part of the numerous things and symbols although this will probably not prevent them to enjoy the work of art as a highly artistic production.

This essay explores how artwork in the public space can be analysed, conceptualized and described by bringing attention to site. Through an analysis of artworks in the yearly art exhibition of Fittja Open 2011, the essay draws attention to site-specific art and structures of power. The principal aim is to present not only the exhibition of Fittja Open 2011 but also other artwork in the public sphere in Fittja, a suburb to Stockholm. From this point of departure other interests evolve that concerns the "image" of Fittja. The analysis, based on research in art history, architecture, ethnology and philosophy as well as qualitative interviews, also focuses on understanding the role of site and the relations between art practice, institutions and site.

The result shows that there are problems with a ruptured interface between the artwork and site. The claim made throughout the thesis is that artwork in the public sphere of Fittja need to be sensitive to the conflicted issue of public space in order not to reproduce stereotypes. Despite the knowledge and insight about its local art situation, the study also points out certain insensibility on behalf of Botkyrka konsthall as regards social status and class.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the project Knitting House using art and architectural theories to question the forms of the project as well as the town planning in the area of Husby, a suburb to Stockholm. In order to stress the architectural issues in the area of Husby, the thesis examines the aim and intention of the project Knitting House. The project explores the standardized architectural form that was used and built under the Miljonprogrammet, through the years of 1960-1970 in the neighborhoods of Järvafältet. The thesis will also investigate some of the problems that arise when attempting to discuss knitting as a method used to perform Knitting House.

 This paper explores the relationships between public and private spaces, the areas in between them and how they interact. The claim made throughout the thesis is that Knitting House can function as a political catalyst by presenting a combined perspective of art, architecture and politics to address the social and ethnic segregation in suburbs like Husby. 

In this essay, an interdisciplinary group of researchers sets out to address the period 1780–1840 in Sweden in a new way, by placing nature at its centre. With the help of ecocritical and transcultural theory, combined with renewed attention to the Swedish fine arts, learned discourses, and practices, we suggest a new approach to these revolutionary decades. The perceived dissonance, the interplay between climatic conditions and cultural template in early modern and modern Sweden, has not been fully addressed in current research, despite the fact that the relationship between humankind and the environment is a central issue in contemporary society and scholarship. Representations of nature situate the nation, they negotiate the relationship between a sensed reality and an ideal, between human and more-than-human beings. We suggest a focus on the unpredictable space created by negotiations of nature in Swedish representations during this crucial period, and, furthermore, on the ways in which this creative space is charged with utopian possibilities in the early Anthropocene. This is the background and the driving force of the planned research project ‘Cool Nature: Utopian Landscapes in Sweden 1780–1840’. 

In my paper I adress the question of what happens in the relationship between the beholder, the artwork and the artist when they meet in the era of Web 2.0. The new smartphone based medium that I write about is Instagram. The artist i write about is the Swedish illustrator Jesper Waldersten. My purpose with this paper was to explore how the the beholder, pictures and artist relate to one another i relation to Instagram and how the interface of the smartphone and the app affect the beholder in these relationships. I also seek out to understand the difference between how Instagrams interface affect the beholder in comparison to the interface of the artists web page and his book. I use the method of qualitative empiricism to study Walderstens account. I do this study by counting number of pictures, comments, changes, descriptions and overall alterations over a set period of time. What I found out is that Instagram without a doubt is an important cornerstone of our Web 2.0 participatory-culture and that it have created a space in which we can behold art in a new kind of way. This is partly thanks to how the interface affects the picture and the beholder, but most of all because of how the different Instagram users affect each other.

Bakgrund: Samhället har allt sedan 1980-talet drabbats av en hårt driven ekonomisering och avprofessionalisering via nyliberala abstrakta styrformer. Kontroll uppnås genom att via förenklade modeller mäta effektivitet. Kravet på mätbarhet har även drabbat konstfältet där administrationen har ökat. Således går en stor del av kulturfinansieringen åt till icke-konstnärlig verksamhet. Andra värden än den av konsten fokuseras och konstinstitutioner har i större utsträckning marknadsanpassas och möter kommersiella intressen. Utöver detta har konstnärers produktionsförhållandena försämrats: det finns inte rum, tid och resurser nog, varvid konsten hotas. Situationen är minst sagt ansträngd för många konstnärer, som mer eller mindre tvingats in i egen företagsverksamhet av fältets omgivande organisationer och institutioner. Det finns dock dem som tar spjärn mot denna utveckling och verkar för en förändring. Konstnärer har kollektivt organiserat sig utanför staden som inte längre erbjuder. De är ett fyrtiotal verksamheter spridda över Sverige. Genom nätverk har de förenat sig under en beteckning; de självorganiserade. De skulle kunna sägas utgöra ett mikro-motstånd mot rådande ordning.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad de självorganiserade betyder. Vilka idéer och vad för praktiker ger mening och distinktion gällande de självorganiserade? Vi vill förstå och belysa hur de självorganiserade motiveras och hur de går tillväga för att försöka uppnå förändring av den ordning som de tar spjärn emot på det konstnärliga fältet och i samhället i stort.

Metod: Utifrån en kvalitativ ansats har studien utgjorts av en fallstudie på en central aktör på de självorganiserades fält; Art Lab Gnesta. Material har samlats in genom en gruppintervju, en deltagande observation samt genom skriftliga källor producerade av studieobjektet själv. Detta för att bättre förstå bakomliggande idéer och vad det är som ger mening för självorganiserade konstorganisationer.

Slutsatser: Denna studie handlar om en eventuell institutionaliseringsprocess i sitt blivande. De självorganiserade är ett slags 2020-talets avantgarde. I studien kommer vi fram till att de självorganiserade ska förstås som ett koncept som ger alternativa ramverk i en värld präglad av ohållbar ordning. De självorganiserade öppnar upp för möjligheter och visar på andra vägar. Ansluter många till konceptet kan eventuellt förändringar uppnås. Vi har sett att de lyckas nå ut och legitimeras av både makthavare, konstvärld och lokalbefolkning. När tillräckligt många handlar utifrån liknande koncept kan de utgöra ett institutionellt tryck och eventuellt skapa förändring på fältet. Vi förstår de självorganiserade som en predistination och en strategi för en potentiell framtid. Det handlar om förändring, inget annat kan slås fast då vi är i skeendets initiala stadie. De är en gräsrotsrörelse.

This text deals with the shooting of a movie comedy. The author of this text was script writer as well as director. The film was extremely dependent upon the interpretation of the role of the leading female character, but the director and the leading actress, in spite of their willingness to cooperate, were unable to understand each other, and no creative meeting ever occurred.

The film dealt, in amused distance, with male and female strategies and shortcomings, but the lack of understanding between the director and the leading actress caused the subtleties of the text disappear, so that when the film was ready it was possible to interpret it in a way that partly opposed its intentions.

From the director’s point of view different aspects of the situation are investigated: what could she /should she have done? What are the obstacles for a better understanding? Is ”understanding” dependant only upon that which is verbal? Should the director not only be a director but also a kind of therapist? What is professional and what is private? Could a director who wasn´t also the script writer have seen other solutions? And how does it affect you as a female director never to have role models, only a very clear idea of what you don’t want your professional role to look like.

The director thought she was being constantly compromising, but finds out she was not, she had only a different, and in appearance, friendly but manipulative strategy in trying to reach her goal: that of enforcing and implementing her personal interpretation of the script.

The role of director is also a role, and must be played. Men and women often do it in very different ways. Much more is permitted for men, in the name of”art.” The role of the artist is as such, defined by men. Women are expected to be reasonable and the (their) stage for action appears to be more limited. This is what is expected of them, and is also what many women try to live up to, often in direct conflict with their own interests. It is important to become a less reasonable but clearly defined person.  This often requires training. To become a good director you need knowledge, empathy and experience gained through many mistakes, and not least, you need what Aritsoteles calls fronesis.

This essay examines how the critical reception of French nouveaux réaliste-artist Raymond Hains 1961 exhibition La France déchirée has been articulated at two historically separate occasions.

In her 2010 book Nouveau Réalisme, 1960’s France and the Neo-avant-garde, art historian Jill Carrick examines the fundamental impact the founder of nouveau réalisme – French art critic and theorist Pierre Restany – has had on the movement’s historical reception. According to Carrick Restanys writing established an interpretive framework that remained more or less intact for several decades. In addition to a closer analysis of the movement’s critical reception during the 1960s’, Carrick provides a set of new, alternative readings of a number of nouveaux réaliste artworks, which all originates from a position outside of Restanys interpretive framework. However, at no occasion does Carrick show in what way, or to what extent, her theories about the movements reception history applies to artist Raymond Hains or his practise of décollage. Nor has the historical reception of La France déchirée been examined.

The overall purpose of this essay is to examine whether or not the nature of the critical reception of Raymond Hains 1961 exhibition La France déchirée can be said to fit into the image of the historical reception of nouveau réalisme provided by Carrick. This is done through an analysis of Restanys theorisation of nouveau réalism as provided in the movement’s manifestos. Thereafter follows an examination of in which way and to what extent the critical reception of La France déchirée at two historically separate moments relates to this theorisation. The critical reception of these two moments in time is also compared to each other.

An analysis of the exhibitions historical reception showed that Carrick’s theory of the movement’s reception history could not entirely account for the different aspects of La France déchirées critical reception. By introducing the exhibitions political context into the examination of its historical reception, a new and valuable perspective became clear. Unlike other nouveax réaliste-artworks, La France déchirée had a distinct political character, which situated its historical reception not only within a cultural context, but more importantly within a political one.

Samtidigt som das unheimliche tycks ha fått ett genombrott inom såväl det litteraturvetenskapliga som det filmvetenskapliga fältet har det förblivit ett marginaliserat område inom konstvetenskapen. Motiveringen till detta tycks vara att dess undanglidande natur gör det svårt att slå fast dess visuella uttryck samtidigt som upplevelsen är för nära knutet till det uppfattande subjektets personlig historia och psykologiska disposition för att tillskrivas någon allmän giltighet. Denna uppsats har ämnat undersöka om das unheimliche endast är en rent subjektiv upplevelse eller om det är en upplevelse som kan frammanas genom en estetisk kvalitet och ett estetiskt förfarande. Med utgångspunkt i två svenska konstnärers verk har syftet med denna studie varit att genom semiotisk analys undersöka om de kan sägas bidra till att skapa en unheimlich upplevelse genom en kombination av visuella tekniker.  

Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att koppla den kusliga upplevelsen tillbaka till visuella tekniker såsom kombinationen av separata och motstridiga bildspråk samt genom att introducera främmande element i en bekantgjord miljö. Dessa tekniker arbetar för att förlänga varseblivningen av bilden genom att de skapar en känsla av ovisshet inför det betraktade. Den kusliga upplevelsen kan alltså hävdas ha mindre att göra med personlig historia och psykologisk mottaglighet och mer att göra med socialt, kulturellt och historiskt delade referenser som ligger till grund för den upplevda krocken mellan det välkända och det främmande.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how work by Swedish artist Ylva Ogland (born in 1974) function as an eye-opener for the social marginalisation of people identified with homosexuality, prostitution and drug addiction. Although highly present in reality, these phenomena were historically, and are still today, hidden from view in public discourse. I have focused on the installations Rapture and Silence and Things Seen, and the still-life painting called Xenia. I argue that these artworks carefully represent the above-mentioned marginalised groups, by way of references to comparable motives in the history of art, from neoclassicism in France, to realism and romanticism.

The purpose of this chapter is to make some general conclusions from recently conducted fieldwork on one of the world’s most comprehen- sive, but also selective, communities for film swapping; I have chosen to omit the name of this community out of concern for its members. Specialist torrent sites like these are unregulated in that they are not sanctioned by the copyright industry – yet, internally, they remain highly regulated. The chapter provides an overview and a discussion of these sites, and the way these are integrated in a wider economy of film circulation, user agency, knowledge and affects. In theorizing my findings, I mainly draw on theories of culture and sociality outlined by Pierre Bourdieu. 

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning

Uppsatsen, Graffiti på spel: en kvalitativ undersökning, via NUG, om graffitins autonomi, tar avstamp i kommentarer rörande den svenska graffitiutövaren NUG:s videoverk Territorial Pissing (2008). Kommentarer som uttrycker att graffiti och konst tycks vara två separata världar och när dessa världar möts tycks uttrycket i graffiti inte vara detsamma – är det graffiti? Om graffiti är autonomt när det inträder i konstens fält är en generell diskussion som denna uppsats lämnar ett bidrag till. NUG har en magisterexamen i konst och tillhör de största namnen på Sveriges och Europas graffitiscener. Inom en konstinstitutionell kontext har ett annat uttryck, än de traditionella graffitibokstäverna, kunnat konstateras; irrationella streck och kaskader av svart sprayfärg. De förstås som energi, alstrad från akten att måla graffiti, samt framstår som en nödvändighet. Uppsatsen diskuterar en graffitipraktik och dess relation till konstfältet. I konstens fält står graffiti på spel och autonomin hamnar i det som igenkännes och erkännes. Detta är också en uppsats om hur NUG går från en manlig utövarposition, in till en manlig, konventionell och stark konstnärsposition, i förening med Pollock, samt hur NUG har en fot i ”graffitins fält” respektive en fot i konstens fält och hur han manövrerar dessa fält. 

The aim of this thesis is to expand the understanding of 16th century Flemish art by approaching paintings by artists Pieter Aertsen (1508-1575), Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) and Pieter Bruegel (c. 1525-1569) from a different perspective. This is done by extending the discourse of art history, into a discourse of literary history and primarily 16th century novels by authors such as François Rabelais and Miguel de Cervantes. The paintings are studied in relation to these 16th century novels, by comparison and as a testament of this specific time period. A widening contextualization is also constructed in which a connection to the expression of the carnivals ambivalent form, as well as the notion of lower classes is explored.       These alternative readings utilize a theoretical basis in Michail Bachtin, Svetlana Alpers and Walter Gibson, among others. The thesis also sets out from a hermeneutic point of view as well as a critical analysis of the discourse of art history. The general understanding of these paintings, formed through the discourse of art history, is questioned and revaluated in the meeting and clash between art and literature. The thesis concludes that the ways these paintings have been viewed and understood, in studies of art history, have been too narrow to produce a full understanding of these diverse expressions of an equally diverse period in time. A foundation for a new conception of the renaissance is thereby formed; a conception that promotes further studies.The aim of this thesis is to expand the understanding of 16th century Flemish art by approaching paintings by artists Pieter Aertsen (1508-1575), Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) and Pieter Bruegel (c. 1525-1569) from a different perspective. This is done by extending the discourse of art history, into a discourse of literary history and primarily 16th century novels by authors such as François Rabelais and Miguel de Cervantes. The paintings are studied in relation to these 16th century novels, by comparison and as a testament of this specific time period. A widening contextualization is also constructed in which a connection to the expression of the carnivals ambivalent form, as well as the notion of lower classes is explored.       These alternative readings utilize a theoretical basis in Michail Bachtin, Svetlana Alpers and Walter Gibson, among others. The thesis also sets out from a hermeneutic point of view as well as a critical analysis of the discourse of art history. The general understanding of these paintings, formed through the discourse of art history, is questioned and revaluated in the meeting and clash between art and literature. The thesis concludes that the ways these paintings have been viewed and understood, in studies of art history, have been too narrow to produce a full understanding of these diverse expressions of an equally diverse period in time. A foundation for a new conception of the renaissance is thereby formed; a conception that promotes further studies.

In this talk, I will address aspects of temporality in poetics. I will argue, that temporality characterizes a certain use of poetics that seems to be the opposite of poetics as it ap- pears for example in literary theory. I will argue, however, that while feminist criticism sometimes use poetics as a means to oppose encompassing theoretical frameworks, it nevertheless integrates the traditional use of poetics since self-reflexivity is an important aspect here. In this regard, poetics rather emerges as a framework for thinking than a framework that defines thinking. In this sense poetics takes place in the contemporary, that is, in the making of theoretical and artistic practices. In the first part of the talk, I will discuss how the self-reflexive aspect unfolds in relation to the rejection of encompassing theoreti- cal frameworks in feminist criticism. In the second part of the talk, I will address the Ameri- can poet Lyn Hejinian’s notion of a poetics that is characterized as ”a thinking on”. This characterization is based on the stress on form in poetic language that Hejinian traces back to Russian formalism. I will claim, that this is another example of the temporal aspect of poetics, as this ”thinking on” takes place in the contemporary.

The title of our paper alluds to a poem by the American writer Adrienne Rich. The poem suggests the sublime capacity of art to effect change, while at the same time acknowledging that art also can be ineffectual in the face of despair. The history of public art is fraught with controversy, and this fact is also addressed by a number of researchers in our field. As the philosopher Hilde Hein writes ”we go to private art, but public art is come upon,” referring to public art as ”unwanted art” (2006, 55). Our project is not concerned with the controversy of public art, but with a topic that we believe is under-theorized in our field, namely how the social and ethical meaning of memorials and public art are reproduced as a discourse. We argue, that there is a Post Witness Art discourse that reproduce the idea that art must bear wittness to catastrophic events, even when the people that are effected by these events opposes the very existence of art. We will argue, that to look at Post Witness Art as part of a discourse that defines art as remembrance and mourning, means that we have to acknowledge that this discourse carries a certain language, words that in themselves manifest power. In our paper we ask, what does claims of democracy and inclusiveness mean when the art world is faced with opposition? What if there are situations were art simply is not the answer, as the title of Rich´s poem suggests? We will address these matters with a specific case in mind, namely Memory Wound. This is a memorial design by the Swedish artist Jonas Dahlberg, commisioned by Public Art Norway, in the aftermath of the horrific attacks at the government buildings and Utøya in Norway on the 22 of July 2011. The attacks claimed a total of 77 lives and hundreds were injured. With a ”wound that can never be healed” Dahlberg intended the design to “reflect the abrupt and permanent loss.” Dahlbergs design illustrates the loss in the presence of a cut – like an injury – and has a site/non-site logics that is a recurrent image in many contemporary memorials. In our paper, we will adress the collision between the people that live in the proximity to where Memory Wound were to be situated, and the advocators for the memorial, namely the art world. In an open letter an international group of acclaimed artists and curators appealed to the Norwegian government to ”be brave and allow Memory Wound to become a dignified place of healing”. This letter exhibits what we will adress as a tacit understanding of how public art should function, as a mediator between the private and the public. The arguments in favour of Memory Wound that came from the art world show, that there is an underlying assumption that art has a democratic and healing function, that is reflected by the words that are used. We will discuss the advocator’s arguments in the context of a post-habermasian notion of modernity and a “progressive reading on history” where freedom, autonomy and emancipation will be the result. In this research project we work together as a collaborative duo called arketeg.freyr, and this talk will consequently be presented as a combined effort.

The focus of this essay is to investigate if there lies a difference between graffiti art that is placed in the public spaces and graffiti art that is sited in an institutional art setting; in this essay exemplified in a gallery space. My thesis is that graffiti art derives a great deal of its meaning and substance from its situation consequently making a change of cultural context also a change of connotation and understanding of the graffiti art itself.  Meaning that graffiti art situated in a communal space is different from graffiti art situated in the gallery space. They share aesthetic expression but their connotations differ; i.e. one being illegal and the other permissible making their meanings dissimilar. I have used a comparison between site-specific art and graffiti art to further strengthen my thesis concerning the importance of understanding how a change of context critically changes the substance of graffiti art.

The paper discusses the problems contemporary Swedish art criticism faces when judging performance art and interactive art. Problems include among others that performance art is collectively ignored in Swedish newspaper art criticism. This prevents art critics from fair contextualising of contemporary performance art. Down in the rabbit hole, performance by Tris Vonna-Michell and its reception exemplifies these problems. Performance and interactive art seems to be disturbing art critics. Works of art which demands the viewer to take active part in its realisation makes it hard – not to say impossible - to maintain an objective point of wiew. Objectivity has been a condition to be able to judge a work of art since Kant’s theories 1791. In order to isolate all the problems concerning performance art and interactive art, the conditions of contemporary Swedish newspaper art criticism are described. To show that the general conditions and its problems have been discussed earlier, the paper also includes the latest big debate about Swedish art criticism. The paper shows that the problem for art critics to remain objective and independent from the work of art presented is not exclusive for performance and interactive art. It is an emblematic problem for Swedish art criticism 2006. This problem includes economic and careerist opportunities witch makes it hard for Swedish art critics to remain independent.

The monumental sculpture group The Fantastic Paradise (Le Paradis Fantastique, 1967), a collaboration between the artists Niki de Saint Phalle and Jean Tinguely, was donated to Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden and installed by the water on the island Skeppsholmen in 1971. This was followed by a conflict that lasted 16 years centered around the relationship between the sculptures and the surroundings, in which The Fantastic Paradise was perceived by some as both grotesque and obscene, as well as highly unsuitable in relation to the historical environment. As a result, the sculpture group was moved to a less visible location in 1987.

This thesis aims firstly to examine the historical context of the donation of The Fantastic Paradise to Moderna Museet. The study shows that the donation was the lucky result of a series of events shaped by circumstances such as personal relationships. The artists were life-long friends of the director of the museum at the time, Pontus Hultén, who aimed to incorporate avantgardist ideas into the museum's activities in the 1960’s. The Fantastic Paradise, located in front of the entrance of the museum, continues to function as a reminder of that era, which has come to be seen as the institution's formative years.

Secondly, this thesis aims to contextualise and interpret the meaning of the art work through the use of semiotic theory and the concept of the implicit beholder. This interpretive part of the study is divided into two chapters, in accordance with the dualistic structure of the sculpture group itself. It follows two separate but linked theoretical directions: movement in Jean Tinguely’s machines, and corporeality and femininity in the Nanas, fantasy creatures and vegetation motifs of Niki de Saint Phalle. The interpretation shows that The Fantastic Paradise through both of these aspects can be read as an anti-classicistic comment in an art historical perspective. The concept of movement can be found not only in the actual movements of the kinetic sculptures, but also, in the case of The Fantastic Paradise, implies an idea of an activated, embodied beholder that is constructed as a political subject.

Rapporten ämnar ge en grundläggande översikt över hur konstnärers personarkiv hanteras i det svenska arkivväsendet. Den är tänkt att utgöra ett underlag för vidare studier, där frågorna kan fördjupas och undersökas vidare. Rapporten utreder vart personarkiv efter svenska bildkonstnärer kan doneras, hur beslutsprocessen ser ur samt vilka problem som kan uppstå specifikt för konstnärers personarkiv. Med utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ fallstudie har material samlats in från åtta konst- och arkivinstitutioner. 

Jag har studerat grunden till Föreningen Svenska Konstnärinnors bildande för att undersöka ifall antagandet att föreningen instiftades som en reaktion mot den manliga konstnärsgruppen De unga och deras första utställning på Hallins konsthandel 1909 stämmer. Jag har vidare undersökt ifall det finns något samband mellan grundandet av föreningen och de kvinnliga Matisseelevernas uteslutande ur De unga. Genom en historiografisk undersökning samt Griselda Pollocks genusteori har jag med kvantitativa studier kommit fram till att Föreningen Svenska Konstnärinnor grundades då enskilda kvinnor inte hade rätten att ställa ut sin konst. Föreningens bildande grundar sig i de kvinnliga konstnärernas önskan om förbättrade juridiska rättigheter. Genom den statistik jag fört fram i detta arbete kan jag också konstatera att det inte finns något samband mellan föreningens bildande och de kvinnliga Matisseelevernas uteslutande ur De unga, detta då de kvinnliga Matisseelevernas deltagande i Föreningen Svenska Konstnärinnors utställningar är allt för lågt för att kunna ha haft någon påverkan. 

Study objects: Three different productions companies which the authors have chosen to be anonymous. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to examine why production companies choose to use 3D-animations in television commercials, and what different kind of aspects affects their decisions. Theoretical: The theoretical chapter reviews the history of 3D-animation andtelevision commercials and other fields that will be relevant laterin the analysis and discussion. Method: A case study has been made on three different companies, two of the companies are active in post-production and the other one is active in the consulting area. Data was collected through semistructured interviews with two of the companies. The last interview was conducted via e-mail. Conclusions: There were different ground aspects (economy, control, targetaudience, consumer impression) that affected a productioncompany’s decision in whether or not to use 3D-animation in theirproductions of television commercials.

Un débat entre Bilo Høegh Stigsen, Anja Kervanto Nevanlinna, Morten Birk Jørgensen, Tor Lindstrand et Håkan Nilsson, mené par Nicolas Escach

With increasing inequality in the world, having knowledge about the apparatuses maintaining unequal social structures is important. Utopian and dystopian science fiction films are a good source for analysis of social structures, due to their inherent interest in social critique and the role of semiotics in the spreading of ideology. This essay examines how ideology is presented and represented in the science fiction films Metropolis and Snowpiercer. Within a Marxist theoretical framework, the essay analyses the presence and actions of ideological state apparatuses in the films, with a secondary focus on how the ideology on display is presented to the viewer. The analysis of the films shows that several different ideological state apparatuses, such as school and politics, are represented in the films. The apparatuses are also shown to use a variety of pedagogic actions for teaching the dominant ideology of the respective film’s ruling class to the citizens of the films, such as lecturing, singing and communicating through clothing and architecture. The analysis also shows that while two different political ideologies are represented in the films, corporatism in Metropolis and neoliberalism in Snowpiercer, both ideologies serve the same purpose of maintaining the capitalist order of the films’ societies: the division of labour. The essay argues that the findings of the analysis motivate a Marxist approach to teaching, in order to actively work against inequality and provide all students with a well-rounded education, no matter what social class they belong to.

The text discusses the folk-tale princess as a good role model for both children and adults, from a feminist debate concerning this issue. Also an iconographic study, it compares women in folk-tale illustrations with women represented in fin-de-Siècle art concentrating on the Great mother goddess and the femme fatale, finding similarities between folk-tale illustrations and other art. Besides that, the text look at the interest for Swedish folk-tales in the 1890´s, the connection between women as illustrators of children’s books and ideas about nature and womanhood that might have had influence on the Swedish artist Elsa Beskow at the time.

This study is about the artist Monica Sjoo’s (1938-2005) painting God giving birth (1968) that was accused of being blasphemous and obscene in the early 1970s. God giving birth could have had much in common with Niki de Saint-Phalle’s She – a cathedral (1966), both works suggesting a mother goddess image. The main difference however can be found in the fact that Monica Sjoo’s painting had connection to the women’s movement in the 1970s. Monica Sjoo’s artwork responded to other feminist artwork of that period. Among several feminist artists during the period about 1968-1985, an iconography was in use that focused on vulvar imagery, experience of childbirth and goddess images. In particulary the mother goddess was embraced. The female body in art was re-sacred and invested with meaning connected with women’s cycles of birth-death and rebirth and the earth as a mother goddess.

Bindandets betydelse för det kreativa sammanhanget – en studie av musikutgivning är en vetenskaplig essä vilken undersöker relationen mellan vilja, sammanhang och kreativitet i musikaliska utgivningsprocesser. Utgångspunkten är det formatarbete som äger rum i utgivningsprocesser, när idéer kring en utgivnings värden möts och måttas mot en realisering. Syftet med en utgivning förstås som att nå en målgrupp. I formatarbetet anpassas och paketeras en artists verk därför för ett optimalt potentiellt bindande utgivningsformat. 

Utgivningsprocessen förstås som ett skeende där framförda tankar och handlingar av de i konstnärlig ledning resulterar i en slutgiltig utgivning. Ett skeende av både villkorande och konstruerande av handlingsutrymme. I arbetet mot detta slutgiltiga format kan kreativitet både förlösas och hämmas beroende av hur relationer är konstruerade och konstrueras i processen. 

Uppsatsen undersöker därmed utgivningsprocessen som en kollektiv, kreativ handling av den utgivande artisten, skivbolaget och deras tänkta målgrupp av brukare. Utifrån denna position förstås sammanhanget för en utgivning konstruerat av olika relativa band av mening byggda av känslor för verken, upplevd förståelse för verk och deltagarnas viljor med verkens utgivning. Uppsatsen skriver fram en förståelse för hur en utgivningsprocess utfall är avhängigt hur sammanhang av olika band mellan artist och skivbolag är konstruerat och konstrueras genom ett inkännande av syfte och mål, upplevt eget handlingsutrymme samt omsorg och respekt för den andres handlingsutrymme.    

Essäns teoretiska reflektion utgår till stor del från Giordano Brunos begrepp band och bindande. Band och bindande testas som ett koncept för att förstå handling som sprungen ur en kollektiv tankepraktik av olika viljor. För vidgad förståelse av kunskap i handling, praktisk kunskap testas Brunos teori om hur handling leds av band mellan människor och kännande som en kunskapspraktik. Bruno beskriver känsla som en praktisk form av kunskap. En praktisk kunskap vilken påverkar hur vi tillsammans med andra och i olika skeenden gradvis leder och leds i och till handling.

Essäns metod är delvis den vetenskapliga essän som skrivform i sig. Ett dialektiskt pendlande mellan erfarenhetsbaserat och teoretiskt understött reflekterande. Reflektionen utgår i grunden från modern hermeneutisk filosofi och dess syn på förståelse som sammansmältningar av förståelsehorisonter vilket sker genom framläggning och främmandegörande av tidigare förståelse. Skrivande, läsning och teoretisk analys har i uppsatsarbetet använts för att främmandegöra den förförståelse kring exempelvis kreativitet som skrivits fram i subjektivt gestaltade skeenden och i den tidigare forskning uppsatsen utgår från. 

Essän avser att bidra med en erfarenhetsbaserad reflektion till fortsatt vetenskaplig forskning kring yrkeskunskap inom kreativitet och musikutgivning.

In this article, we suggest that the notion of “aesthetic cultures of protest” can be understood as designating two broad tendencies in the contemporary field of art and politics: on the one hand, the incorporation of the protest by the art world and, on the other hand, the appropriation of aesthetic traits by social protests. To counteract the ethical immediacy of both, we turn to Theodor W. Adorno’s more dialectical understanding of the relationship between protests and the aesthetic. After being marshalled against art’s internalisation of protest, and the protests’ appropriation of the aesthetic, we assess Adorno’s notion of form and autonomy through an immanent critique that is both conceptual and historical. We argue that Adorno’s aesthetics lacks an understanding of social labour, to which it itself ascribes great conceptual significance, and that recent changes in the global composition of capital and labour has affected the role of social labour in such a way that Adorno’s tendency to identify art’s autonomy with its negativity can no longer be upheld. Finally, we argue that the characteristics, which Adorno ascribes to the work of art has migrated to, and been realised by, a form of protest which reemerged simultaneously with the death of Adorno, namely the riot.