När den legendariska svenska reportern Barbro Alving, signaturen Bang, 1951 åker på reportageresa till det svenska Norrland gör hon sig till talesperson för myndigheternas framväxande välfärdsprojekt. Detta innebär att norrlänningar ska uppfostras till bättre hygien, bättre matvanor och bättre läsvanor. Den här artikeln gör generaliserande värderingar synliga när narratologisk och medieretorisk analys samt stilanalys belyser ett samspel mellan berättarperspektiv och berättarröst i Bangs åtta reportage från Norrland. Analysen visar hur valet av källor återspeglar ett klassamhälle där högre samhällsföreträdare, tillsammans med den berättande reportern, får stå för artikelseriens problemformuleringar samtidigt som framför allt fattiga kvinnors livssituation skildras med medkänsla men sällan någon djupare inlevelse. Med en närmast filantropisk blick görs norrlänningar till föremål för ”folkhemmets” välfärdsförbättrande insatser, samtidigt som de själva inte inkluderas i det ”vi” där reportern och hennes Stockholmsläsare ingår.

Hur ser berättelsen om svensk gängkriminalitet ut i tre aktuella reportageböcker och med vilken berättarteknik är den konstruerad? Med en blandning av narratologisk och medieretorisk analysmetod undersöker den här artikeln hur innehåll och form samspelar i Mammorna av Alexandra Pascalidou, Familjen av Johanna Bäck- ström Lerneby och Tills alla dör av Diamant Salihu. En slutsats är att skiftande berättarperspektiv kan motverka ensidighet, samtidigt som narrativ medkänsla utan parallell narrativ inlevelse kan hindra läsarens möjlighet att föreställa sig de skildrade människornas situation. Dramatiserade händelseförlopp kan öka närvarokänslan, medan en reporter som ifrågasätter sin egen auktoritet uppmuntrar läsaren till att undvika förenklande slutsatser. Till sist bidrar person- beskrivningar och urval av fakta i de tre böckerna till skilda budskap. Studien visar att reportagegenren tack vare sin narrativa form har potential att skildra samhällsproblem på komplexa sätt. Detta gäller särskilt när gestaltningen kombineras med gedigen faktaresearch. 

In recent years, media researchers have displayed an increased interest in emotion as an element of the content in both news journalism and narrative journalism. These studies lack a theoretical definition of emotion and do not usually specify what characterizes narrative journalism more than it being "not objective" and, consequently, not similar to conventional journalism. In practice, they identify emotion through frames of personalization or explicit expressions of feelings and evaluations. However, narrative journalism integrates implicitly conveyed emotion. To enable a broader understanding of the function of emotion in narrative journalism, this article gives examples of and analyzes how emotion and the related concept subjectivity is used and discussed in two different fields of research: social sciences-influenced journalism studies and literature-influenced studies. The dualistic view on journalism as either subjective or objective is questioned when narrative journalism (also known as reportage or literary journalism) is placed in a professional context, where the genre is based on its own tradition and represents its own form of knowledge, due to its main characteristic: a narrative form. Finally, the article demonstrates how tools drawn from narratology can illuminate diverse storytelling techniques that transmit emotion implicitly rather than explicitly.

This audience study explores the changes of news consumption and avoidance behaviour by young millennial immigrants from various backgrounds, living in Stockholm, Sweden. Considering various theoretical frameworks, such as the intentional vs. unintentional model (Skovsgaard & Andersen, 2020), the migration change model (Tabor & Milfont, 2011), as well as a combination of a phenomenology of news model (Bengtsson & Johansson, 2021) and media repertoires established by Swart et al. (2017), a qualitative research has been conducted consisting of eight semi-structured interviews. Through a thematic analysis possible patterns have been established and findings show that individuals tend to change their behaviour in news consumption for various reasons. (1) Participants want to be able to establish their own news-routines and use their migration as an opportunity for a new start, (2) there is a certain influence by people closest to them and with their social circle changing, their (news) interests change as well, and (3) motivation and interest play an important role in shaping new consumption behaviours in a new country: the more one is interested in learning more about the new country, its culture and its language, the more likely they are to check that country’s traditional news media sources.

Denna studie granskar källor i form av personer i rapporteringen kring terrordådet på Drottninggatan 2017. Krissituationer innebär ett akut och stort behov av information hos allmänheten. Forskning har påvisat att svenska medier brister ur en källkritisk aspekt vid rapportering kring kriser, därför är det viktigt att granska källanvändningen vid dessa extraordinära händelser. I den här undersökningen fokuserar vi på personkällor och en av frågeställningarna som studien behandlar är: Vilka personkällor användes i rapporteringen? Inom kriskommunikationsforskningen är det vanligt att dela in en kris i olika faser då rapporteringens tema skiftar under olika tidpunkter i krisen. Därför behandlar studien även frågeställningarna: I vilka artikelteman förekommer de olika personkällorna? Vilka likheter och skillnader fanns i användningen av personkällor i fas 1 och fas 2? Vilka likheter och skillnader fanns i förekomsten av olika artikelteman i fas 1 och fas? 

Studien bygger på en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av totalt 290 nyhetsartiklar från Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen och Svenska Dagbladet. 

Resultatet av studien visar att de vanligaste personkällorna var ”polis” och ”politiker”. Förstahandskällor var vanligast med 78% av alla personkällor och 10% utgjordes av alla personkällor utan namn. Manliga personkällor dominerade rapporteringen med 77% och kvinnorna utgjorde 33%. Resultatet visade även att det fanns vissa skillnader mellan de två faserna. Det förekom fler personkällor i fas 1 generellt och även fler elitpersoner. Frekvensen av olika personkällor och artikelteman förändrades i de två faserna vilket påvisar att rapporteringens innehåll såg olika ut vid olika tidpunkter i krisen.

As a social networking and microblogging platform that allows communication with short messages, Twitter has the potential of being used by social scientists to study users, uses, and societal communication and networking online. This How-to Guide introduces practical steps on how to gather and analyze Twitter data to answer research questions of interest. The guide starts with a discussion of the value that studying Twitter brings to social scientists while noting some of the main challenges and limitations. Thereafter, the guide introduces general principles that need to be understood prior to doing Twitter research. Those principles are meant to help guide the researcher in creating a proper research design starting with formulating the research questions, moving to the stage of identifying the most effective methods for data gathering, and ending with the analysis stage to answer those questions. Readers who wish to explore the field are encouraged to apply the main guidelines presented in this guide to case studies using tools that allow the extraction and analysis of Twitter data.

As a social networking and microblogging platform that allows communication with short messages, Twitter has the potential of being used by social scientists to study users, uses, and societal communication and networking online. This How-to Guide introduces practical steps on how to extract and analyze Twitter data using the Mecodify open-source tool as a demonstration of using one of the widely used tools to do Twitter research. The intention behind using just one tool is to shorten the reader’s learning curve through a brief but practical introduction to an established open-source tool that is meant to make Twitter research more intuitive and easier to do. Readers who wish to explore the field further are encouraged to experiment with other tools that have richer features such as advanced correlation and regression analysis and artificial intelligence-driven natural language processing, which are beyond the scope of this guide.

Ever since the Bitcoin phenomenon gained momentum in recent years, much has been written about blockchain applications and prospects in the FinTech industry, business and healthcare. Yet, very little if any scholarly work has been done to study how the peer-to-peer, decentralized and highly disruptive blockchain technology may impact or be used by news media and journalists. This article is an effort to contribute to the body of scholarship on journalism as well as distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) by exploring blockchain’s potential applications and challenges when dealing with journalism's most fundamental pillars such as fact checking, data gathering and analysis.

The study explores two case studies demonstrating distinct uses of permissionless blockchains. The first revolves around blockchains as a source of information that could be used by data journalists to extract valuable insights regarding payment transactions and network formation as illustrated by the investigative reporting done on the 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack.

The second case study is around the use of the technology as a basis for revolutionizing journalism as an industry by leveraging the technology’s core characteristics, namely decentralisation, immutability and transparency. The latter case study will look into two ongoing journalistic projects namely the Distributed News Network and Civil, which promise allowing the creation and management of content without centralized control or even a centralized newsroom in ways that could effectively limit the spread of fake news and propaganda.

The paper analyses the objectives, methods and limitations of the case studies and uses interviews and content analysis of empirical data obtained from primary sources. By reflecting on Rogers’ theory of the diffusion of innovation, the study assesses the impact of blockchains in comparison to other earlier technologies such as the diffusion of the Internet.

It is hoped that the conclusions drawn from this study could help inform journalists and media about the potential uses and limitations of blockchain technology in journalism as well as initiate a scholarly curiosity with a futuristic outlook to understanding the role of cutting edge and disruptive technologies on society.

The aim of this study is to examine how two Swedish newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, described the US occupation of Iraq (2003) and the Russian annexation of Crimea (2014). The questions examined are: How did DN and SvD form their news report regarding the US occupation of Iraq and the Russian annexation of Crimea? How were the involved countries (The US, Russia, Iraq and Crimea (Ukraine) etc.) portrayed? What kind of ideological messages can be told from the articles? 

Using the analysis method of Berglez (2019), as well as the method of critical discourse analysis (CDA) by Norman Fairclough (1995), ten news articles from each newspaper were analyzed. Theories used are the Gramscian theory of hegemony, the Bourdieu field theory and framing theory. The study shows that there are differences in how the two interventions were portrayed. The newspapers correspondents appeared to picture the conflicts in a way that may reflect the reporters own view of the conflict. Especially the SvD reporters appeared to be critical of the US war in Iraq. Both newspapers were prone to portraying Russia in a negative way as well as the US as a legitimate power. DN, to a greater extent than SvD, reproduced Russian stereotypes.

Research into political satire programs show that they can be informative in the same way traditional news inform citizens and that the audience trust the information told by satirists. The political satire program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver has inspired the phenomenon ‘the John Oliver Effect’ due to comedian John Oliver’s ability to influence the world of politics and beyond with his in-depth investigations in serious subjects. In the author’s previous research Last Week Tonight has been portrayed by the media as being a credible source despite being the work of a comedian. This study therefore aimed to research what it is that makes Oliver and Last Week Tonight a credible source and whether some aspects of the reporting can be seen as communication campaign. With the theory of source credibility as part of its core, this study used the method of multimodality to ascertain that the main aspect that spoke to Oliver’s credibility was his perceived trustworthiness rather that his expertise or attractiveness. Using the same method but with the theory of communication campaign as part of its core, the study also ascertained that the program in general possessed some characteristics of a communication campaign but to be completely successful an episode had to possess all characteristics of a communication campaign. Merging this with previous research would indicate that subjectivity – Oliver’s authenticity and honest opinions and feelings – play an important part in his perceived credibility.

In this essay I will argue that as peer-to-peer (p2p)-based file-sharing increasingly becomes the norm for media acquisition among the general Internet public, entities such as The Pirate Bay and associated quasi-institutional entities such as Piratbyrån, Zeropaid, TorrentFreak, etc. have begun to appear less as a reactive force (i.e. ‘breaking the rules’) and more as a proactive one (‘setting the rules’). In providing platforms for sharing and for voicing dissent towards the established entertainment industry, the increasing autonomy gained by these piratical actors becomes more akin to the concept of ‘positive liberty’ than to a purely ‘negative,’ reactive one.1 Rather than complain about the conservatism of established forms of distribution they simply create new, alternative ones. Entities such as The Pirate Bay can thus be said to have effectively had the ‘upper hand’ in the conflict over the future of copyright and digital distribution. They increasingly set the terms with regard to establishing not only technical protocols for distribution but also codes of behaviour and discursive norms. The entertainment industry is then forced to react to these terms. In this sense, the likes of The Pirate Bay become – in the language of French philosopher Michel de Certeau (1984) – strategic rather than tactical. With this, however, comes the added problem of becoming exposed by their opponents as visible perpetrators of particular acts. The strategic sovereignty of sites such as The Pirate Bay makes them appear to be the reason for the wider change in media distribution, not just an incidental side-effect of it.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand the world-view of cultural consumers who download and share copyrighted content for free.

Design/methodology/approach – By utilizing a critical discourse analysis of the arguments given by file-sharers in online forums and in interviews, focusing on the arguments which arise for justifying certain everyday uses, and contrasting these with their material and structural conditions, a critical approach is sought, inquiring on the validity of certain tropes. Particularity was achieved by making a geographically delimited case study.

Findings – The case study helps to conceptualize online sociality, with wider application than this geographical setting only. As BitTorrent technology makes every downloader share his/her files while downloading, file-sharing is found to accommodate individual opportunism, and a world-view that puts the consumer at the centre of agency, in turn reinforcing the civic idea of cultural access and diversity as a human right.

Research limitations/implications – Previous findings have correlated heavy file-sharing with heavy consumption of culture. However, given the greater ability of previewing material and of acquiring more obscure content, how have the habits and consumption patterns changed among media consumers who routinely file-share? More detailed studies are needed, on how individual users come to question their own role, and the impact of their own actions – and what the level of awareness actually is (in different geographical/demographic settings) of the conditions for cultural production, distribution and consumption. A range of potential new research areas and scenarios is listed.

Practical implications – Given the common constituents seen in the world-views of file-sharers, this civic approach to intellectual property could prompt professional producers, distributors, rights holders and regulators to consider the actual visibility of potential impacts of file-sharing. The civic approach suggests that file-sharers can reconcile with individual authors or artists, as long as these are found to have precarious economic conditions, and not be affiliated with an industrial mode of reasoning. Cultural producers that are seen to adhere to a civic (amateur- or fan-like) mode of reasoning – rather than an industrial (professional) one – are met with more sympathy among consumers.

Originality/value – The paper is of interest for media sociology, cultural studies, and policymaking within the cultural industries.

If it is possible to speak of a coherent file-­sharing movement in Sweden, what are the principal societal factors shaping it? This paper contextualises the recent history of Swedish peer­-to-­peer­-based file­sharing as forming part of a wider shift in politics towards a late-modern collective ethic. Everyday file-­sharers operate as ‘occasional activists’, as pirate institutions not only speak for, but also run and build the networks. Such institutions ­ The Pirate Bay, Piratbyrån, and The Pirate Party ­ cannot be explained by invoking market logics, online communitarianism, or political motivation alone. The cyberliberties activism animating these hubs is connected to the larger framework of balancing utilitarianism, nationalism, individual autonomy and collectivism in Sweden. Further, the emergent Swedish file­-sharing justificatory regime hinges on a general view of what the internet is, what it is good for, and how it should look in the future, as the file-­sharer argumentation rests on the inevitability of unrestricted file exchange on the internet, while the industrialist concerns of the cultural industries emphasize instead how exchange should be regulated and sanctioned by accountable providers.

En bok om fildelningens teknik, politik, juridik och moral. Hur ska vi förhålla oss till vår nya digitala verklighet?

Förstår vi kraften i Internet bäst genom en uppsättning av illasinnade repressiva förkortningar (Ipred, FRA, Acta) eller genom en förutsättningslös politisk diskussion kring vilket slags lagstiftning som ska gälla för den digitala domänen? De svenska riksdagspartiernas växlande syn på fildelning och upphovsrätt har under de senaste åren flankerats av nya, och mer radikala sätt att betrakta frågan.

Boken för ett resonemang om vår nya digitala verklighet. Ett antal skribenter nalkas ämnet från olika utgångspunkter och ger en bred bild av vad som är annorlunda i vår tid; efter Pirate Bay. Redaktörer är Jonas Andersson och Pelle Snickars.

Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka förstå hur unga kvinnor upplever att ha ett digitalt jag på den sociala medieplattformen Facebook. För att få en förståelse av deras upplevelse har jag valt att dela upp teoriavsnittet i två större delar. Den första delen syftar på att förklara konsekvenserna av att leva i en värld som präglas av medier. Utgångspunkten ligger i McLuhans välkända begrepp ”The medium is the message” (1964/2001) för att förstå hur de nya sociala medierna blir en förlängning av den egna fysiska kroppen och Thompsons interaktionstyper (1995/2001).

Det andra teoriavsnittet behandlar hur man kan försöka förstå människors upplevelse av att leva i en värld som präglas av medier. Här har jag valt att utgå från Sherry Turkles teorier (1995/1997) om hur Internet har blivit en plats där människor kan laborera med olika konstruktioner av jaget. Jag har valt att komplettera detta med Jenny Sundéns teorier i hennes avhandling Material virtualities (2002) samt med fenomenologin som avser att studera upplevelsen av ett fenomen.

Den fenomenologiska metoden använder sig av kvalitativa undersökningar och jag har i min studie utfört fem kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med unga kvinnor mellan 24-30 år.

Resultatet av undersökningen visar att unga kvinnor upplever sitt digitala jag som en förlängning av det verkliga jaget, men även begränsat då Facebook endast återger en begränsad bild av jaget. Det fanns även en medvetenhet kring att de framställde det egna jaget positivt genom att de var selektiva i vilken information de publicerade om sig själva. Detta påverkade också tilltron till andras digitala jag.

Vidare upplevde kvinnorna att de till viss mån var begränsade i kommunikationen på Facebook i relation till kommunikationen ansikte mot ansikte. Facebook upplevdes dels som ett fysiskt rum där de kunde vara (med sina sinnen). Det framkom också att kvinnorna upplevde att detta rum hade en egen tid som fortlöpte även då de själva inte var där.

The purpose of this chapter is to make some general conclusions from recently conducted fieldwork on one of the world’s most comprehen- sive, but also selective, communities for film swapping; I have chosen to omit the name of this community out of concern for its members. Specialist torrent sites like these are unregulated in that they are not sanctioned by the copyright industry – yet, internally, they remain highly regulated. The chapter provides an overview and a discussion of these sites, and the way these are integrated in a wider economy of film circulation, user agency, knowledge and affects. In theorizing my findings, I mainly draw on theories of culture and sociality outlined by Pierre Bourdieu. 

This book summarizes the role that The Pirate Bay has played during the last decade, but also connects the history of this infamous site with the emergence of legal services such as Spotify. The book also serves as an up-to-date summary of various strands of research on file sharing—particularly, user motivation and justification.

 — 

It is apparent that file sharing on the Internet has become an emerging norm of media consumption—especially among young people. This book provides a critical perspective on this phenomenon, exploring issues related to file sharing, downloading, peer-to-peer networks, "piracy," and (not least) policy issues regarding these practices. Andersson Schwartz critically engages with the justificatory discourses of the actual file-sharers, taking Sweden as a geographic focus. By focusing on the example of Sweden—home to both The Pirate Bay and Spotify—he provides a unique insight into a mentality that drives both innovation and deviance and accommodates sharing in both its unadulterated and its compliant, business-friendly forms.

 — 

Online file sharing does not only entail music files but movies, software, and e-books alike. The phenomenon has been an integral part of online life for more than a decade. From my own and other researchers' findings it is apparent that unregulated file sharing is an emergent norm—if not even a new condition to media consumption—especially among young people. In countries like the US, the UK, Sweden, and South Korea, access to high-speed broadband is commonplace; both file sharers who I have interviewed and those who speak out in online forums hold that file sharing is as natural an element online as trees would be in the forest. This original and thought-provoking book critically summarizes debates on this topic, on a level which is approachable to undergraduates, yet useful for postgraduates and senior scholars as well. The book is based on a novel approach that fuses close-range, micro observations of user behavior and reasoning with macro perspectives of political economy and infrastructural features of digitization. Through exploring the reflexive management of the self, found among media audiences, insights into more innovative modes of management in the media industries are elicited. Through merging an ontological inquiry (popularized by theorists such as Bruno Latour) with an economics of complexity and networks (popularized by theorists like Manuel Castells) new insights into both online sociality, media anthropology, and modes of accumulation can be sought. The continuity between Spotify and illegal file sharing is explored through a critical account that examines the discourses of both file sharers and industry stalwarts. Tendencies towards "information idealism" and "networked accumulation" are scrutinized; they are found to be endemic among actors striving to extract value from online, granular dissemination. In the first place, the book would suit undergraduates on courses in media and communications—especially undergrad courses in new media, and the sociology of the Internet. The book can be seen as a critical introduction, a historical overview, as well as a case study of file-sharing—explaining the infrastructures, the particular modes of media use involved; ultimately, sketching out a political economy of unregulated file-sharing, based on the current historical record, listing some observed economic repercussions, alongside potential future ones. A major secondary market would be postgraduate students, Ph.D. students, researchers, and lecturers. The great appeal with this book is that it would be of interest to several groups within academia. It would appeal both to scholars of my own subject, media and communications (especially, the history and sociology of new, digital media)—but it would appeal also to scholars of science and technology studies (STS), since the topic raises numerous interesting questions about the nature of technology, the complexity of agency and morality, while simultaneously offering a "case study," and thus some specificity in an otherwise broad, slippery subject.

This roundtable discussion draws together researchers with an interest of overcoming purely juridical treatment of piracy in their work. Christopher Kelty and Gabriella Coleman consider the aspects of cyberculture, which conflictually engage with intellectual property rights, through various communities of technology practice, including hackers. Patricia Aufderheide and Peter Jaszi’s work on fair use addresses the growing opportunities for creators in the United States to utilize the tradition in their creative fields. Jonas Andersson Schwarz and Patrick Burkart, co-editors of this special issue, have researched user motivations and political activism around copyright and software patent reforms, partially explaining the emergence of dozens of European Pirate Parties, beginning with the Swedish Pirates in 2006.

Taking Sweden as a case study, the role of public service broadcasting (PSB) is explored, with a focus on issues of data retention and innovation that accompany web distribution. The issue of predicting audience preferences by means of data retention is investigated, and the related problem of organizational autonomy when interacting with commercial actors in the digital sphere. We hypothesize that previous tendencies towards paternalism might be equally supplemented by tendencies towards so-called “panspectric” surveillance and tracking, given a technological environment where such practices are increasingly common. We argue that the absence of advertising partially helps keep these broadcasters from panspectric temptation. Still, practices such as Facebook integration entail a panspectric element. We ask whether the potential increase in the efficacy of targeting audiences promised by panspectric practices might be offset by its negative impact on civic accountability. Is there a possibility for a “benign,” democratically accountable panspectrocism?

On Facebook there are interest groups created by journalists, for journalists, that focus on the journalistic profession and work methods. One example is the Swedish group, “Datajournalistik” (in English, “Data Journalism”), which was created in 2012. This article builds on Granovetter’s theory on the strength of weak ties and is focused on the skill development process taking place in the group. A content analysis has been carried out of all posts that received comments in order to explore the social functions of the group. The results indicate both a significant need for knowledge exchange and a need for self-affirmation. At the time of the study, the group was unique in the Nordic countries and as such has played a major role in data journalism’s development process in the Nordic region. 

Valåret 2014 har inneburit att datajournalistik kommit igång på allvar inom desvenska medieföretagen. För att bli framgångsrik är fem områden centrala:datajournalistisk kompetens, nya organisatoriska lösningar på redaktionen,tillgång till data, användarupplevelsen och aff ärsmodellen.

Interactivity in news storytelling has introduced possibilities for the audience to be in control of the story. These complex animations come from a convergence of skills and have managed to somewhat displace the boundaries of what journalism is, how it is produced, and how it can be consumed. In this chapter, a historical account of successful and failed media-rich news features will help us understand the hybrid role of interactivity in journalism and how it affects journalistic decision-making, starting with the forgotten technology of electronic paper (e-paper), originally designed for transmission over the digital audio broadcasting network (DAB), and the early development of news apps (news applications) such as ProPublica's Dollars for Docs to the animation used in the long-read format of The New York Times' “Snow Fall” and the development of journalistic crowdsourced data visualizations based on easy-to-use tools such as Swedish SvD's Räntekartan. Furthermore, visualizations in journalism include elements that engage and educate the audience, such as the sensor data-based German WDR animal welfare project Super Cows. While interactivity can soften hard news topics and make the audience stay longer with the content, news stories are protected by traditional norms. Therefore, interactive features are still modest, sometimes surprisingly simple, and normalized to traditional journalism practices.

On Facebook there are interest groups created by journalists, for journalists, that focus on the journalistic profession and work methods. One example is the Swedish group, "Datajournalistik" (in English, "Data Journalism") created in 2012. The group has grown to more than 1,000 Nordic members, most of whom are active data journalists working primarily at Swedish media companies. This article builds on Granovetter's theory on the strength of weak ties. A content analysis of all posts with comments has been carried out to discuss tie strength in relation to information sharing and addressivity in the group. The findings indicate that Datajournalistik forms a network where the individuals are mainly connected by weak ties. Another conclusion is that the group has a function in developing data journalistic competence, but it also functions as means for journalists to promote Nordic data journalistic work in their community giving others credit while at the same time taking some of the credit for oneself.

Trusting the audience to contribute data, a practice called crowdsourcing, is one of several procedures of contemporary data journalism. While previous research has embraced the idea of crowdsourcing as a transparent way of engaging the audience, the journalistic practice of crowdsourcing is currently still limited. The Spanish case is particularly illuminating of the gap between theoretical expectations and reality. Although online news media in Spain stands out because of its commitment to exploring interactive possibilities, and its audience is especially prone to comment on news, this qualitative study presents evidence that Spanish data journalists remain quite reluctant to embrace crowdsourcing as a research method. Based on semi-structured interviews with five Spanish data journalists, this paper explains the motivations behind this reluctance as well as the challenges of activating the audience.

This article aims to understand the distinctive mechanisms of digital media use, seen in relation to cultural practices at large. The empirical material is a survey study of university students at the Business Administration, Media and Communication Stud-ies, Political Science and Philosophy departments at Södertörn University, Sweden. The empirical analysis deals with the students’ digital media use and preferences, and how these are related to their broader cultural practices and preferences. Spe-cific attention is paid to the webpages the students mention in the survey, and how these are distributed among the groups. By showing detailed information on these areas, the mechanisms of difference of digital media use are revealed.

The growing governance of algorithms and the rapid emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the ‘Internet of Things’, has intensified discussions about the relationship between humans and machines, and the ethics of everyday life with technologies. It raises questions such as: How should we live with technologies? Can humans still make decisions? The earlier taken for granted authority of humans is clearly debatable, and sometimes also dismissed, particularly within Actor Network Theory (ANT). In this paper, I look into the basic premises of the ethics of ANT, explore suggested ethical perspectives within ANT such as ‘disclosive’ ethics, and continue by penetrating the relation between agency and ethics, as well as between morality and ethics in ANT. ANT is further discussed as on the one hand a sociological perspective and on the other hand an ethical approach. Based on this analysis I propose the anthropological perspective of an ‘ethics of the ordinary’ as a possible way to learn from the basic premises of ANT while maintaining a human notion of ethics in a technology‐conflated culture.