The amount of open-source information – that is, data, images, and footage that is openly available to the public - is growing exponentially. With it, so is the number of citizens analysing this data to form open-source intelligence (OSINT). Using the 2022 invasion of Ukraine as a case study, this study highlights the motivations behind the citizen OSINT analysts who are uncovering events on the frontline and verifying significant amounts of data from such events. Through interviews with 10 citizen OSINT analysts – all voluntarily contributing to OSINT in relation to the invasion of Ukraine, as well as other major OSINT projects – this study demonstrates the motivations behind this growing community. The findings reflect a new era of participation and advocacy and are a demonstration of self-determination theory. The findings demonstrate citizens’ sceptic views towards traditional media but also, that with a more analytical approach, with improved transparency and collaboration there is reason to be optimistic about the future of journalism and audience engagement.

In this paper we explore approaches to intervention research viewed from a broadly conceived culturalpsychological perspective. Although scholars who adopt this perspective share a belief in the centrality of culture in human development, they may differ in how they conceive of culture and how it enters into and participates in human thought and action. We examine two cultural-psychological strategies for developing and sustaining innovative educational environments: design experimentation and mutual appropriation. Design experimentation is an approach in which researchers and practitioners collaborate to simultaneously engineer innovative learning environments and understand salient aspects of human cognition and learning. They do so by developing and implementing, in a specific educational setting, a version of a learning design and iteratively revising this design in light of results from each implementation. Mutual appropriation refers to interventions in which the nature of the intervention is not prespecified, but negotiated among participants over time. We examine these approaches by introducing two examples of university-community research and educational collaborations. The first collaboration, The Beach Boys & Girls Club, is an example of an intervention based on the principles of design experimentation, while the second, the Town and Country Learning Center, illustrates the mutual appropriation approach. Through this comparative examination of the two intervention perspectives, we endeavor to show that a mutual appropriation approach can help the field create interventions that are themselves developmental in their fundamental methodology. © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

This is a qualitative study based on interviews and the essay is composed by Siham El Hajoui and Nahrin Issa, students of Södertörns Högskola. The title of the study starts with a quote, taken from one of the respondents that reflects the expectations that people have of psychologist today. The purpose of this study is to investigate on how psychologist’s gets affected by their profession, how they draw a line between work and the remaining life and if they empathize with their clients. The study does also discuss the expectations that exists on psychologists, by their clients or in general. The study is based on six interviews with psychologists, who have been working at least 3 years as legitimized psychologists.

The result of the study shows that the respondents experience that the psychologist occupation is difficult, and that one is required to have work experiences to be able to handle it in a good way. It was shown that it exists expectations on the respondents that affects them in a way that makes them use different strategies to be able to draw a line between work and the private life. The result was analyzed with the help of previous research about how to draw the line between work and remaining the life, doctors’ sympathy with patients, job burnout and with the help of theories about roles and empathy.

Background: Many potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD have been investigated, but the consistency and magnitude of their effects are unclear. We aimed to systematically appraise the published evidence of association between potential risk factors, protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers, and ADHD. Methods: In this umbrella review of meta-analyses, we searched PubMed including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from database inception to Oct 31, 2019, and screened the references of relevant articles. We included systematic reviews that provided meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations of potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers with diagnosis of ADHD. We included meta-analyses that used categorical ADHD diagnosis criteria according to DSM, hyperkinetic disorder according to ICD, or criteria that were less rigorous than DSM or ICD, such as self-report. We excluded articles that did not examine environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers of ADHD; articles that did not include a meta-analysis; and articles that did not present enough data for re-analysis. We excluded non-human studies, primary studies, genetic studies, and conference abstracts. We calculated summary effect estimates (odds ratio [OR], relative risk [RR], weighted mean difference [WMD], Cohen's d, and Hedges' g), 95% CI, heterogeneity I2 statistic, 95% prediction interval, small study effects, and excess significance biases. We did analyses under credibility ceilings, and assessed the quality of the meta-analyses with AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2). This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019145032. Findings: We identified 1839 articles, of which 35 were eligible for inclusion. These 35 articles yielded 63 meta-analyses encompassing 40 environmental risk factors and environmental protective factors (median cases 16 850, median population 91 954) and 23 peripheral biomarkers (median cases 175, median controls 187). Evidence of association was convincing (class I) for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (OR 1·63, 95% CI 1·49 to 1·77), childhood eczema (1·31, 1·20 to 1·44), hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (1·29, 1·22 to 1·36), pre-eclampsia (1·28, 1·21 to 1·35), and maternal acetaminophen exposure during pregnancy (RR 1·25, 95% CI 1·17 to 1·34). Evidence of association was highly suggestive (class II) for maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·45 to 1·76), childhood asthma (1·51, 1·4 to 1·63), maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (1·28, 1·21 to 1·35), and serum vitamin D (WMD −6·93, 95% CI −9·34 to −4·51). Interpretation: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight; pre-eclampsia, hypertension, acetaminophen exposure, and smoking during pregnancy; and childhood atopic diseases were strongly associated with ADHD. Previous familial studies suggest that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, overweight, and smoking during pregnancy are confounded by familial or genetic factors, and further high-quality studies are therefore required to establish causality.

Arnolds Norlinds bok Från min veranda kan ses som en “sammanhängande kedja av meditationer” skrivna av en “konvalescent under en lycklig sommarmånad”. Det är en samling meditationer som med associationer till världslitteraturen rör sig genom ett mångskiftande spektrum av erfarenheter och fenomen av mer eller mindre allmänmänsklig karaktär. Norlind tar sig an förunderligheten i livets ständigt pågående skapelseprocess, vårt sökande efter sanning, enhet och en plats av trygghet bortom de illusioner som binder oss samt kärlekens befrielsegörande kraft. Men vi finner också reflektioner över människans kamp med det inre och det yttre mörkret – ångesten, ondskan och döden. Dante rör sig bakom scenen när vi tar del bokens framställningar och som vår ledsagare genom meditationerna om livets mångfald antar Norlind karaktären av både en Vergilius och en Beatrice. 

Krönikeböckerna om Narnia utgör tillsammans en öppning in till en annan värld, en värld som ligger bortom men ändå så nära. Inte enbart i avseendet av att så förment vardagliga ting som en garderobsdörr, en port eller en tavla i böckerna kan fungera som portaler till ”de ljungbevuxna bergens och de timjansdoftande hedarnas Narnia” (Hästen och hans pojke). Inte heller enbart i bemärkelsen av att varje enskild bok är en ingång till ett läsäventyr, någonting som självklart gäller för många böcker i allmänhet. Dessa saker är förstås riktiga, men vad vi ska ta fasta på här är att berättelserna om Narnia rymmer på en atmosfär som inte bara tenderar att befrämja barnasinnets läsart, utan som även kan leda oss fram till en djupare insikt i det heliga som ett mysterium tremendum et fascinans. 

Roger Lancelyn Green och Walter Hooper betonar i C. S. Lewis: A Biography, att Narniaböckerna först och främst bör läsas för de storartade berättelser som de i sig själva är. De är fullt självtillräckliga utan hjälp av teoretiska tolkningar. Samtidigt är det ett faktum att dessa mytopoetiska verk också kan läsas utifrån flera olika nivåer: berättelsernas manifesta skeenden, de underliggande strukturerna (den medeltida kosmologin, den kristna symboliken) och de litterära referenserna. Bokserien är som ett hus som är större på insidan än utsidan, precis som trädgården i Narniaberättelsen Den sista striden, och som bara blir större vartefter vi rör oss i det. Om vi dessutom ser ut genom husets fönster kommer vi att finna att den vardagliga världen utanför till vår djupa glädje framstår i nytt ljus. Som Alister McGrath säger i C. S.Lewis: A Life, om vi har ett öppet sinne — och ser med barnasinnets ögon— kommer vår upplevelse av Narniaböckerna att förändra och utvidga vår verklighetsuppfattning och vår förståelse av det heliga.