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  • 1. Aaboen, Lise
    et al.
    Lindelöf, Peter
    Löfsten, Hans
    Incubator performance: an efficiency frontier analysis2008In: International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, ISSN 1751-0252, Vol. 2, no 4, p. 354-380Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Aaboen, Lise
    et al.
    Lindelöf, Peter
    Löfsten, Hans
    Towards incubator facilitation of technology transfer2008In: International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, ISSN 1468-4330, E-ISSN 1741-8127, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 331-335Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3. Aaboen, Lise
    et al.
    Lindelöf, Peter
    von Koch, Christopher
    Löfsten, Hans
    Corporate governance and performance of small high-tech firms in Sweden2006In: Technovation, ISSN 0166-4972, E-ISSN 1879-2383, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 955-968Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The approach uses data from a sample of 183 small high-tech firms, new, technology-based firms (small high-tech firms) in Sweden (54 variables under the headings of work experience, board and advice, financing, motivation-performance priorities, technological innovation and strategy). This study identifies some core areas of importance in corporate governance. Few managers in this study had a strong background and experience of finance and the preparation of business. Only 64 per cent of the managers have had previous work experience before starting the firm. The survey makes it clear that the small high-tech firms are likely to have a strong link with banking institutions. The consequence of these links is that most of the firm's capital supply is from banks, and that there are strong ownership links between banks and industry. The background of the founder does seem to have had an effect on the problem of financing and ownership issues. It is private sector organizations (banks) and families that are most frequently consulted by small high-tech firms (However, low means). It is also the private and public sector organizations, in connection with external board membership, regional development agencies and banks that are most frequently consulted. In the future, it is reasonable to search for factor patterns that can begin to explain and predict the direction of corporate governance in small new technology-based firms.

  • 4.
    Aagah, Awa
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Economics.
    Baydono, Sibel
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Economics.
    Does openness affect economic growth?: A panel data on developing and developed countries2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth through a panel analysis containing a set of 61 countries over 15 years. The method we use is the fixed effect regression model in Stata, to see whether openness to trade has explanatory power over GDP per capita growth. We use secondary data taken from World bank and Worldwide Governance Indicators. The data used is a panel data containing 61 countries and the period we are studying starts at 2002 and ends in 2016, a 15 years' time interval. Our empirical results suggest that openness during these years have had a small negative impact on growth, but although this, the variable does not seem to have a statistical significance upon per capita growth within this period of time. Therefore, with reference to this study we cannot see any significance of openness upon growth.

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  • 5.
    Aaltonen, David
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Business Studies.
    Sköld, Mathias
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Business Studies.
    Behöver pensionssystemet en förändring?: En studie om investmentbolag i premiepensionssystemet2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is evaluate if there is another investment opportunity than the current investment opportunities in the Swedish pension system. In order to do this the study will produce a portfolio of a Swedishand an international investment company with a good balance between risk and return for a comparison of today’s premium pension scheme.

    Methodology: The study is based on historical data for ten years which further is analyzed through the Pearson R model. The selection consists of investment companies in the Nordic- and the American market. Along with the quantitative study an interview will be made with a representative well familiar with savings and pension investments. Finally the credibility of the study and methodology criticism is presented.

    Theoretical Framework: The theoretical frame of reference consists of previous theories that are relevant to produce the best-suited portfolio. Markowitz modern portfolio theory is the main theory which is supplemented by additional essential measures as the Sharpe ratio. Furthermore, a developed portfolio theory by Grubel & Solnik is applied to get an international perspective.

    Result: The result consists of a presentation of the processed data as underlies the analysis being carried out.

    Conclusions: The study produces a portfolio in the form of Bure Equity AB and Berkshire Hathaway. In comparison with the pre-existing pension options the study’s portfolio shows a significantly higher nominal return. The constellation of Bure Equity AB and Berkshire Hathaway exhibits a nominal return of 19,75 % in relation to the active saver in the premium pension with a nominal return of 7 %. The passive saver assigned to AP7 Safa exhibits a nominal return of 11 %.

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  • 6.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Journalism.
    Att se genom andras ögon: narrativa stretegier för att skapa inlevelse i reportage2014Report (Other academic)
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  • 7.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Journalism.
    Barbro Alvings folkhemsblick exotiserar Norrland2023In: Mediehistorisk tidsskrift, E-ISSN 2464-4277, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 299-323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    När den legendariska svenska reportern Barbro Alving, signaturen Bang, 1951 åker på reportageresa till det svenska Norrland gör hon sig till talesperson för myndigheternas framväxande välfärdsprojekt. Detta innebär att norrlänningar ska uppfostras till bättre hygien, bättre matvanor och bättre läsvanor. Den här artikeln gör generaliserande värderingar synliga när narratologisk och medieretorisk analys samt stilanalys belyser ett samspel mellan berättarperspektiv och berättarröst i Bangs åtta reportage från Norrland. Analysen visar hur valet av källor återspeglar ett klassamhälle där högre samhällsföreträdare, tillsammans med den berättande reportern, får stå för artikelseriens problemformuleringar samtidigt som framför allt fattiga kvinnors livssituation skildras med medkänsla men sällan någon djupare inlevelse. Med en närmast filantropisk blick görs norrlänningar till föremål för ”folkhemmets” välfärdsförbättrande insatser, samtidigt som de själva inte inkluderas i det ”vi” där reportern och hennes Stockholmsläsare ingår.

  • 8.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Journalism.
    Den engagerade reportern: Svenska sociala reportage 1910–20102023 (ed. 1)Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social reportages are written by reporters who fight for the weak and expose injustices. So it is said in the profession, in handbooks and among the genre’s supporters. But what is hidden behind the ideal? And what does the commitment look like when it is converted into text? This book highlights reportages by some of the 20th century’s most celebrated Swedish reporters and examines the ways in which their texts convey a commitment to the reader. The narratologically based analyses are performed against a background of changing ideas about a reporter’s role in society. It turns out that the commitment is often time-related and can be counteracted by generalizing values about the depicted people. Here, the difference between empathy and compassion becomes crucial.

    The selected reporters represent Swedish social reportage at central turning points within the tradition. Ester Blenda Nordström and Gustaf Hellström have been chosen for the 1910s, Ivar Lo-Johansson for the years around 1930, Barbro Alving for the 1950s, Jan Guillou for the 1970s and Maciej Zaremba and Karen Söderberg for the 1990s and 2000s.

  • 9.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Communication, Media and it, Journalism.
    Det tidlösa reportaget2011Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 10.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Journalism. Stockholms universitet.
    Långsamhetens journalistik – reportaget vittnar om sin samtid2020In: Vad är journalistik?: En antologi av journalistiklärare på Södertörns högskola / [ed] Elin Gardeström & Hanna Sofia Rehnberg, Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2020, p. 67-76Chapter in book (Other academic)
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    Långsamhetens journalistik – reportaget vittnar om sin samtid
  • 11.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Journalism.
    Narratologia a dziennikarstwo literackie: W jaki sposób wzajemne oddziaływanie głosu oraz punktu widzenia może służyć wytworzeniu zrozumienia dla Innego2016In: Tekstualia, ISSN 1734-6029, no 4, p. 5-28Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Aare, Cecilia
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Journalism.
    Skiftande berättarperspektiv och självkritisk reporter komplicerar bilden: Budskap och berättarteknik i tre svenska reportageböcker om gängkriminalitet2023In: Journalistica, ISSN 1901-6220, E-ISSN 1904-7967, Vol. 17, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hur ser berättelsen om svensk gängkriminalitet ut i tre aktuella reportageböcker och med vilken berättarteknik är den konstruerad? Med en blandning av narratologisk och medieretorisk analysmetod undersöker den här artikeln hur innehåll och form samspelar i Mammorna av Alexandra Pascalidou, Familjen av Johanna Bäck- ström Lerneby och Tills alla dör av Diamant Salihu. En slutsats är att skiftande berättarperspektiv kan motverka ensidighet, samtidigt som narrativ medkänsla utan parallell narrativ inlevelse kan hindra läsarens möjlighet att föreställa sig de skildrade människornas situation. Dramatiserade händelseförlopp kan öka närvarokänslan, medan en reporter som ifrågasätter sin egen auktoritet uppmuntrar läsaren till att undvika förenklande slutsatser. Till sist bidrar person- beskrivningar och urval av fakta i de tre böckerna till skilda budskap. Studien visar att reportagegenren tack vare sin narrativa form har potential att skildra samhällsproblem på komplexa sätt. Detta gäller särskilt när gestaltningen kombineras med gedigen faktaresearch. 

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  • 13.
    Aarflot, Elin
    Södertörn University College, School of Discourse Studies.
    Att hitta sig själv bland: sex- och samlevnadsundervisning i ett sexualiserat samhälle2005Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
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  • 14.
    AArskog, Pernilla
    et al.
    Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies.
    Lange, Annika
    Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies.
    Konkurrensstrategier: En studie om konkurrensen på den svenska kontaktlinsmarknaden2006Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Title: Strategies for competition – a study of the Swedish contact lenses market.

    Authors: Pernilla AArskog and Annika Lange.

    Background: As a market gets more mature and the competition increases, it is more important for a company to apply the right strategic perspective. There are four fundamental strategic perspectives for a service-oriented business: a core product-, a price-, an image- and a service perspective. This study is a about service management and take its point from the theories from the Nordic School about strategies for competition, customer value, perceived customer quality and customer loyalty.

    Purpose: The main purpose with this study is to analyze and evaluate how the actors at the Swedish market of contact lenses should compete to gain further competitive advantages.

    Method: The study includes four qualitative interviews with two traditional opticians and two Internet based businesses, but also a survey with 106 contact lens users is included.

    Analysis: In the analyse part of this thesis it was concluded that the traditional opticians conception about their customer not agrees with what the customer evaluate as important. Many of the customers have thought about changing their optician, and besides that do not recommend their optician, and can there for not be categorize as loyal customers. The Internet based businesses conception about their customer is more in line with the customer groups about the company and their service. These customers do recommend their optician.

    Result: In the result it can be concluded that the traditional opticians should change to a service perspective as their comprehensive strategic perspective, which means that the relation with the customer is the most important for the company. The Internet bases businesses should continue working from a price perspective since they have huge economy of scales.

    Keywords: Customer value, strategies for competition, perceived customer quality and customer loyalty.

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  • 15. Aasen, Berit
    et al.
    Brandell, Inga
    Notat om arbetskraft og industri i Tredje Varlden1984In: Sosiologi i dag, ISSN 0332-6330, E-ISSN 1893-4617, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 83-96Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Abadiga, Gidi A
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Business Studies.
    Neibig, Marcel
    Södertörn University, School of Business Studies.
    Value vs Growth Stocks: Do Value Stocks Outperform Growth Stocks? Stockholm Stock Markets, 1995-20092012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study tries to examine if investment in value stocks (poor performing stocks) can generate superior returns over investment in growth stocks.

    Historical stock data for stocks traded in Stockholmstock markets are collected from various sources such as Börsguide and Reuters Thomson Ecowin Pro database. Using these and other relevant secondary historical data, stocks were grouped into value and growth portfolios depending on their P/E-multiples for five buy and hold periods which range from twelve months up to sixty months between investment periods 1996 and 2009.

    In each portfolio holding period, different numbers of value and growth stocks, ranging from, for example eleven stocks in period one, to twenty stocks in period five are purchased and held for an initial investment of 20000 SEK at the beginning of each portfolio holding period for the purpose of the study.

    The returns to these investments are computed for three different average return measurements. These are annual Mean Price Returns, Holding Period Returns and Risk-Adjusted Returns for each of the portfolio holding year, for the entire holding periods as well as for the entire portfolio holding periods combined together. Using the spread between these measures, the performances of both value and growth stocks are analyzed.

    When all the five portfolios are combined together and the mean annual rate of returns are computed, value stocks outperform growth stocks by an average of 15.1 % mean annual Risk -Adjusted Return Rate. The result for Holding Period Return is an average of 5.6 % higher than the growth stocks.

    These results indicate that investment made in value stocks identified using historical fundamental data can generate superior returns than growth stocks. Consequently, it can cautiously be argued thatStockholmstock markets appear to exhibit the characteristics of the semi-strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis.

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  • 17.
    Abbas, Amal
    Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen.
    Ledarskap i klassrummet: En kvalitativ studie om hur fyra lärare förhåller sig till pedagogiskt ledarskap2010Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to analyse the attitude of four teachers to leadership in the classroom. The main research questions asked were:

    • What are the teachers` views on leadership in the classroom?
    • What does good versus  bad leadership mean to the teachers?
    • What factors influence the teachers' leadership in the classroom, according to themselves?

    The method used is the qualitative method and interviews, which is my empirical material, I relate to different theories and previous research of leadership.

    The curriculum for the compulsory school system, the pre-school class and the leisure-time centre, Lpo 94, says a lot about how both the school and the teacher must pursue a democratic activity; the teacher must have a democratic leadership in the classroom (Lpo 94, s. 5). At school, the pupils should be met with respect, they should feel safe and be motivated to learn. They must constantly develop and have lots of opportunities to experience the joy of making progress (Lpo 94, s. 7).

    A teacher's leadership is all about control and leading students to the goals that are set up and that pupils should achieve. Knowledge and development are the most important factors in school and therefore it is important to find out what different leadership styles that are most successful.

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  • 18.
    Abbas, Najat
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Business Studies.
    Happier Childrens etableringsprocess: En studie om socialt entreprenörskap vid etablering utomlands2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of the study is to describe how social entrepreneurs' establishment process and then identify the challenges and factors that social entrepreneurs should take into account when establishing abroad and what resources that have been used to tackle the various challenges.

    Research questions:

    • How do social entrepreneurs establish operations abroad?
    • What factors are important to consider for social entrepreneurs when establishing abroad?
    • Witch resources can be used by social entrepreneurs to tackle the challenges that comes along when establishing abroad?

    Method: This is a case study and is investigating the case with social entrepreneurs' establishment process of the non-profit organization Happier Children in Morocco. Introspective method and qualitative research strategy were used to gather the empirical material. The study is based on an inductive approach. The study's choice of respondents consists of Swedish social entrepreneurs who established an orphanage in Morocco.

    Theory: The theories used in this study are Barriers during establishment abroad and Resources used during establishment abroad.

    Conclusions and results: This study showed that social entrepreneurs established a business/ projects in Morocco by first having a preparatory work. The preparatory work included planning, material collection and procurement, information retrieval, administrative applications and the establishment of a new wider network. Thereafter, the social entrepreneurs established their projects in Morocco. The periods for the social entrepreneur’s establishment process of the various projects and programs varied between three months to two years. During the establishment process of Happier Children, all of the social entrepreneurs experienced various challenges. These challenges caused stress, frustration, disappointment, lack of trust and cooperation, limited information availability and constant 7 barriers. It is therefore important that social entrepreneurs when establishing abroad should take into account factors such as differences in language, culture, business ethics, administrative support, the occurrence of corruption, inadequate access to information and the importance of a broad network and social capital

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  • 19.
    Abbasi, Tara
    Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology.
    Bostadsmiljöns påverkan på unga kvinnors identitetsutveckling: En studie om sex unga kvinnor och deras upplevelser av identitet och stigmatisering2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this qualitative and empirical study was to study a group of young women and how they shaped their identites through their experiences and selfrealisation in the suburb Tensta. The main focus of the study was to find what significance and impact the environment had and how much it effetct the individuals’ self image and place in society. Further more the study was done through semi-structured interviews. The different kinds of theories used in this study were mainly Goffman's theory on stigma, Link and Phelan’s explanation model for the process of stigmatization, Skegg’s theory on effeminately as a norm, and the author Sobring etc. as the source to understand the different identity concepts. With the help of these explanation models we learned to comprehend and get a better view of what these young women felt in their stigmitized area called Tensta and how it affected their identity and behaviour. Also, in how they saw themselves and their self image we could draw real life conclusions and what we found out was that these women had ambitious feelings about the future with a general positivity despite their location. Even though they have been and are still being discriminated and stigmitized against, they still keept a postive outlook on life.

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    Bostadsmiljöns påverkan på unga kvinnors identitetsutveckling
  • 20.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Attitudes and Factual Considerations of Regional Actors Towards Experience Industries and The Tourism Industry: A Swedish Case Study2016In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, ISSN 1502-2250, E-ISSN 1502-2269, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 225-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines the attitudes towards experience industries and tourism in the Gnosjö region of Sweden. The investigation is based on a questionnaire and follow-up interviews with politicians and chief executive officers (CEOs) within manufacturing industries. The results show that the politicians have more knowledge of experience industries and a more positive attitude towards these new types of industries than the CEOs. Both groups consider both these industries of significance for the region's future. While the politicians believe in experience industries as a whole, and particularly suggest more active work in favour of tourism and design, the second group just welcomes directly and indirectly a possible cooperation with design companies. A minor share of the CEOs is interested in either running businesses with features of experience industries or having a sense of it in their businesses. Despite differences, these attitudes facilitate cross-fertilisation between the manufacturing industry and experience industries in the future. The study suggests that the region needs to develop more knowledge and competence directed towards the experience industries, in particular tourism and design, and a cooperation between the manufacturing industry, local political parties, and enterprises within tourism, design and culture in this respect.

  • 21.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Attitudes towards competence development among employees in Tourism Industry: A Swedish pilot study2016In: Book of Abstracts: 25th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research, 28-30 September 2016, Turku, Finland / [ed] Juulia Räikkönen, Ira Lahovuo & Antti Honkanen, 2016, p. 14-14Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to investigate empirically what attitudes employees in tourism industry have towards participation in publicly funded competence development programmes. Such investigations are lacking in the research on Tourism industry. By competence development here means participation in personal competence development programmes that might have a positive impact on the staff’s learning and on their work places. This impact will be found out through the employees’ subjective perceptions. In this study the terms “competence development programmes” “training programmes” and “skills development programmes” are used as synonyms. Also in accordance with Statistics Sweden terms of “business” and “work place” are used as synonym. The methodological approach used in this study is email-interviews with 12 employees (four women, eight men) that have participated in these programmes during recent years. This includes CEOs, owners, employees and one instructor that also is a business owner himself. A majority of them have academic education and their average working years in the industry is 17. They represent various sub-industries. Their average age is 46 and they mostly come from small sized firms. They participated in different courses that were offered by public organizations for employees and employers, or by private organizations. The courses were paid either by public means, by the firm or by a combination of both. The courses were mostly organized by public organizations but in some cases also by private organizations or a mix of private and public. They expressed that their participation in general had a positive or very positive impact on their workplace, and among others resulted to better knowledge, to acquire a wider network, new ideas, new experiences and opportunities and gave more inspiration, motivation and self-confidence. Concerning effectiveness of courses offered by the public organization the opinions are different; some had no comments about it, some found them very effective, some believed that these courses are effective in some but not in all cases, and finally some believed that courses organized by private organizations are more effective. The largest problems for competence development in the industry are lack of time and money and lack of tailored courses.

  • 22.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    City, Ethnicity, Diversity and the origin of Fire Festival in Swedish major cities: A research idea2018In: Tourism Implications and Dilemmas: Book of Abstract, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Urban Ethnic festivals have positive impacts on the image of cities and countries (McClinchey, 2008) and create a sense of belonging among immigrant groups (Chacko, 2013). Every year, a Tuesday in the middle of March and after 17:00, Iranian Fire Festival is held outdoors in the center of Stockholm and Göteborg. It is financed and organized by Riksteatern (The Swedish National Theatre). In Stockholm it is held in the King’s Garden park, 500 meters from the parliament, and it is used to be opened either by some Swedish ministers or by the Prime minister. This is not a big event in international comparison; it can be classified as local event and it is held when it is still very cold in Sweden. The event lasts in 4-5 hours but draws thousands of audiences (mostly from the same city region) to these two simultaneous arrangements. The audiences as well as the artists are mostly of Middle Eastern background (mostly Iranians, Kurds, Afghans) and there has been no report on ethnic Swedes among them over the years. This event, however, gets a huge attention from the Swedish media but also from some international media (Like Voice of America, Persian section) and Iranian diaspora media worldwide. In accordance with Getz et al (2007), many stakeholders are involved in this event; the Swedish governments, the event organization, municipality offices, many ethnic associations in Sweden, media, invited artists from Sweden and other countries, participants, sellers and volunteers.

    The aim of this research is to get insight into this event, incentives behind it and the expected outcome of it from different stakeholders. Especially it is important to find out what interest different Swedish governments have since they support the event financially regardless of ideological belonging while the event’s own preconditions are not the best one.

  • 23.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    City festival arena and its impact on the attendees’ overall satisfaction2021In: 29th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research: Shaping mobile futures: Challenges and possibilities in precarious times, 2021, p. 179-179Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Places as social constructions create meaning, identity, emotions and attachment for individuals (Knox and Marston, 2016; Massey, 1995). This can also be applied for festival arenas as well (e.g. Davis and Martin, 2014; Kim, 2017). Authors (e.g. Lee et ala., 2008) emphasize that the choice of festival arena has a significance for the visitors/attendees’ overall satisfaction with the festival in issue.

    The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Skansen arena in Stockholm, that has a high symbolic value for all Swedes, is assessed by the attendees of Persian Fire Festival in March 2019. An online questionnaire with qualitative and quantitative questions was used during April 2019 and resulted in 280 completed questionnaires by attendees from several ethnic groups. The results indicate high level of satisfaction with the arena that gives the attendees positive emotions, meanings, place attachment, place identity and a sense of place. The high status of the arena that gives pride and dignity; security and safety of the arena; its size; and its natural beauty have been the most contributing factors. Lack of accessibility and sufficient public transport have been the most negative factors. This paper gives a contribution to existing literature on festival arena and its importance for the attendees. Such symbolic arenas create stronger identity for immigrant groups and may become platforms for mutual cultural interaction with the host society.

  • 24.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Disparate Emotions as Expressions of Well-Being: Impact of Festival Participation from the Participants’ Subjective View2022In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 329Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this research is that through festival participants’ subjective views get a better understanding of how their participation results in positive feelings and well-being. The paper has a qualitative approach based on a delimited part of a larger survey and the content analysis method has been employed. A total of 280 participants, mainly of immigrant origin, answered one of the open-ended questions in the survey: What emotions does celebrating the Fire Festival evoke in you? Please justify your answer. The most common meaning in the answers has been good feelings followed by feelings of integration and community, the return of spring, and nostalgia. The results show that the festival has significance for these peoples’ good feelings and well-being, even though it lasts five hours. This study contributes to increased knowledge of festivals’ positive impacts on individuals, especially on immigrants living in Western countries.

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  • 25.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Festival participation for integration and inclusion?: A critical reflection2023In: World Leisure Journal, ISSN 0441-9057, E-ISSN 1607-8055, Vol. 65, no 4, p. 464-483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this research is to get a better understanding of the impact of the Stockholm Fire Festival on the cultural integration of immigrant communities, and particularly its impact on the sociocultural integration of individual participants into Swedish society. The methodological approach is mixed-methods, consisting of participant observation, and a selected part of the data from 280 completed surveys based on answers to open-ended and closed-ended questions. The results indicate that participation in the festival and its celebration have a positive impact at the macro and ethnic community levels in terms of recognition of the festival by the host society, and thereby cultural integration, identity and inclusion of the ethnic community in the entire society. However, the results do not support the idea that participation in this festival has a positive impact on the sociocultural integration of the individual participants into society. Sociocultural integration presupposes intercultural encounters between immigrant individuals, between them and other ethnic groups (including the natives). It is evident that this festival cannot create such a platform for individual participants. This research contributes to the existing body of research on immigrant-oriented festivals in Western societies and strengthens the debates on migration, inclusion, integration, multiculturalism and interculturalism.

  • 26.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Good Idea But Not Here! A Pilot Study of Swedish Tourism Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Halal Tourism2021In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 13, no 5, article id 2646Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The following study is the first Swedish study on Halal tourism in Sweden. The purpose of this exploratory research is to get insight into the perception of Halal tourism in Sweden among representatives of tourism stakeholders. The overall methodology approach in this research is qualitative, consisting of 25 qualitative questionnaires, 21 short letters, four follow-up interviews, and a web observation, and content analysis was employed. The results indicate that there is a low knowledge of Halal tourism in Sweden including Swedish tourism industry. The concept is very challenging, and profits are low. It might result in problem scenarios such as detrimental effects on non-Halal tourism, cultural difficulties and increased risk of xenophobia, anti-Islamism, and tension in the society. There is low interest for Sweden among Muslim tourists as the interest and priority for Halal tourism is rather low from Swedish tourism industry. Despite Halal tourism’s importance internationally, these representatives are rather cautious and doubtful about promotion of Sweden towards this niche. Still, a majority seems to be positive to a lighter version of Muslim-friendly tourism with secular/moderate Muslims as a target group.

  • 27.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Uppsala universitet.
    Ham'piyvastigī bih ibtikār-i khvīshtan: muṭāliʻih-ī pīrāmūn-i zanān-i muhājir-i ṣāḥib-i shirkat dar sūʾid2005In: Avaie Zaen, ISSN 0804-8134, no 54/55, p. 20-27Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 28.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Arbetslivsinstitutet.
    Is starting of own Business a Strategi of Integration in work life for immigrant Women i Sweden?2002In: Women, Work & Health: book of abstracts / [ed] Carina Bildt, Lena Gonäs, Lena Karlqvist and Hanna Westberg, Stockholm: Arbetslivsinstitutet , 2002, p. 301-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Participants’ perception of training programmes in the tourism industry: A Swedish pilot study2018In: Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, ISSN 2514-9792, Vol. 1, no 4, p. 309-324Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of this paper is to deal mainly with the participants’ perception of their attendance in publicly funded training programmes in the tourism industry.

    Design/methodology/approach

    The investigation is based on e-mail interviews with 12 employees in the Swedish tourism industry who have actively participated in such courses as well as some courses offered by private organisations.

    Findings

    The results show that the interviewees have a positive perception of their participation and they believe that their attendance has had an overall positive impact on them or on their businesses. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether their participation has had an extraordinarily positive impact on business outcomes in terms of subsequent increased turnover, greater productivity or sales, or an expanded customer base. Lack of time and money and the prevalence of unsuitable courses prevent business owners and their employees from attending such courses.

    Originality/value

    This research is the first Swedish qualitative investigation on the issue.

  • 30.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Political crises and destination choice: An exploratory study of Swedish-Iranian second-home buyers2018In: Tourism, Culture & Communication, ISSN 1098-304X, E-ISSN 1943-4146, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 205-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Political crises, which have a known impact on the choice of tourism destination, can also negatively affect the choice of second-home destination and purchase. The purpose of this study is to investigate why some Swedish-Iranian second-home buyers prefer Spain to Turkey for political reasons. More than 30 short dialogues were conducted with Swedish-Iranian buyers at the exhibition "Buying Properties Abroad" in Kista, September 2015, following the start of a series of political crises in Turkey. A simple question was asked: Why are you choosing Spain rather than Turkey? The most important category of reasons were political factors, followed by cultural reasons. Political anxiety, instability, and insecurity in Turkey, the risk of civil war, a police society, lack of democratic order, the fact that Turkey is not a member of the European Union, the government's negative attitudes towards Kurds, and the emergence of Islamic State were the political reasons most mentioned. One conclusion that can be drawn is that political crises affect second-home tourism/tourists in the same way that they do ordinary tourism/tourists. The research has some important implications for Turkish policymakers, tourism stakeholders at a macrolevel, their competitors, especially in Spain, and potential buyers. Based on this research, some suggestions for future studies are also given. 

  • 31.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Psychosocial wellbeing as the outcome of the City festival celebration2021In: 29th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research: Shaping mobile futures: Challenges and possibilities in precarious times, 2021, p. 178-178Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Multicultural festivals contribute to strengthen multicultural societies through positive psychosocial, social and cultural benefits for individuals, groups and communities/societies (Lee et al., 2012).

    Especially, these includes positive feelings and emotions that are created with attendees in the festival (Kim et al, 2016).

    The purpose of this descriptive research is to get an understanding of the Persian Fire Festival’s visitors in Stockholm and their subjective reasoning around the feelings and emotions that are created through their celebration. 280 visitors/attendees answered to the question “What emotions does it evoke to celebrate the Fire Festival with you?” that was included in an online questionnaire. Excepting a few irrelevant answers, the predominant majority gave clear examples of positive feelings and emotions and some of them mentioned up to six feelings. Happy/happiness has been the most expressed feeling. The other frequent feelings have been: welcome the spring and the new year; pride/proud; community; belonging and togetherness; nostalgy; and home feeling. A very few people also mentioned sad feelings such as homesickness and missing family. The results show an overall positive impact of the festival celebration on the visitors’ psychosocial well-being. They also give rise to the question how such festival arrangements through increased positive feeling can contribute to stronger feelings of identity, belonging and community and thereby results in better socio-cultural integration of these people into the society.

  • 32.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Solo travellers to city destinations: an exploratory study in Sweden2019In: International Journal of Tourism Cities, ISSN 2056-5607, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 35-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of this paper is to gain more insight into the phenomenon of solo travel to city destinations and attain more knowledge on the topic.

    Design/methodology/approach

    The study employed a questionnaire consisting of qualitative and quantitative items. In all, 21 individuals (12 women, 9 men) responded.

    Findings

    The most important reason for solo travel was their own free choice and in some cases, difficulty finding companions. Their activities at the destinations were mostly visiting attractions followed by visiting friends, shopping, walking, eating at restaurants, learning the language, working, etc. They mostly mentioned advantages but also some disadvantages with solo travelling. Their experiences, especially with the people in the host destinations, have been positive and they show overall satisfaction with their visit. A predominant share of the interviewees showed a kind of loyalty to one or more specific city destinations and wished to revisit them again and again.

    Practical implications

    The current study might have some implications for city tourism developers/destination developers, travel agencies, national or regional tourism boards and tour operators in major urban areas and cities. Especially, this study has a practical contribution to the city tourism practitioners and gives them more insight in what values, attitudes, perceptions, expectations and motivations the solo travellers might have before or while they visit their cities. The study also has implications for potential solo travellers seeking more knowledge and information on the issue.

    Originality/value

    The phenomenon of solo travel to city destinations is an unresearched topic in Sweden. This exploratory study is the first in Sweden to focus on solo travellers visiting city destinations.

  • 33.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Swedish Civil Society sector as organizer and producer of City Festivals: Example the Persian Fire festival2021In: 29th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research: Shaping mobile futures: Challenges and possibilities in precarious times, 2021, p. 177-177Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In 1981 several enthusiastic Iranian students started the Caspian Sport Association in northern Stockholm and organized a common celebration of the Fire Festival for the members and their families.

    Five years later, an even bigger organization called House of Iran was established and took over the celebration arrangement with better resources and support from Sundbyberg Municipality. In 1994 the Iranian National Federation in Sweden (INF) was established and they gradually became the organizer of the celebration in Stockholm. After 2009 the Swedish National Turing Theatre (Riksteatern) became an actor in organization and celebration of the festival in Stockholm’s downtown. While during the first 25 years the festival was strongly delimited to the northern suburbs and was locally known, the arrangement by Riksteatern since 2009 contributed to huge attention to the festival in the city, in the country and later in the whole world.

    Sweden is a country with a strong civil society sector and rich tradition of associations and non-profit organizations (Voluntarius.com). One of the areas the civil society is strong in is the production of urban festivals (Andersson et al., 2009). The aim of this research is to describe the historical evolution of the Fire Festival in Stockholm from a perspective of Swedish Civil Society sector and thereby analyze the success factors over the years. Initially, a qualitative method consisting of primary and secondary sources has been employed.

  • 34.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Swedish solo travellers to city destinations: an exploratory study2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    People travel solo to a destination due to different push–pull pre-travel motivators (Yoon and Uysal, 2005). Travel to a city destination brings a series of positive or negative experiences (Walls et al., 2011) and creates a sense of overall satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the destination and the travel itself. Also, several functional and psychosocial characteristics of a destination such as hosts, locals, services, prices (Echtner and Brent Ritchie, 1991; Philip, 2005), contribute to satisfaction with a trip, but also create destination loyalty among visitors (Chi and Qu, 2008; Zhang et al., 2014) and this loyalty in its turn leads to a return to the same destination. The phenomenon of solo travel to city destinations is an un-researched topic in Sweden. This exploratory study is the first in Sweden to focus on solo travellers visiting city destinations. The study aims to gain more insight into the phenomenon and attain more knowledge on the topic. The study employed a questionnaire consisting of qualitative and quantitative items. In all, 21 individuals (12 women, 9 men) responded. They were mostly well-educated, the majority were younger than 35, more than half were single and more than half reported travelling alone once or twice a year. The majority had a travel budget of SEK 10–20,000 per trip and the rest had a budget below SEK 10,000. They normally took flights and the majority went away for more than one week up to several weeks. The most important reason for solo travel was own free choice and in some cases difficulty finding companions. This result is coherent with earlier studies (e.g. Heimtun and Morgan, 2012; Mehmetoglu, 2004). Their loneliness gave rise to forced but positive socialization (e.g. Chiang and Jogaratnam, 2006; Laesser et al., 2009). Their activities at the destinations were mostly visiting attractions and they mostly mentioned advantages with solo travelling. They showed overall satisfaction with their travels, destination loyalty to one or several city destinations and wished to revisit them again and again. This finding is also partly or fully coherent with many earlier studies (e.g. Walls et al., 2011; Echtner and Brent Ritchie, 1991; Philip, 2005; Baloglu and McCleary, 1999; Beerli and Martin, 2004).

  • 35.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Mittuniversitetet.
    The anthropology of climate change: an integrated critical perspective, by Hans A. Baer and Merrill Singer2016In: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, ISSN 0966-9582, E-ISSN 1747-7646, Vol. 24, no 7, p. 1062-1064Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    The impact of political crises on the choice of second-home destination: A study of Swedish-Iranian second home buyers2017In: 26th Nordic Symposium of Tourism and Hospitality Research October 4-6 2017, Falun, Sweden: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS, 2017, p. 81-82Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Political crises which have negative impact on the choice of a tourism destination can also affect the choice of a second-home destination negatively. The purpose of this study is to investigate why a part of Swedish-Iranian second home buyers prefer Spain than Turkey due to the politics. The group has shown interest in second-home purchase in the two countries during recent decade. More than 30 short dialogues were made with Swedish-Iranian buyers at the exhibition of “Buying Properties Abroad” in Kista, September 2015, after the start of a series of political crises in Turkey. A simple question was asked: Why do you choose Spain before Turkey? Most of the respondents gave more than three reasons.82The most important category of reasons were political factors followed by cultural factors. Political anxiety, instability and insecurity in Turkey, risk for civil war, police society, lack of democratic order, the fact that Turkey is not EU member, the government’s negative attitude towards Kurds, and the origin of Islamic state were the most mentioned political reasons. Cheating among some shopkeepers, negative attitudes by authorities towards Iranians, general perception of foreign women/female tourists, lack of a modern culture in Turkey, and better mentality among Spanish people have been among the cultural reasons. Among the economic reasons they mentioned lack of good infrastructure in Turkey, insecurity for invested capital, lower living costs in Spain, it is safer to buy house in Spain as EU country. Other less mentioned reasons were natural preconditions and knowledge on Spanish language.

  • 37.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Benyamine, Isak
    Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, Stockholm University.
    Lundberg, Anna
    Department of Thematic Studies, Gender Studies, Linköping University.
    Festival Venue that makes sense: A study of Skansen arena in Stockholm2021In: Cogent Social Sciences, E-ISSN 2331-1886, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 1-15, article id 1886652Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to investigate how the open-air museum ofSkansen in Stockholm as venue for celebration of Persian Fire Festival is assessed by thefestival’s visitors. The study is based on a delimited part of a larger online survey with280 completed questionnaires including both close-ended and open-ended questions,and a qualitative thematic analysis method has been used in this paper. The resultsshow a high level of appreciation of the Skansen venue that gives the visitors positiveemotions, meanings, place attachment, place identity and a sense of place. Contributingfactors have been the high status of the venue that has given the visitors pride anddignity; security and safety of the venue; size of the venue; and the natural beauty of thevenue. The most important disadvantage factor has been the lack of accessibilitycombined with lack of sufficient public transport. The results have implications for theSwedish society, for the policy makers in Stockholm city and for both the host and theorganiser of the festival and gives rise to new debates on immigrants’ socio-culturalintegration into Swedish society. This paper gives a contribution to existing literature onfestival venue and its impact on the visitor’s overall assessment of the festival.

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  • 38.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Arbetslivsinstitutet.
    Bildt, Carina
    Arbetslivsinstitutet.
    Kār va Bíkārí-yi nímahvaght: dar míyān-i zanān va muhājirān-i nizāfatgar dar sūʼid2006In: Avaie Zaen, ISSN 0804-8134, no 58-59, p. 12-17Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 39.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Hellgren, Carina
    Internationella programkontoret i Stockholm.
    Female Entrepreneurship Within the Experience Industry: A Case study of Two Swedish Regions2012In: The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, ISSN 0973-2659, Vol. IX, no 1, p. 38-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates female entrepreneurship within experience industries in two Swedish municipalities, Degerfors and Gotland. Nine businesswomen and eight practitioners have been interviewed. The women go into business as a result of their eagerness to experience the process of running a business by them. They come armed with concepts and ideas they wish to develop in the form of an experience-oriented business, or through which they search for new meaning or pursue a new lifestyle. The obstacles and opportunities that the women encounter in the two investigated regions have much to do with the different business climates and also, to a certain degree, their natural preconditions. This in turn affects local labor markets and the chances women have of obtaining gainful employment. The general business climate in Gotland is much better than in Degerfors, and women in Gotland have access to numerous organizations, associations and societies.

  • 40.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    EIDI/ Internationella Handelshögskolan i Jönköping.
    Hellgren, Carina
    Internationella programkontoret, Stockholm.
    The Experience Economy and Creative Industries2011In: Local Development and Creative Industries: Empirical, methodological and theoretical reflections / [ed] Conny Pettersson and Dorit Christensen, Visby/Sweden: Gotland University Press , 2011, 1, p. 33-56Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    EIDI/Internationella Handelshögskolan i Jönköping.
    Hellgren, Carina
    Internationella programkontoret, Stockholm.
    Women in Creative Industries2011In: Local development and Creative Industries: Empirical, methodological and theoretical reflections / [ed] Conny Pettersson and Dorit Christensen, Visby/Sweden: Gotland University Press , 2011, 1, p. 59-97Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 42. Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Hellgren, Carina
    Working Conditions for Female and Immigrant Cleaners in Stockholm County: An Intersectional Approach2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap.
    Hellgren, Carina
    International Programme Office, Stockholm.
    Working Conditions for Female and Immigrant Cleaners in Stockholm County: An Intersectional Approach2012In: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, E-ISSN 2245-0157, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 161-181Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre for Innovation Systems, Entrepreneurship and Growth.
    Johannisson, Bengt
    Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, ESOL (Entrepreneurship, Strategy, Organization, Leadership).
    Pesämaa, Ossi
    Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre for Innovation Systems, Entrepreneurship and Growth.
    Rylander, David
    Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre for Innovation Systems, Entrepreneurship and Growth.
    Att överbrygga mellan traditionell industri och upplevelseindustri2010In: Entreprenörskap i regioners tjänst: Ingångar till nya näringar genom design, upplevelser, kulturarv / [ed] Johannisson, Bengt & Rylander, David, Jönköping: EIDI , 2010, p. 111-130Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Nya näringar utvecklas alltid i ett sammanhang som skapats av befintligt närings- och samhällsliv. I detta kapitel fokuserar vi på hinder och möjligheter inför en omvandling av näringslivet i Gnosjöregionen. Regionen karakteriseras mer än de flesta andra i Sverige av en småskalig tillverkningsindustri. Sysselsättningsgraden totalt sett är en av de högsta i landet, såväl bland män och kvinnor som nya svenskar, invandrarna. I takt med utflyttning av verksamhet och automatisering av tillverkningsprocesser minskar behovet av arbetskraft inom traditionell industri vilket ökar kravet på att utveckla nya kompletterande näringar. Omvandling från tillverkningsintensiv produktion till serviceinriktad upplevelseindustri med turism är för många regioner en viktig utmaning. Upplevelseindustrin förväntas bidra till tillväxt och en mer mångsidig arbetsmarknadsstruktur, särskilt attraktiv för unga människor. Omvandlingen mot en mer diversifierad näringsstruktur försvåras av den kulturella fixeringen vid den tidigare så framgångsrika tillverkningsindustrin. Många anonyma ”röster” menar att jobb och företag inom turism och annan upplevelse-industri inte räknas som ”riktiga” jobb och företag. En omorientering av regionens näringsliv måste drivas inifrån/underifrån för att bli beständig, något som tidigare förändringsförsök vittnar om. Samtidigt behövs inspiration utifrån. Kapitlet avslutas med en exemplifiering av Isaberg, som en väletablerad anläggning för friluftsliv, ett etablisse-mang inom upplevelseindustri, som vill vända snöbrist till en möjlighet att överbrygga säsongsvariationer. Ambitionerna för utvecklingen av Isaberg visar potentialen inom turism och annan upplevelseindustri i strävan efter en alternativ näringslivsstruktur.

  • 45. Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Johannisson, Bengt
    Pesämaa, Ossi
    Rylander, David
    Bridging Traditional and Experience Industries: Lessons from the Gnosjö Region2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Handelshögskolan i Jönköping.
    Johannisson, Bengt
    Handelshögskolan i Jönköping.
    Pesämaa, Ossi
    Handelshögskolan i Jönköping.
    Rylander, David
    Handelshögskolan i Jönköping.
    Bridging Traditional and Experience Industries: Lessons from the Gnosjö Region2010In: Social Capital and Development Trends in Rural Areas: Vol. 5 / [ed] Hans Westlund & Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Jönköping: Jönköping International Business School , 2010, p. 41-53Chapter in book (Other academic)
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  • 47.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Lundberg, Anna
    Linköping universitet.
    Between Fire and Ice: Experiences of the Persian Fire Festival in a Nordic Setting2020In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 12, no 24, article id 10374Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This exploratory research seeks to gain insight into the visitors of Persian Fire Festival in Stockholm, their motivation, level of satisfaction and loyalty to the festival. The overall methodology is mixed methods consisting of participant observation and 280 completed online surveys including close-ended and open-ended questions. A Grounded theory analysis has been employed. The most important reason behind the participation has been to strive for the recognition of ethnic cultural identity; to keep the ancient culture alive; to maintain their ancestors’ legacy and transfer it to the next generation. Most of the visitors experienced positive feelings, showed satisfaction and loyalty, believed that the festival fulfilled their expectations and it should be celebrated officially every year. A minority showed dissatisfaction mostly due to the lack of accessibility to the event venue and might are not loyal to the festival. The first conclusion here is that these motivators are totally different than those mentioned by earlier research (e.g., escape, socialization, novelty, rest, prestige, excitement). Even though the desire to preserve the ancient culture and tradition is very strong, a lack of accessibility to the venue would constitute disloyalty and a barrier to re-attend in such a festival.

  • 48.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Lundberg, Anna
    National Theatre.
    How the Iranian Fire Festival in Stockholm is perceived by the visitors?2019In: 28th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research 23rd to 25th October 2019, Roskilde, Denmark: Roskilde University , 2019, p. 45-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Every year, a Tuesday in the middle of March and after 5:00 pm the Iranian Fire Festival (Eldfesten in Swedish, Chaharshanbe Suri in Persian) is celebrated outdoors in the center of Stockholm and ends before 10:00 pm. This event has its roots in ancient Persia, but now it is celebrated by several nations in the Middle East, Caucasus, and Central Asia. The Stockholm festival is arranged and financed by The Swedish National Theatre and several times earlier it has been opened by Swedish ministers. The event visitors are mostly of Middle Eastern background coming from Stockholm area. Since 2016 it can also be watched live through Swedish and foreign TV stations and through Social media. During the earlier years the event was held in Kungsträdgården (The Royal Garden) but this year it was arranged in the amusement park of Skansen.  Ethnic cultural events in major urban areas create good images for cities and countries but also for immigrants and their neighborhoods in the city of issue (McClinchey, 2008; Loukaitou-Sideris and Soureli, 2012), and a sense of belonging among immigrants (Chacko, 2013). Many stakeholders are involved in such events (Getz et al 2007; Getz And Andersson, 2010) but perhaps the most important stakeholder is the visitors of the event. Therefore, it is of high relevance to study the visitors’ visit motivations, their perceived experience in terms of satisfaction level and their level of loyalty i.e. if they intend to visit the event next year (Savinovic et al, 2012). The aim of this research is to get insights on the visitors of the Fire Festival, their motives behind participation and how they perceive their participation afterwards. The main methods chosen in this research is participant observation and 257 completed surveys online until April 11th, 2019.  Preliminary results The respondents are 63% men and 37% women, and they are mostly older than 40 (44% are older than 50). More than half of them have been living in Sweden less than 21 years of which 17% less than 5 years. 83% of the respondents call themselves Swedish-Iranians. More than 80% of the respondents have academic education (of which 7% with PhD education) and most of them are employed either by public or private sector. A considerable number of them are also either self- employed, students or retirees. They have come from different districts of Greater Stockholm while a minor part has come from municipalities outside the county. A pre-dominant majority of them have come there with friends and family members, and most of them have been participating in the festival for third times or more. Also, more than half of them have visited the Skansen park three or more times earlier. The main reasons why they celebrate the festival is to keep the old tradition and culture alive. The celebration creates feelings like happiness, pride, community, belonging, nostalgia, childhood, the Spring. Concerning the question what the place or arena means to you they either like Skansen or prefer other places in Greater Stockholm or do not care about the place but the festival and other issues such as security and safety. To the question “what do you think about celebrating the festival at Skansen” they give positive answers and to the question “are your expectations on the festival fulfilled” the majority are totally or partly agreed. They also believe that this event must be celebrated every year and give many improvement suggestions and additional critical comments such as more food trucks, better and cheaper food, more professional artists and happy songs and music.

  • 49.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Müller, Dieter K
    Umeå universitet.
    Displaced diaspora second-home tourism: an explorative study of Swedish-Iranians and their second-home purchases in Turkey2019In: Tourism, ISSN 1332-7461, E-ISSN 1849-1545, Vol. 67, no 3, p. 239-252, article id 225739Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This explorative study aims to gain more insight into Swedish-Iranians' purchase of second homes in Turkey. The study is based on 22 questionnaires (19 of them from owners and buyers), field observation, and participant observation. Motives behind owners' and buyers' purchases are: other Swedish-Iranian friends/relatives bought there; cultural proximity; absence of visa restriction for Iranian citizens; geographical proximity to Iran and relatives living in Iran; economic factors, including the low prices and costs and investment for retirement; and the climate. The respondents are well-integrated into Swedish society and have access to different types of resources which facilitate the purchase, but they also show the potential to partially become integrated socioculturally into their Turkish communities. A meaningful proportion of them are seriously planning to live permanently in Turkey after retirement, but the majority stay there for longer periods or semi-permanently. Despite some limitations, this study makes an important contribution to the area of diaspora second-home tourism and to the field of diaspora studies.

  • 50.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Müller, Dieter K
    Umeå universitet.
    Second Home purchase in Turkey by Swedish Iranians: An Explorative Study2017In: 26th Nordic Symposium of Tourism and Hospitality Research October 4-6 2017, Falun, Sweden: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Second home tourism is often discussed in the context of the western world. Other groups and their motivations, in this case people of Iranian background who are a large ethnic group in Sweden, are often neglected, although the group has shown interest in purchase of second home in Turkey.The aim of this study is to get more insight on Swedish Iranians’ purchase of second home in Turkey. 19 e-mail interviews (with Broker companies, owners, and potentially buyers) have been conducted. Also participant observation in Antalya region in June 2015 and at the exhibition of “Buying Properties Abroad” in Kista in September 2015 has been done.The interview results reveal that the Swedish Iranian second home buyers collect information through friends and relatives, various web sites, exhibitions, brokers, and real estate companies before buying apartment. Their motives have been: following other friends/relatives who bought apartments there, cultural proximity including the Turkish language and food, geographic proximity to Iran, relatives living in Iran do not need Turkish visa, economic factors including prices, the climate, and investment for the retirement. They stay in their apartments at least once a year up to 4 times a year and the duration of their stay each time is at least one week. A part of them might choose to live partly or permanently in Turkey after the retirement. Their motives are similar to many other second home owners elsewhere but there are also aspects related to the political context of this mobility.

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