Major issues in the relationship of welfare and civil society are presented from a transnational point of view. After examining such concepts as philanthropy, charity, aid, and welfare, the differences over time in the correlation of welfare and civil society in various countries are discussed. Next, the purpose of transnational welfare cooperation in the provision and receipt of welfare is explored, along with standardisation, the dissemination of ideas about welfare, the promulgation of models and best practices, joining forces for common policies, and the strengthening of one’s own legitimacy. Then we look at those involved in transnational networking on welfare issues, including labour parties and unions, businesses, epistemic and border communities, intergovernmental organizations, transnational associations, the EC/EU, immigrant groups, humanitarian organisations, wealthy and disadvantaged populations. Finally, ways are suggested by which the concept of welfare helps link discussions of transnational civil society to nation states in realistic terms by underlining the significance of the latter and, at the same time, qualifying their alleged autonomy.