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Lånade resurser, ärvda poäng: En studie om hur familjebakgrund och socialt kapital påverkar elevers betyg
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences.
2013 (Swedish)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Det finns en välkänd koppling mellan social bakgrund och framgång i skolan. Tidigare forskning visar också på ett samband mellan tillgång till socialt kapital och skolresultat. Med ett fåtal undantag, har denna koppling dock inte studerats i svenska förhållanden. Syftet med denna studie är att fylla denna kunskapslucka, och samtidigt undersöka om tillgången till socialt kapital förstärker eller utjämnar skillnader mellan elever med olika social bakgrund. Utifrån de teorier som utvecklats av bland andra Pierre Bourdieu och Nan Lin definierar jag socialt kapital som de värdefulla resurser – ekonomiska, kulturella, sociala eller andra – som är tillgängliga för individen genom hennes relationer till andra. Genom en OLS-regression gjord med data från 1234 svenska niondeklassare framträder fyra källor till socialt kapital vilka har en positiv påverkan på elevens betyg, nämligen familjesammansättning, familjens kontakter, elevens föreningsmedlemskap och elevens vänner. Resultaten tyder på att bättre tillgång till socialt kapital från någon av dessa källor leder till bättre studieresultat. En vidare analys visar att elever med mer välutbildade föräldrar och föräldrar med mer prestigefyllda arbeten har bättre tillgång till socialt kapital. Såväl flickor som elever vars föräldrar är födda i ett annat land har dock bättre tillgång till socialt kapital än andra elever. Detta indikerar att socialt kapital i viss mån kan vara en utjämnande faktor mellan grupper, samtidigt som det i större utsträckning förstärker skillnader mellan klasser.

Abstract [en]

There is a well-known link between social background and educational achievements. Students whose parents have studied longer and have more prestigious work perform better. Research also suggests a connection between access to social capital and achievement in schools. However, this connection is little studied in Sweden. This study aims to fill this gap, while also inquiring into whether social capital is an equalizer or rather a factor that furthers societal divides. Following the theoretical development of Pierre Bourdieu, Nan Lin and others, I define social capital as the valuable resources – economic, cultural, social or other – that are only accessible through a person’s social network. Using a stepwise multiple OLS-regression and data collected from 1234 Swedish students at the last term of compulsory school, I identify four sources of social capital connected with educational achievement: family, friends of the family, membership in voluntary organizations and the student’s peers. The results indicate that greater access to social capital from any of these sources leads to greater academic achievements. A further analysis reveal that access to social capital from each of these sources depends on the student’s social background. Students well educated parents and parents with more prestigious jobs have greater access to social capital. However, both second generation immigrants and girls within this study report greater access to social capital than their male, non-immigrant peers. This suggests that social capital can to some extent be an equalizer between groups, while it to a larger extent is a divider between classes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. , p. 86
Keywords [sv]
socialt kapital, social reproduktion, studieresultat, svenska skolor
National Category
Sociology (excluding Social Work, Social Psychology and Social Anthropology)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21973OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-21973DiVA, id: diva2:695300
Subject / course
Sociologi
Uppsok
Social and Behavioural Science, Law
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2014-02-11 Created: 2014-02-10 Last updated: 2014-02-11Bibliographically approved

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Nygård 2014(925 kB)674 downloads
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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
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  • harvard-anglia-ruskin-university
  • apa-old-doi-prefix.csl
  • sodertorns-hogskola-harvard.csl
  • sodertorns-hogskola-oxford.csl
  • Other style
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  • de-DE
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  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
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