Starting from the observation of a renaissance of the term ‘parliamentarydiplomacy’ in practical politics – if with a shift of meaning fromparliamentary methods and procedures toward parliamentary agents –this article pleads for a scholarly adaptation of the concept and suggestsnot to neglect either of these dimensions. Reviewing the history of theLeague of Nations, in particular its creation and the policies and patternsof delegation and group formation pursued by the Scandinaviancountries, the historical interrelation of the aspect of strategic alignmentand representative delegation of legislators is shown.International relations theory, in particular constructivist approaches,should note that the twentieth century’s contribution to diplomatic history,meaning the emergence of multilateral diplomacy on a regularbasis, is parliamentary not only in regard to the character of itsproceedings, but also increasingly in regard to some of the relevantdiplomatic agents.