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Different yet complementary: A systematic literature review on data journalism in visualization research and journalism studies
Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Media and Communication Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5677-8175
2025 (English)In: Journalism - Theory, Practice & Criticism, ISSN 1464-8849, E-ISSN 1741-3001, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 425-444Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article surveys and compares literature on data journalism from two areas of inquiry: journalism studies and visualization research. As digital interfaces become an important access point for news, journalism and visualization scholars have begun to share a common research interest: data journalism. Given their radically different traditions and histories, these areas follow very different rules in how the topic is approached. The result is two parallel scholarships on data journalism with little points of contact. Arguably, developing research space for encounters and exchange of the two is an opportunity for expanding the academic discourse on data journalism. This study aims at opening this space of exchange through a systematic literature review. 121 articles, published between 2010 and 2023, are analyzed. Findings show that the two areas of research approach data journalism with very different aspirations. In relation to data journalism, journalism studies and visualization research could be compared with Lazersfeld’s distinction between critical and administrative research. These aspects cause various differences at an epistemic level, namely what, how and when knowledge about data journalism is produced. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2025. Vol. 26, no 2, p. 425-444
Keywords [en]
data journalism, data visualization, digital journalism studies, Literature review, visualization research
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-53711DOI: 10.1177/14648849241237897ISI: 001180769400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85187117636OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-53711DiVA, id: diva2:1845667
Available from: 2024-03-19 Created: 2024-03-19 Last updated: 2025-02-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Design + Data Journalism: Shifting epistemologies, values, and practices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design + Data Journalism: Shifting epistemologies, values, and practices
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Design + Datajournalistik : Förändrad epistemologi, värderingar och praxis
Abstract [en]

This dissertation investigates the role of design in contemporary data journalism. Over the past few decades, data journalism has gained popularity as a genre capable of responding to the progressive crisis in traditional media. Data journalists use quantitative data as the main source for their reporting activities. These data are collected, analyzed, and represented using a plethora of computational and design methods. These methods allow data journalists to unveil patterns and trends hidden in the data. This information is ultimately presented to the reader. Data journalists employ techniques such as data visualizations to produce a graphical representation of abstract data. Whereas previous research has focused at length on the intersection between data journalism and computer science, design and data visualizations have been marginalized as purely functional techniques. This points to a gap in the research on data journalism. In order tounderstand the future direction of data journalism, it is important to recognize the epistemic role that design and data visualization play in the genre. Such an investigation is fundamental to understanding the key ideals and practices that are at play in defining data journalism epistemology. Moreover, identifying the role of data visualization in data journalism allows for a critical reflection on the normalization of design within newsroom practice. As journalism becomes increasingly digital and visual, design plays a fundamental role in how news is consumed and understood by audiences. Ultimately, this work aims to show the importance of design for digital journalism and contextualize the role of data journalism within the progressive crisis of credibility faced by traditional media.

Throughout this dissertation the present status and future trajectory of datajournalism is discussed. Two contributions are brought forward. First, the contemporary epistemology of data journalism is discussed. This is done by examining how key journalistic values, like objectivity, are represented in data journalists’ work. Data visualizations will be analyzed as boundary objects between journalists and their audiences, as artefacts capable of communicating specific ideals and values. Then, the relationship between objectivity and power will be established in a discussion which will touch upon the normalization process of data journalism. Design is discussed again as a critical approach that could serve data journalists in becoming more aware and sensitive to data-related issues. The dissertation concludes that a theoretically-grounded understanding of design would benefit data journalism practices. An improved understanding of design values and epistemologies could shift data journalism towards more critical journalistic and data practices.

Abstract [sv]

I den här avhandlingen undersöks designens roll i den moderna datajournalistiken. Under de senaste decennierna har datajournalistik blivit en allt vanligare genre, och den ses ibland även som lösningen på den pågående krisen i de traditionella medierna.

Datajournalister använder kvantitativa data som huvudkällor för sin rapportering. Dessa data samlas in, analyseras och presenteras sedan med hjälp av en uppsjö av beräknings- och designmetoder som gör det möjligt att påvisa mönster och trender. Att tidigare forskning främst fokuserat på skärningspunkten mellan datajournalistik och datavetenskap, har medfört att design och datavisualiseringar marginaliserats som rent funktionella tekniker. Detta pekar på ett gap i forskningen.

För att förstå datajournalistiken är det viktigt att se den epistemiska roll som design och datavisualisering spelar i genren, och det är också grundläggande för att förstå de ideal och metoder som definierar datajournalistikens epistemologi. Denna undersökning av datavisualiseringens betydelse för datajournalistiken möjliggör därmed en kritisk reflektion över normaliseringen av design på nyhetsredaktionerna. I takt med att journalistiken blir alltmer digital och visuell blir design också en allt viktigare faktor för hur nyheter konsumeras och förstås av publiken.

Här diskuteras datajournalistikens nuvarande status och dess framtida utvecklingmöjligheter. Två bidrag förs fram. Inledningsvis diskuteras datajournalistikens samtida epistemologi. Detta görs genom att undersöka hur viktiga journalistiska värden, som objektivitet, representeras i datajournalisters arbete. Datavisualiseringar analyseras som gränsobjekt mellan journalister och deras publik, som artefakter som kan kommunicera specifika ideal och värderingar. Därefter berörs förhållandet mellan objektivitet och makt i en diskussion som berör datajournalistikens normaliseringsprocess. Design framhålls då återigen som ett kritiskt förhållningssätt som kan hjälpa datajournalister att bli mer medvetna om och känsliga för datarelaterade frågor.

Avhandlingens slutsats är att en teoretiskt grundad förståelse av design skulle gynna datajournalistiken. En förbättrad förståelse av designvärden och epistemologier kan förändra datajournalistiken i riktning mot mer kritiska journalistiska och datapraktiska metoder.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2024. p. 297
Series
Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations, ISSN 1652-7399 ; 234
Keywords
data journalism, design, data visualization, data journalism epistemology, research-through-design, boundary work, objectivity, power, autonomy, datajournalistik, design, datavisualisering, datajournalistisk epistemologi, research-through-design, gränsarbete, objektivitet, makt, autonomi
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Critical and Cultural Theory
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-54905 (URN)978-91-89504-95-0 (ISBN)978-91-89504-96-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-11-15, MA648, Alfred Nobels allé 7, Huddinge, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-10-24 Created: 2024-10-08 Last updated: 2025-02-17Bibliographically approved

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Citation style
  • apa
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  • harvard-anglia-ruskin-university
  • apa-old-doi-prefix.csl
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  • Other style
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  • de-DE
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