Several studies suggest that the welfare state agenda, which has traditionally been a crucial issue for left-wing populist parties (LWP), has become important for all kinds of populist parties: centrist-populist (CP) as well as right-wing populist (RWP). In this paper, we examine the role of the welfare state agenda in the election programmes of the Czech and Slovak populist parties that either won the elections in 2017 in the Czech Republic and 2020 in Slovakia (this was the case for CP parties in both countries) or they won representation in Parliament in these elections (this was the case of RWP parties). The findings show that the welfare state agendas of CP and RWP parties regarding the pattern of welfare state objectives and deservingness criteria applied in their policy proposals do not differ so much in some respects. At the same time, the policy proposals of CP in the two countries diverge to some extent. Specific country political contexts such as the political opportunity structure and the manoeuvring of the populist parties may provide some explanation. Comparison with the other countries is a challenge for future research.