Aflatoxin is a poisonous mold that has spread around the world, posing a threat to food security and the agricultural economy. A total of 4,5 million people are in danger of being exposed to aflatoxins on a long-term basis around the world. Acute toxicity is caused by consuming significant amounts of toxins in a short period of time, which can lead to death in the worst cases, whereas chronic toxicity is caused by consuming small quantities over a longer period of time, which can lead to low birth weight, immunosuppression, restricted growth in children, and liver cancer in the worst cases. The occurrence of aflatoxins in West Africa was recognized, studied, and investigated in this paper based on a literature review. The findings demonstrate that large levels of aflatoxins have been found in West African raw materials and food and the human body. Children under the age of five, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers are the most vulnerable to aflatoxins. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the majority of the population is unaware of aflatoxins and its health implications. Inadequate governmental systems, low societal development, lack of access to health care, a low educated population, climate variability and climate change, high levels of illiteracy, and a lack of laboratories are only a few of the many obstacles that the region has in limiting aflatoxins concentrations. Sorting procedures, the use of tarpaulins, and seminars have all helped raise awareness and knowledge and reduce contamination and consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods. This study argues that a multi-sectoral strategy is needed to promote food security and local education. Increased limitations and regulations and higher standards may be able to help limit aflatoxin contamination and exposure.