This chapter analyses the long term transformation of the dairy industry in Sweden from its establishement in the early 20th Century until 2015. The emphasis of the study was put on the the underlying causes behind the process of collectivisation and de-collectivisation and how such structural industrial transformation was fueled by an interaction between crisis and structural change.  Theoretically the article uses concepts and approaches development by the French annales school and by institutional theory. By adding the process of de-collectivisation to the analysis, this chapter offers a previously unknown view of the long term industrial development and transformation in Sweden and sheds light on societal change from an industrialising society to a post-industrial society.