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Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004-2016
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, Sociology. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4453-4760
National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, SCOHOST (Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change). National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1260-2223
2019 (English)In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, ISSN 0143-005X, E-ISSN 1470-2738, Vol. 73, no 11, p. 1026-1032Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: In the 2000s, the Baltic countries experienced unprecedented credit-driven economic growth that was followed by a deep recession. This study examined the impact of profound macroeconomic changes on population mental health in Estonia in 2004-2016.

METHODS: Data on 17 794 individuals in the 20-64 age group were obtained from seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The prevalence of past 30-day depression was calculated for men and women further stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess whether these characteristics were associated with the yearly variation in depression.

RESULTS: In 2006, the adjusted prevalence ratio for depression was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.93) for men and 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.97) for women as compared with 2004; in 2010, the prevalence ratio as compared with 2008 for both men and women was 1.22 (95% CIs 1.04 to 1.43 and 1.09 to 1.37, respectively). Among men, the increase in the prevalence of depression in 2008-2010 was statistically significant for 35-64 year olds, ethnic Estonians, those who were married, mid-educated or were employed, whereas among women, a significant increase was observed in 50-64 year olds, Estonians and non-Estonians, those who were not-married, were highly educated or mid-educated, in the mid-income group or were employed.

CONCLUSIONS: Population mental health is responsive to macroeconomic changes. In less wealthy high-income countries, the greater impact of recession on depression among advantaged groups may relate to a higher debt burden coupled with job insecurity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. Vol. 73, no 11, p. 1026-1032
Keywords [en]
depression, economic fluctuations, socioeconomic differences
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38732DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211939ISI: 000497280000008PubMedID: 31406016Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85070606279OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-38732DiVA, id: diva2:1343167
Part of project
Large-scale macroeconomic changes and their impact on inequalities in mortality: a register-based study of mortality in the countries of the Baltic Sea region 2000-2011, Riksbankens Jubileumsfond
Funder
Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, P15-0520:1Available from: 2019-08-15 Created: 2019-08-15 Last updated: 2022-08-25Bibliographically approved

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Leinsalu, MallStickley, Andrew

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Citation style
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