In this paper I argue that it is possible to understand publicly funded religious education as a litmus test for church-state-society relations and that the specific study of publicly funded Islamic education can be seen as a litmus test for the relation between various Western democracies and their Muslim minority populations.[1] I will compare and analyze state funded Islamic education in eight European countries pointing to the transformations and adaptations that Muslim communities have, on different levels, done to fit into each educational setting. The presentation shows that issues of integration, social cohesion, but also Islamophobia in each national setting affect what in the end becomes Islamic education.