Denmark and Sweden have many features in common, not least the way welfare state symbols are used in the construction of each country’s national identity, but they display striking differences in approaches to immigrant integration. The chapter argues that this situation reflects the existence of distinctly different dominating ideal typical notions on how social cohesion and welfare state sustainability comes about: In Denmark, a society-centred perspective is predominant, viewing the existence of a particular cultural homogeneity as indispensable for the welfare state to sustain. In Sweden, a state-centred approach instead prevails, referring to the welfare state as a potential promoter of social inclusion. Depending on what ideal typical idea is the dominant, perceptions vary on what are the main challenges from immigration and cultural pluralism, and what policy measures need to be taken. Comparative analysis of a long period of elite discourses and policy developments substantiates the argument.