The aim of this chapter is to discuss the political aspects of vulnerability in the context of theSami school education system. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the Russian Sami had no native-language school system or native textbooks. The Soviet regime was established on the Kola peninsula only in 1920, three years after the 1917 revolution. The politics of selfdetermination, the so-called korenizatsiya (indigenization), became a tool for Bolsheviks pursuing a nationalist agenda for the “oppressed” Sami people. The Soviet policy of indigenization collapsed in 1937 when the secret police NKVD fabricated the formation of a Sami underground rebel organization. In 1938 all the Sami schools were closed, and the Sami language textbooks were confiscated. The promotion of Sami education in Russia was then completely suspended until the establishment of Perestroika.