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Sense-making of an emergency call: possibilities and constraints of a computerized case file
2002 (Engelska)Ingår i: Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction / [ed] Olav W Bertelsen, New York: ACM , 2002, s. 81-90Konferensbidrag, Publicerat paper (Refereegranskat)
Abstract [en]

Work in control rooms, or so-called Centers of coordination, challenges both humans and technology. The people working there have to be able to make quick decisions as well as be alert during less busy times. The work has to be coordinated within the group, since the operators are much depending on each other's work. This places special demands on the technology; it should be fast, trustworthy and easy to manipulate so that the complexity of the work is reduced.SOS Alarm is a company that is responsible for managing the telephone calls made to the emergency telephone number 112 in Sweden. The SOS operators receive, categorize, document, dispatch and monitor the incoming cases. This paper discusses SOS operators work; how they coordinate the information and tasks between them; how the technology supports that work. This study presents a fully computerized setting, compared to many other studies of centers of coordination that are not.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
New York: ACM , 2002. s. 81-90
Serie
ACM International Conference Proceeding Series ; 31
Nyckelord [en]
centers of coordination, control rooms, coordination, CSCW, ethnography, ethnomethodology, time-critical work, workplace study
Nationell ämneskategori
Telekommunikation Systemvetenskap, informationssystem och informatik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-12624DOI: 10.1145/572020.572031ISBN: 978-158113616-6 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-12624DiVA, id: diva2:451814
Konferens
2nd Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI '02, Aarhus,October 19-23, 2002.
Tillgänglig från: 2005-10-21 Skapad: 2011-10-27 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-01-12Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Work and Technology Use in Centers of Coordination: Reflections on the relationship between situated practice and artifact design
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Work and Technology Use in Centers of Coordination: Reflections on the relationship between situated practice and artifact design
2005 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The research problem explored in this thesis is how technology and work practice are related in coordinative situations (collocated and over distance). Further, the problem of how this kind of research results can be transformed and used in the development of new technology is discussed.

Air Traffic Control and Emergency Call Centers are the two domains where the complex process of coordination in a time and safety critical setting has been studied. The methodological approach taken in the field studies is ethnographic, a qualitative method with a descriptive outcome. Air traffic controllers focus on keeping the airspace organized so that the aircraft are separated at all times, as well as are given an economic route by e.g. slowing down so that they do not have to wait in the air for traffic ahead. In order to manage the control of the national airspace, it is divided into geographical sectors each of which is controlled by 1-2 controllers. The aircraft cross many sectors during one flight and each time they cross a sector border there is a handover of responsibility between the controllers. The controllers have a large number of tools that they orchestrate in order to maintain control and keep records of the orders given to the pilots. The situation in one sector has therefore been locally stored at their work position. It is shown in the thesis how the social interaction and the technology support are ordered to broadcast the locally stored information.

Emergency call centers at SOS Alarm are in contrast to the ATC centers fully computerized. The operators use CoordCom, a system that is currently in the process of being renewed. When a telephone call to the emergency number 112 is received in one of the 20 local centers in Sweden, a receiving operator initiates the case by interviewing the caller in order to categorize the incident. Often, an incident consists of a number of conditions that together make an emergency. It is shown that accountability of decisions and local knowledge of the center’s responsibility area are two important parts of coordination at SOS Alarm.

A question that has been of interest during the studies is what possibilities ethnographic observations provide when used as a starting point in a design project. The final study provided a description of how the ethnographic material from the emergency call center study was explored and transformed in order to create concrete functionality and design.

The thesis contributes with examples from the workplace studies of how people interact with each other through the technology and how skills, local knowledge and professional concerns shape the interaction. It also contributes with reflections on how descriptions and experiences of work practice and technology use in the field can serve as a foundation in shaping and designing new ideas and new functionality for future systems.

The papers included in this thesis shows results on four issues in relation to coordination and technology:

-Coordinative work practice and implications in using video/audio in a distributed setting

-Support for accountability in decision-making in a distributed setting

-The role of local knowledge and combined expertise in a local collocated center

-The transformation of ethnographic observations in the design process

The thesis also shows the importance of a further definition of the dichotomy of collocated and distributed work in order to inform technology. An analysis of the dichotomy based on the field study results is presented in the thesis.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: KTH, 2005. s. 83
Serie
Trita-NA, ISSN 0348-2952 ; 0536
Nationell ämneskategori
Sociologi Systemvetenskap, informationssystem och informatik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-12627 (URN)91-7178-184-6 (ISBN)
Tillgänglig från: 2011-10-27 Skapad: 2011-10-27 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-01-12Bibliografiskt granskad

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