The chapter discusses the emergence, development and fall of the Swedish reinsurance industry in the non-life sector. The focus is on major events that changed the circumstances and conditions for conducting reinsurance and how the business was organized. The reinsurance business became an important part of expanding on foreign markets during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite improved international circumstances during the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, the domestic market became increasingly important for almost every Swedish insurer. Shortage of venture capital, fierce competition and severe losses made the wisdom of retaining worldwide operations doubtful. In addition, the deregulated Swedish financial market made it more urgent than ever to consolidate positions in the domestic market, and the international reinsurance operations were entirely dismantled after one and half centuries.