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Title [sv]
Ships at War - An Archaeological and Historical Study of Early Modern Maritime Battlefields in the Baltic
Title [en]
Ships at War - An Archaeological and Historical Study of Early Modern Maritime Battlefields in the Baltic
Abstract [en]
The project is a cooperation between the disciplines of archaeology and history and a part of the aim to formulate joint project within “Historical Studies” at Södertörn University. The professors Kekke Stadin (history) and Johan Rönnby (maritime archaeology) will share the responsibility for leading the project. The project also involves two planned postdoktors, Ingvar Sjöblom, Försvarshögkolan (history) and Niklas Eriksson, Södertörn University (archaeology)and a new PhD student (history) at Historical studies. The investigation of the wrecks mention below is an archaeological work involving several different institutions and companies with MARIS at Södertörn as coordinator of the research. The following project is meant as the academic platform for this. The fieldwork, exhibition and planned international tv-production which also is planned in coonection to this are financed from other sources. Research perspective In the summer of 2011 two new spectacular finds of shipwrecks was found in the central Baltic Sea. After years of searching the well-preserved remains of both Mars (1564) and Svärdet (1676) was found. Both were large royal naval ships which after tough and lengthy battles went down. The new findings, together with previously known wrecks in the Baltic Sea, such as Kraveln (1525), Vasa (1628) and Kronan (1676) gives an opportunity for new insight into the formative period of Sweden's history as a strong state and a Baltic Empire. The struggle for military and economic control of the Baltic and areas and towns around the inland sea was an important part of this. The shipwrecks also sheds further light on the way this process played out and in doing so, reveal not only the ship as a principal tool of European state building and, but more generally as both manifestation and agent of social change. The ongoing documentation of the two newly found wrecks also emphasizes the violent course and the chaotic environment on board during the battles. The sites with all their guns and the ships themselves are well preserved maritime battlefield. This opens up potential issues related to practical solutions in naval battles, but also symbolic, mental and psychological aspects associated with warfare in general and human behavior in such situations and environments. In the end we also wants to dress general questions about the war and its sociology and psychology.
Publications (10 of 35) Show all publications
Stadin, K. (2022). Hur känner man igen en sjöhjälte?. In: Andreas Lindroth (Ed.), Svenskt sjöförsvar 500 år: människor, politik och kulturarv. Karlskrona: Marinmuseum
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hur känner man igen en sjöhjälte?
2022 (Swedish)In: Svenskt sjöförsvar 500 år: människor, politik och kulturarv / [ed] Andreas Lindroth, Karlskrona: Marinmuseum , 2022Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlskrona: Marinmuseum, 2022
Series
Marinmuseums årsbok, ISSN 1404-0581 ; 2022/2023
National Category
History
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Historical Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-50459 (URN)9789198213447 (ISBN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A048-2012
Available from: 2023-01-02 Created: 2023-01-02 Last updated: 2023-01-26Bibliographically approved
Adams, J. & Rönnby, J. (2022). The Danish Griffin: The Wreck of an Early Modern Royal Carvel from 1495. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 51(1), 46-72
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Danish Griffin: The Wreck of an Early Modern Royal Carvel from 1495
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, ISSN 1057-2414, E-ISSN 1095-9270, Vol. 51, no 1, p. 46-72Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In the waters of the Southern Baltic, off the island of Stora Ekön, lies the wreck of a ship lost in 1495 belonging to King John (Hans) of Denmark (1455–1513). This paper draws on the archaeological investigation of the site since 2013 and summarizes previous archaeological and historical research. In its design, construction, and weapons technology the ship is both a rare example of a large carvel-built ‘great ship’ from the final phase of the Middle Ages and, in its role as floating embassy, a manifestation of socio-political processes of change that transitioned medieval Europe to a global, maritime world.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2022
National Category
Archaeology
Research subject
Historical Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-49198 (URN)10.1080/10572414.2022.2068803 (DOI)000804655200001 ()2-s2.0-85131357540 (Scopus ID)
Projects
The New Ship
Available from: 2022-06-11 Created: 2022-06-11 Last updated: 2022-12-23Bibliographically approved
Rönnby, J. (2021). Grifun/Gribshund (1495): Marinarkeologiska undersökningar. Huddinge: Södertörns högskola
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Grifun/Gribshund (1495): Marinarkeologiska undersökningar
2021 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

På norra sidan av Stora Ekön i Blekinge skärgård ligger på knappt tio meters djup vraket efter den danske unionskungen Hans skepp från år 1495. Denna skrift tar sin utgångspunkt i den marinarkeologiska undersökning som utfördes på vraket år 2019. Den innehåller även en sammanfattning av tidigare kunskaper samt en ny tolkningsdiskussion där den stora kravellens europeiska ursprung och sammanhang diskuteras.

Vraket efer Grifun/Gribshund utgör som skeppskonstruktion, avseende vapenteknologin ombord och de påträffade föremålen en frusen tidsbild av ett kungligt skepp från medeltidens slutskede. Det är en representant för en typ av nya stora skepp som i samspel med sina furstar var med och bidrog till den tidigmoderna samhällsförändringen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2021. p. 145
Series
Södertörn arkeologiska rapporter och studier
National Category
Archaeology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43026 (URN)978-91-980346-7-7 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-01-18 Created: 2021-01-18 Last updated: 2021-01-19Bibliographically approved
Rönnby, J. (2020). Det danska monstret: Om en skulptur och dess skepp i början av den Nya tiden. In: Kurt Almqvist; Svante Helmbaek Tirén (Ed.), Havets bildspråk: Galjonsfigurer och symboler. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Stolpe
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Det danska monstret: Om en skulptur och dess skepp i början av den Nya tiden
2020 (Swedish)In: Havets bildspråk: Galjonsfigurer och symboler / [ed] Kurt Almqvist; Svante Helmbaek Tirén, Stockholm: Bokförlaget Stolpe , 2020Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Bokförlaget Stolpe, 2020
National Category
Archaeology Arts
Research subject
Historical Studies; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-42930 (URN)9789198523782 (ISBN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A048/2012
Available from: 2020-12-14 Created: 2020-12-14 Last updated: 2020-12-14Bibliographically approved
Rönnby, J. (2020). The Danish Monster: A sculpture and its ship in the beginning of the Modern time. In: Kurt Almqvist Kurt; Svante Helmbaek Tirén (Ed.), The imagery of the sea: figureheads and symbols. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Stolpe
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Danish Monster: A sculpture and its ship in the beginning of the Modern time
2020 (English)In: The imagery of the sea: figureheads and symbols / [ed] Kurt Almqvist Kurt; Svante Helmbaek Tirén, Stockholm: Bokförlaget Stolpe , 2020Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Bokförlaget Stolpe, 2020
National Category
Archaeology Arts
Research subject
Historical Studies; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-42929 (URN)9789198523799 (ISBN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A048/2012
Available from: 2020-12-14 Created: 2020-12-14 Last updated: 2020-12-14Bibliographically approved
Rönnby, J. (2019). Flera spektakulära fynd vid utgrävningarna av Gribshunden. Marinarkeologisk tidskrift (3), 4-5
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Flera spektakulära fynd vid utgrävningarna av Gribshunden
2019 (Swedish)In: Marinarkeologisk tidskrift, ISSN 1100-9632, no 3, p. 4-5Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Marinarkeologiska sällskapet, 2019
Keywords
Tidigmodern, skeppsvrak, marinarkeologi, krigsskepp, Danmark
National Category
Archaeology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39767 (URN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A048-2012
Available from: 2020-01-09 Created: 2020-01-09 Last updated: 2020-12-14Bibliographically approved
Rönnby, J. (2019). Furstar, nya skepp och början på det moderna. Gränsløs (10), 39-48
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Furstar, nya skepp och början på det moderna
2019 (Swedish)In: Gränsløs, ISSN 2001-4961, no 10, p. 39-48Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Centrum för Öresundsstudier, 2019
Keywords
Tidigmodern, skeppsvrak, marinarkeologi, krigsskepp, Danmark
National Category
Archaeology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39766 (URN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A048-2012
Available from: 2020-01-09 Created: 2020-01-09 Last updated: 2020-03-31Bibliographically approved
Holmlund, J., Nilsson, B. & Rönnby, J. (2017). Joint Exploration of the Sunken Past: Examples of Maritime Archaeoogical Collaboration Between Industry and Academica in the Baltic. In: Bailey,G., Harff,J., Sakellariou. (Ed.), Under the Sea: Archaeology and Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf (pp. 53-63). Cham: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Joint Exploration of the Sunken Past: Examples of Maritime Archaeoogical Collaboration Between Industry and Academica in the Baltic
2017 (English)In: Under the Sea: Archaeology and Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf / [ed] Bailey,G., Harff,J., Sakellariou., Cham: Springer, 2017, p. 53-63Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This chapter examines the benefits and constraints of collaboration between an archaeological research unit and a commercial company, using as examples joint research conducted by MARIS (Maritime Archaeological Research Institute at Södertörn University) and the Swedish commercial marine survey company MMT. The examples presented here included the detailed reconstruction by remote sensing of deeply submerged shipwrecks and the mapping and discovery of submerged archaeological landscapes and associated artefacts such as fish traps, which can then be examined more closely by archaeological divers. The benefits to archaeologists of collaborating with well-equipped commercial companies are obvious, but the benefits are mutual. The demands of archaeological research can generate new technological solutions that have commercial application, as well as producing results with wider educational and social benefits. Provided that archaeological investigations are embedded in the normal commercial operations of the company, such collaboration can be cost-effective for both parties, and is further enhanced by collaboration with film companies, which generates wider public interest and publicity for all concerned.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2017
Series
Costal Research Library, ISSN 2211-0577 ; 20
Keywords
Shipwrecks, Submerged landscapes, Fish traps, ROV, Multibeam, Haväng, Mesolithic, Parametric sub bottom sonar
National Category
Archaeology
Research subject
Historical Studies; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33727 (URN)10.1007/978-3-319-53160-1_4 (DOI)720/42/2012 (Local ID)978-3-319-53158-8 (ISBN)720/42/2012 (Archive number)720/42/2012 (OAI)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 720/42/2012
Available from: 2017-11-21 Created: 2017-11-21 Last updated: 2019-03-12Bibliographically approved
Eriksson, N. & Rönnby, J. (2017). Mars (1564): the initial archaeological investigations of a great 16th-century Swedish warship. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 46(1), 92-107
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mars (1564): the initial archaeological investigations of a great 16th-century Swedish warship
2017 (English)In: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, ISSN 1057-2414, E-ISSN 1095-9270, Vol. 46, no 1, p. 92-107Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Before the Swedish warship Mars exploded and sank in action against a combined Danish and Lübeckian fleet in 1564, it was one of the largest ships in the world. In 2011 the wreck was relocated off the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. Thanks to the favourable conditions in the brackish water, about two thirds of the hull is preserved on the sea bottom, including the stern with the large sterncastle. The aim of this article is to present initial archaeological observations and results of work since 2011. We briefly describe the historical context and research perspectives regarding this wreck.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-Blackwell, 2017
Keywords
naval architecture; carvel construction; 16th century; Baltic Sea; battlefield archaeology; Sweden
National Category
Archaeology
Research subject
Historical Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31925 (URN)10.1111/1095-9270.12210 (DOI)000396762000007 ()2-s2.0-85011588694 (Scopus ID)720/42/2012 (Local ID)720/42/2012 (Archive number)720/42/2012 (OAI)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, 720/42/2012
Available from: 2017-02-01 Created: 2017-02-01 Last updated: 2020-03-31Bibliographically approved
Eriksson, N. (2017). Riksäpplet: Arkeologiska perspektiv på ett bortglömt regalskepp (1ed.). Lund: Nordic Academic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Riksäpplet: Arkeologiska perspektiv på ett bortglömt regalskepp
2017 (Swedish)Book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Riksäpplet deals with a shipwreck that has a neglected position in the grand narrative of the history of the Swedish navy. The story of its destiny and the missing accounts in scholarly and popular works in history says something about heritage processes within Swedish maritime archaeology.

On 5 June 1676 Riksäpplet came loose and adrift from its moorings outside Dalarö Sea fortress. The hull struck a rock and sank. The loss was considered both ignominious and embarrassing and the ship’s fate has been overlooked in all major history books. The rock onto which Riksäpplet sank was named ‘Äpplet’ after the incident, and the wreck itself has become an integrated component of the underwater seascape. As a consequence the wreckage has never enjoyed a proper ‘discovery’ or undergone documentation under the sensational forms that many other famous shipwrecks have, even though they have sunk in more inconvenient places.

In Eriksson’s study the official handling of Riksäpplet’s wrecked body is compared to the more wellknown ships Kronan and Svärdet, which both sank during battle only days before. Eriksson draws on different motifs and driving forces behind the study of naval wrecks from the period from his comparison, and the differences are discussed. Riksäpplet has never achieved a prominent position with the romanticising works of history that honour the national heroes and their deeds which are associated with this era of the Swedish Empire. The first half of the book thus sets out to unpack the ideas that have led to the relative disinterest in Riksäpplet in comparison to other shipwrecks.

The second half of the book sets out to analyse Riksäpplet from a specific archaeological perspective, with focus on the ship as material culture. Eriksson’s departure is to explore the relatively low budget fieldwork that has been done at the wreck site. He the combines those facts with a survey of the artefacts recovered from the wreck, of which all are kept in museum archives and private collections. This, in addition to his studies of preserved written correspondence concerning the construction of the ship, has brought new insights into seventeenth-century shipbuilding and how the balance between the global political superpowers affected this trade. In this context Riksäpplet has great potential to show how military alliances are materialized through ships’ architecture.

Abstract [sv]

Riksäpplet: Arkeologiska perspektiv på ett bortglömt regalskepp handlar om kulturarvsprocesser inom svensk marinarkeologi. Men boken handlar också om ett skeppsvrak som hamnat en hårsmån utanför den stora vedertagna sjökrigshistoriska berättelsen: regalskeppet Riksäpplet.

Den 5 juni 1676 slet sig Riksäpplet från förtöjningarna vid Dalarö skans. Skrovet högg i en klippa och sjönk. Förlisningen kom att betraktas som både snöplig och pinsam och har i efterhand kommit att förtigas i historieböckerna. Klippan bär idag namnet Äpplet och vraket har kommit att bli en integrerad och självklar del av landskapet. Som en konsekvens av detta har vraket inte kunnat påträffas och dokumenteras under de sensationella former som gällt för andra välkända skeppsvrak trots att de förlist på mer otillgängliga platser.

I boken jämförs hanteringen av Riksäpplets vrak med de mer välkända regalskeppen Kronan och Svärdet, vilka gick under i strid fem dagar före Riksäpplets förlisning. Utifrån jämförelsen diskuterar Eriksson motiv och drivkrafter som legat till grund för studiet av vrak efter svenska örlogsfartyg från stormaktstiden. Riksäpplet har inte kunnat erövra någon framträdande roll i den romantiserande historieskrivning som lyfter fram nationens hjältar och deras stordåd. Boken första hälft syftar till att synliggöra de mekanismer och drivkrafter som ligger bakom att Riksäpplet prioriterats bort till förmån för undersökningar av andra vrak.

Bokens andra hälft ägnas åt att fokusera på ett nytt, mer renodlat arkeologiskt perspektiv på skeppet som materiell kultur. Erikssons utgångspunkt är ett till resurserna tämligen begränsat arkeologiskt fältarbete på vrakplatsen som ändå har genererat stora resultat. Han kombinerar detta med en genomgång av de föremål som genom åren har bärgats från vraket och som finns arkiverade i olika museimagasin och hos privata samlare. Tillsammans med bevarad skriftlig korrespondens kring skeppets byggande väcks nya insikter om 1600-talets skeppsbyggeri och hur detta kunde påverkas av den globala politiska maktbalansen över världshaven. Satt i en sådan kontext har Riksäpplet stor potential att visa hur stormaktens militärallianser materialiserades genom skeppens arkitektur.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2017. p. 224 Edition: 1
Series
Södertörn Academic Studies, ISSN 1650-433X ; 70Kriterium, E-ISSN 2002-2131 ; 8
Keywords
Maritime Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Baroque, The Swedish Empire, Early modern Period, Shipbuilding, Shipwreck, Sculptures, Baltic Sea, Marinarkeologi, historisk arkeologi, barock, svensk stormaktstid, tidigmodern tid, skeppsbyggeri, skeppsvrak, skulptur, Östersjön
National Category
Archaeology History
Research subject
Historical Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33525 (URN)10.21525/kriterium.8 (DOI)720/42/2012 (Local ID)978-91-88168-79-5 (ISBN)978-91-88661-20-3 (ISBN)720/42/2012 (Archive number)720/42/2012 (OAI)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A048-2012
Available from: 2017-10-02 Created: 2017-10-02 Last updated: 2019-03-12Bibliographically approved
Principal InvestigatorRönnby, Johan
Co-InvestigatorEriksson, Niklas
Co-InvestigatorHöglund, Patrik
Co-InvestigatorStadin, Kekke
Coordinating organisation
Södertörn University
Funder
Period
2013-01-01 - 2017-12-31
Keywords [sv]
Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning
Keywords [en]
Baltic and East European studies
National Category
Archaeology
Identifiers
DiVA, id: project:186Project, id: A048-2012_OSS

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