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Title [sv]
Nationella mobiliseringstrategier och transnationellt nätverkande: Sociala rörelser i Öst och Väst
Title [en]
National mobilization strategies and transnational networking: Social movements in East and West.
Abstract [sv]
Projektet syftar till att, medelst fallstudier av sociala rörelsers arbetssätt, studera och jämföra förutsättningarna för civilsamhällelig mobilisering och kollektiv påverkan i Öst- och Västeuropa. Tidigare forskare har ofta pekat på att det civila samhället är svagt i Östeuropa. Stämmer det eller är det istället så att det är dynamiskt men fungerar på ett annat sätt än tidigare teoretiker om det civila samhället förväntat sig? Vilka konsekvenser får det faktum att rörelseorganisationer i Östeuropa ofta är mer beroende av resurser, t.ex. från utlandet, än deras västeuropeiska motsvarigheter? Hur har EUmedlemskapet påverkat organisationernas situation och arbetssätt? En gemensam tematik i projektet är betydelsen av transnationella utbyten, t.ex. transnationellt lärande, för sociala rörelser världsbilder, handlingsrepertoarer och mobiliseringsstrategier. Vi vill också undersöka hur olika transnationella rörelser arbetar i olika nationella kontexter. En annan gemensam tematik är spänningen mellan samarbete och kritik/konfrontation, mellan risken för kooptering och risken för marginalisering, och olika rörelsers eller rörelseorganisationers vägväl härvidlag. Och vilka spänningar leder valet av olika handlingsformer till inom olika rörelser? Projektet består av tre delstudier: 1.Kooptering versus radikalisering eller radikalisering genom kooptering? En jämförelse mellan kvinnorörelsen i Tjeckien och Polen. 2.Transnationell aktivism i den globala rättviserörelsen: En jämförelse mellan Sverige, Tyskland och Polen. 3.Lek eller dödligt allvar? Aktionsformer och transnationellt lärande inom djurrättsrörelsen i Sverige och Polen. Teoretiskt kommer att anknytas till rörelseforskning som både betonar de strukturella förutsättningarna för kollektivt handlande, t.ex. de sociala och politiska möjlighetsstrukturer som aktivisterna utvecklar sin handlingsrepertoar i relation till, och de aktivas identiteter, tolkningsramar och interaktioner.
Abstract [en]
The project aims at studying and comparing the societal conditions of mobilization of civil society and collective action in Eastern and Western Europe. More precisely, the project will study and compare the forms of action of three social movements: the animal rights movement, the women’s movement and the social justice movement. Previous research has often pointed to the weakness of civil society in Eastern Europe. Is that so, or is civil society functioning dynamically but in a different way than in Western Europe? Social movement organizations in Eastern Europe are often dependent on resources from the EU or from abroad. How does this affect their way of functioning? How has membership in the EU affected their situation and way of working? A related theme is the tension betwen cooperation and social criticism/confrontation, and the risk of cooptation versus the risk of marginalization. And how does these tensions come to expression within the movements themselves? Another common focus is the role of transnational exchanges and learning for the action repertoires and mobilization strategies. We also want to study how various transnational movements work in different national contexts. The project consists of three case-studies: 1) Cooptation versus radicalization or radicalization though cooptation? A comparison of the women’s movement in the Czeck Republic and Poland (Steven Saxonberg, Elzbieta Korolczuk) 2) Transnational activism in the global justice movement: A comparison of Sweden, Germany and Poland (Magnus Wennerhag) 3) Playfulness of deadly seriousness? Action forms and transnational learning in the animal rights movement in Sweden and Poland (Kerstin Jacobsson)
Publications (10 of 11) Show all publications
Jacobsson, K. & Lindblom, J. (2016). Animal Rights Activism: A Moral-Sociological Perspective on Social Movements (1ed.). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Animal Rights Activism: A Moral-Sociological Perspective on Social Movements
2016 (English)Book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. p. 150 Edition: 1
Series
Protest and Social Movements
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31437 (URN)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)9789089647641 (ISBN)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 421-2007-8782The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008
Available from: 2016-12-19 Created: 2016-12-19 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Jacobsson, K. & Saxonberg, S. (Eds.). (2015). Social Movements in Post-Communist Europe and Russia. London: Routledge
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Social Movements in Post-Communist Europe and Russia
2015 (English)Collection (editor) (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: Routledge, 2015. p. 123
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27037 (URN)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)1138784362 (ISBN)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008Swedish Research Council, 421-2010-1706
Available from: 2015-04-27 Created: 2015-04-27 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Lindblom, J. & Jacobsson, K. (2014). A deviance perspective on social movements: The case of animal rights activism. Deviant behavior, 35(2), 133-151
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A deviance perspective on social movements: The case of animal rights activism
2014 (English)In: Deviant behavior, ISSN 0163-9625, E-ISSN 1521-0456, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 133-151Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Keywords
animal rights, activism, deviance, social movements
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20038 (URN)10.1080/01639625.2013.834751 (DOI)000326307500004 ()2-s2.0-84887165516 (Scopus ID)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Projects
Från apati till aktivism
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008Swedish Research Council, 421-2007-8782
Available from: 2013-10-25 Created: 2013-10-25 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Korolczuk, E. (2014). Promoting civil society in contemporary Poland: Gendered results of institutional changes. VOLUNTAS - International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 25(4), 949-967
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Promoting civil society in contemporary Poland: Gendered results of institutional changes
2014 (English)In: VOLUNTAS - International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, ISSN 0957-8765, E-ISSN 1573-7888, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 949-967Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing discussion concerning factors determining the development of civil society in a post-state socialist context. It examines the financial mechanisms designed to promote civic engagement in Poland, including EU grants and the so-called ‘percentage law’ that allows citizens to support NGOs of their choice with 1 % of their taxes. A detailed analysis of these mechanisms demonstrates that they are advantageous for some types of non-governmental organizations and not for others. Instead of enhancing the situation of the whole sector, they tend to support NGOs that already have substantial resources and hold a strong position vis-à-vis the state. Moreover, organizations and groups fighting for issues considered to be controversial—such as women’s NGOs advocating for the right to abortion or criticizing authorities for their lack of concern when it comes to violence against women—have limited chances to gain financial support from both the state and those sources that are independent from the state. This shows how seemingly gender-neutral institutional arrangements may bring gendered results. The following analysis is based on available statistics (several reports provided by the Klon-Jawor Association, Social Diagnosis Reports from 2007 and 2011) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews and discourse analysis of the Polish media).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2014
Keywords
civil society, women's organizations, NGOs, Poland, percentage laws, EU grants
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21411 (URN)10.1007/s11266-013-9388-z (DOI)000339906800006 ()2-s2.0-84904467807 (Scopus ID)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008
Available from: 2014-01-16 Created: 2014-01-16 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Hryciuk, R. E. & Korolczuk, E. (2013). At the intersection of gender and class: social mobilization around mothers’ rights in Poland. In: Kerstin Jacobsson and Steven Saxonberg (Ed.), Beyond NGO‐ization?: The Development of Social Movements in Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 49-70). Farnham: Ashgate
Open this publication in new window or tab >>At the intersection of gender and class: social mobilization around mothers’ rights in Poland
2013 (English)In: Beyond NGO‐ization?: The Development of Social Movements in Central and Eastern Europe / [ed] Kerstin Jacobsson and Steven Saxonberg, Farnham: Ashgate, 2013, p. 49-70Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Farnham: Ashgate, 2013
Series
The mobilization series on social movements, protest, and culture
Keywords
social movements, civil society, Central and Eastern Europe, Poland
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21410 (URN)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)978-1-4094-4222-6 (ISBN)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Projects
Institutional constraints and creative solutions: Civil society in Poland in comparative perspective
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008Swedish Research Council, 421-2010-1706
Available from: 2014-01-16 Created: 2014-01-16 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Jacobsson, K. (2013). Channeling and enrollment: The institutional shaping of animal rights activism in Poland. In: Jacobsson Kerstin & Saxonberg Steven (Ed.), Beyond NGO-ization: The Development of Social Movements in Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 27-48). Farnham: Ashgate
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Channeling and enrollment: The institutional shaping of animal rights activism in Poland
2013 (English)In: Beyond NGO-ization: The Development of Social Movements in Central and Eastern Europe / [ed] Jacobsson Kerstin & Saxonberg Steven, Farnham: Ashgate, 2013, p. 27-48Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Farnham: Ashgate, 2013
Series
The Mobilization Series on Social Movements, Protest, and Culture
Keywords
animal rights, civil society, movement, Poland, political opportunity structure
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18637 (URN)9781409442226 (ISBN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008Swedish Research Council, 421/2010/1706
Available from: 2013-03-12 Created: 2013-03-12 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Korolczuk, E. (2013). Gendered boundaries between the state, family and civil society: the case of Poland after 1989. In: J. Nautz, P. Ginsborg and T. Nijhuis (Ed.), The Golden Chain: Family, Civil Society and the State (pp. 240-258). New York: Berghahn Books
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gendered boundaries between the state, family and civil society: the case of Poland after 1989
2013 (English)In: The Golden Chain: Family, Civil Society and the State / [ed] J. Nautz, P. Ginsborg and T. Nijhuis, New York: Berghahn Books, 2013, p. 240-258Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The article analyzes some aspects of the development of civil society networks in Poland since the collapse of socialism. I scrutinize the interplay between the concepts of family and the state policies in order to demonstrate how discourses on gender in Poland are mediated by the Catholic Church and its alliance with the state. Focusing on women’s participation in public life and women’s rights leads not only to an understanding of relations between the sexes, but to a deeper analysis of the relations between the state, civil society and family within a specific cultural context.

The examples discussed in the text suggest that civil society networks may emerge in democratic countries, even if they are discouraged by state policies, and members of society can at times challenge the notions of gendered citizenship and make use of their ‘private’ identities in order to gain certain political goals. Nonetheless, these examples also reveal the limitations of such strategies. The imbalance of power between the state apparatus and civil society activists is enormous, and without stabile and substantial resources and built-in mechanisms of support, the struggles of the latter often turn out to be frustrating and not fully successful.

Unfortunately, in the case of Poland the very roots of the newly established democratic order are patriarchal, and the sphere of formal politics is informed by the idea of a country as a nation rather than as a democratic society. The nation in turn is often imagined as a patriarchal family where ‘real’ women and men occupy their ‘natural’ places: women within the private sphere, bearing and rearing children, and men in the public sphere, protecting ‘womenandchildren’ and making all vital political decisions (Enloe 1991). As a result, instead of a classic triangle of the state, the market and civil society, Poles in general and Polish women in particular are trapped between the nation, the market and the church.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York: Berghahn Books, 2013
Series
European civil society ; 6
Keywords
civil society, family, social movements, Poland, women
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21413 (URN)2-s2.0-84917678755 (Scopus ID)0857454706 (ISBN)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008
Available from: 2014-01-16 Created: 2014-01-16 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Sörbom, A. & Wennerhag, M. (2013). Individualization, Life Politics, and the Reformulation of Social Critique: an Analysis of the Global Justice Movement. Critical Sociology, 39(3), 453-478
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Individualization, Life Politics, and the Reformulation of Social Critique: an Analysis of the Global Justice Movement
2013 (English)In: Critical Sociology, ISSN 0896-9205, E-ISSN 1569-1632, Vol. 39, no 3, p. 453-478Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Taking the contemporary political activism of ‘the Global Justice Movement’ as an illustrative case, this article scrutinizes some influential theoretical ideas about the consequences of ‘individualization’ for collective political action. Quite often, this process is seen as implying a new politics of individual life style – ‘life politics’ – which is associated with new social movements and claimed to have gained importance since the 1960s, on the expense of the collective ‘emancipatory politics’ being associated with ‘old social movements’ such as the Labor Movement. In the light of the article’s empirical findings, this alleged division between life politics and emancipatory politics is questioned, and it is argued that these two kinds of politics should be understood as intertwined practices. The article’s theoretically grounded analysis is based on quantitative data from a survey of participants at the fifth European Social Forum. These data are interpreted and further explored using qualitative interviews with activists.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2013
Keywords
collective action, critical theory, identity politics, individualization, life politics, political sociology, social critique, social movements
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16768 (URN)10.1177/0896920511431499 (DOI)000209202100010 ()2-s2.0-84876430098 (Scopus ID)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Projects
Från apati till aktivism: Medborgerliga identiteter och reaktioner på det politiska
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2007-8782The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008
Available from: 2012-07-03 Created: 2012-07-03 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Jacobsson, K. (2012). Fragmentation of the collective action space: The animal rights movement in Poland. East European Politics, 28(4), 353-370
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fragmentation of the collective action space: The animal rights movement in Poland
2012 (English)In: East European Politics, ISSN 2159-9165, E-ISSN 2159-9173, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 353-370Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In Poland, legacies of the communist past interact with contemporary domestic opportunity structures, conditioning and shaping the forms of action of the country's animal rights movement. The resulting ‘NGO-isation’ of civil society impedes effective collective action, with animal rights activists' engagement channelled towards ‘animal charity’ and service provision rather than more political strategies or disruptive forms of protest. Faced with an unfavourable political opportunity structure, the Polish animal rights movement has, moreover, opted for judicial activism and education instead of politics to achieve its ends. To understand the organisational fragmentation of the ‘collective action space’, the article suggests, the notion of ‘opportunity structures’ must be broadened to capture how the interplay between different types of opportunity structures affects action.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2012
Keywords
animal rights movement, civil society collective action space, Poland, post-communist
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17427 (URN)10.1080/21599165.2012.720570 (DOI)2-s2.0-84879526727 (Scopus ID)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Projects
Institutionella begränsningar och kreativa lösningar: Civilsamhället i Polen i jämförande perspektiv
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008Swedish Research Council, 421-2010-1706
Note

Reprint in:

Jacobsson, K. & Saxonberg, S. (red.) (2015). Social movements in post-communist Europe and Russia. Abingdon: Routledge.  ISBN: 1138784362

Available from: 2012-12-03 Created: 2012-12-03 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Korolczuk, E. (2011). Kłopot z NGOizacją: Debata na temat społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce / The Problem with NGO-ization. The Debate on Civil Society in Poland. Polityka Społeczna, 5-6, 37-43
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Kłopot z NGOizacją: Debata na temat społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce / The Problem with NGO-ization. The Debate on Civil Society in Poland
2011 (Polish)In: Polityka Społeczna, ISSN 0137-4729, Vol. 5-6, p. 37-43Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [pl]

Artykuł stanowi przyczynek do debaty na temat czynników warunkujących rozwój społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce. Zawiera podsumowanie najważniejszych wątków dyskusji dotyczącej kondycji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, jaka odbyła się w roku 2010, a także analizę strukturalnych uwarunkowań działania trzeciego sektora w Polsce. Bliższe spojrzenie na finansowe mechanizmy, których zadaniem miało być wspieranie rozwoju aktywności obywatelskiej w kraju (system grantów unijnych oraz możliwość wspierania organizacji pożytku publicznego 1% podatku) pokazuje zarówno źródła, jak i efekty głębokiego zróżnicowania sektora pozarządowego. Mechanizmy takie jak wspomniany 1% są korzystne jedynie w przypadku niewielkiej i dość specyficznej grupy organizacji, zaś sprzyjają marginalizacji innych, w konsekwencji osłabiając społeczeństwo obywatelskie rozumiane jako sfera oddolnych, spontanicznych działań na rzecz dobra wspólnego, zamiast stymulować jego rozwój.

Abstract [en]

The paper is a contribution to the on-going discussion concerning factors determining civil society’s development in Poland. It examines contemporary debates on civil society as well as financial mechanisms designed to promote people’s civic engagement in Poland (the EU grants and so called ‘percentage law’ allowing  citizens to support an NGO of their choice with 1 percent of their taxes). Detailed analysis of these mechanisms demonstrates that they are advantageous to some types of non-governmental organizations only, and disadvantageous to others, marginalizing the majority of small and middle-size organizations as well as specific types of claims. As a result, these mechanisms weaken rather than strengthen the development of grassroots spontaneous mobilizations and initiatives.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Poland: , 2011
Keywords
civil society, NGO, NGO-ization, percentage laws, EU grants, społeczeństwo obywatelskie, organizacje pozarządowe, NGO-izacja, 1%, granty europejskie
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21412 (URN)1751/42/2008 (Local ID)1751/42/2008 (Archive number)1751/42/2008 (OAI)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, A006-2008
Available from: 2014-01-16 Created: 2014-01-16 Last updated: 2021-04-16Bibliographically approved
Co-InvestigatorSaxonberg, Steven
Co-InvestigatorWennerhag, Magnus
Principal InvestigatorJacobsson, Kerstin
Co-InvestigatorKorolczuk, Elżbieta
Coordinating organisation
Södertörn University
Funder
Period
2009-01-01 - 2011-12-31
Keywords [sv]
Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning
Keywords [en]
Baltic and East European studies
National Category
Sociology (excluding Social Work, Social Psychology and Social Anthropology)
Identifiers
DiVA, id: project:1786Project, id: A006-2008_OSS