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Graf, H. (2024). Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. In: Stina Bengtsson, Staffan Ericson, Fredrik Stiernstedt (Ed.), Classics in Media Theory: (pp. 70-83). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication
2024 (English)In: Classics in Media Theory / [ed] Stina Bengtsson, Staffan Ericson, Fredrik Stiernstedt, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2024, p. 70-83Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This chapter takes as its point of departure a significant book that has inspired media and communication studies even though it treats issues of information and communication from a mathematical and technical angle. This chapter introduces Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s communication theory and its central concepts, which have been especially important in the field of media and communication studies, including the now-common terms information, selection, uncertainty and the (im)probability of communication. This chapter first reviews the mathematical theory of communication, as formulated by Shannon, and the additions provided by Weaver; it then briefly presents the criticism against this theory and how the theory has been used and further developed in fields such as cybernetics and systems theory.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2024
National Category
Media and Communications
Research subject
Critical and Cultural Theory
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-54278 (URN)10.4324/9781003432272-6 (DOI)2-s2.0-85195341017 (Scopus ID)9781040026519 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-06-18 Created: 2024-06-18 Last updated: 2024-06-18Bibliographically approved
Borelli, V. & Graf, H. (2024). How to Manage Complexity?: Observing the Observers: Luhmann and Verón. In: Göran Bolin; Jairo Ferreira; Isabel Löfgren; Ada C. Machado da Silveira (Ed.), Mediatisations North and South: Epistemological and Empirical Perspectives from Sweden and Brazil (pp. 63-81). Huddinge: Södertörns högskola
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How to Manage Complexity?: Observing the Observers: Luhmann and Verón
2024 (English)In: Mediatisations North and South: Epistemological and Empirical Perspectives from Sweden and Brazil / [ed] Göran Bolin; Jairo Ferreira; Isabel Löfgren; Ada C. Machado da Silveira, Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2024, p. 63-81Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Huddinge: Södertörns högskola, 2024
Series
Mediestudier vid Södertörns högskola, ISSN 1650-6162 ; 2024:2
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-54601 (URN)978-91-89504-91-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-08-22 Created: 2024-08-22 Last updated: 2024-08-22Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2024). Journalistiken, den etniska mångfalden och migrationen (3ed.). In: Michael Karlsson och Jesper Strömbäck (Ed.), Handbok i journalistikforskning: (pp. 339-351). Lund: Studentlitteratur AB
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Journalistiken, den etniska mångfalden och migrationen
2024 (Swedish)In: Handbok i journalistikforskning / [ed] Michael Karlsson och Jesper Strömbäck, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2024, 3, p. 339-351Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Det här kapitlet behandlar journalistik och etnisk mångfald ur ett medietext- och produktionsperspektiv. Kapitlet inkluderar inte etniska minoriteters reception av olika sorters medietexter.

Begreppet ”etnicitet” syftar på olika härkomst än den egna gruppen, som i detta kapitel är den nationella majoritetsgruppen. Som samlingsbegrepp används numera begreppet ”personer med utländsk bakgrund”, vilket avser personer som är utrikesfödda eller födda i Sverige med minst en utrikes född förälder (DS 2000:43). Framför allt i samband med forskningens historik inkluderas i kapitlet också nationella minoriteter, vilka fick officiellt erkännande i Sverige först 1999.

Fokus ligger på etnisk mångfald samt på nyhetsjournalistik i tv, radio och press. Därmed avgränsar sig kapitlet från frågor kring exempelvis kulturell mångfald, kön, funktionsnedsättning, sexuell läggning och ålder.

Efter en överblick över de mest relevanta teorierna och internationell forskning om journalistik och etnisk mångfald ges en mer detaljerad och kronologisk överblick över svensk forskning om ämnet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2024 Edition: 3
Keywords
etnisk mångfald, medier
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-55122 (URN)9789144166247 (ISBN)
Available from: 2020-01-14 Created: 2024-10-25Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2023). Medien. In: Henningsen, Bernd (Ed.), Nordeuropa: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium (pp. 365-374). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Medien
2023 (German)In: Nordeuropa: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium / [ed] Henningsen, Bernd, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2023, p. 365-374Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2023
Series
Nomos Handbuch
National Category
Media Studies
Research subject
Critical and Cultural Theory
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-53550 (URN)10.5771/9783748930914-365 (DOI)978-3-8487-8699-2 (ISBN)978-3-7489-3091-4 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-02-15 Created: 2024-02-15 Last updated: 2024-02-15Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2022). Post-migrant voices at times of hyper-visibility = Vozes pós-migrantes em tempos de hipervisibilidade. Paper presented at IV Seminário Internacional de Pesquisas em Midiatização e Processos Sociais. PPGCC-Unisinos. São Leopoldo, RS. Online 2020 NOVEMBER 04, 11, 18 DECEMBER 02, 16, 2021 JANUARY 06, 13, 20. Anais de Resumos Expandidos V Seminário Internacional de Pesquisas em Midiatização e Processos Sociais, 1(5)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Post-migrant voices at times of hyper-visibility = Vozes pós-migrantes em tempos de hipervisibilidade
2022 (English)In: Anais de Resumos Expandidos V Seminário Internacional de Pesquisas em Midiatização e Processos Sociais, ISSN 2675-4169, Vol. 1, no 5Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

At times of medialization, there is a  low threshold for producing media content. A plethora of media productions have arisen where immigrants and their descendants create addressable spaces. The challenge for today’s marginalized communities is not necessarily being denied a communication channel but rather an audience that listens. This article explores how post-migrant voices, consisting of an example from a German podcast, are made relevant in the public sphere by looking at connecting communications from corporate media. Considering the news media logic is asuccessful strategy to get attention from legacy media. The podcasts’ treatment of the topic of racism offers connectivity possibilities in terms of novelty, proximity, conflict, and personalization. The podcast also functions as a rich source for corporate media.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
São Leopoldo, Brasil: Midiaticom, 2022
Keywords
migrant media, podcast, news media logic, racism
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-55046 (URN)
Conference
IV Seminário Internacional de Pesquisas em Midiatização e Processos Sociais. PPGCC-Unisinos. São Leopoldo, RS. Online 2020 NOVEMBER 04, 11, 18 DECEMBER 02, 16, 2021 JANUARY 06, 13, 20
Available from: 2024-10-21 Created: 2024-10-21 Last updated: 2024-10-21Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2022). What to Expect?: The Role of Media Technologies in Refugees’ Resettlement. International Journal of Communication, 16
Open this publication in new window or tab >>What to Expect?: The Role of Media Technologies in Refugees’ Resettlement
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Communication, E-ISSN 1932-8036, Vol. 16Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article examines the entanglement between refugees’ Internet use and their present living conditions of resettlement in Sweden and Germany. It seeks to provide a new perspective by applying the operational concept of expectation as developed by Niklas Luhmann. Expectations emerge in the interplay between the user and the materiality as well as functionality of media technologies that are embedded in concrete living conditions. In the case of disappointed expectations, a cognitive or normative expectation stabilization strategy is applied. Based on in-depth interviews, it becomes obvious that where cognitive expectations are concerned, openness to change one’s expectations, and therefore learning, is increased.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
USC Annenberg, 2022
Keywords
refugee, Internet use, expectation, resettlement
National Category
Media and Communications
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-48146 (URN)000789589100003 ()2-s2.0-85125091800 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies
Available from: 2022-01-18 Created: 2022-01-18 Last updated: 2022-05-12Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2021). Migrant voices. Who speaks out what and why?: The example of the German podcast “Kanackische Welle”. In: NordMedia Conference 2021: Crisis and Resilience: Nordic Media Research on the Frontline.. Paper presented at NordMedia Conference 2021, 18–20 August 2021, Virtual Conference, Iceland.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Migrant voices. Who speaks out what and why?: The example of the German podcast “Kanackische Welle”
2021 (English)In: NordMedia Conference 2021: Crisis and Resilience: Nordic Media Research on the Frontline., 2021Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This paper gives first insights into a new research project (started in January 2021) about ”migrant voices”. We study different media initiatives and media productions by migrants or people with migrant backgrounds from different generations and in different countries (Sweden, Germany, Estonia). The term “migrant media” holds the idea that migrants make their own content, that is, they have editorial control, and tell their own stories purposefully and intentionally. This is a field that has only received marginal attention in the wider field of media and communication studies. Since the technical preconditions for speech, e.g. for participating in the public sphere are enhanced due to digital communication technologies, digital voices of the migrants have the potential to counteract a dominant mainstream media discourse. 

In order to explore forms of “listening” and “talking back”, I focus on a podcast named “Kanackische Welle” with 42 episodes (June 2021) that gained wider attention in the German public sphere. The topic of living in a multi-cultural society in general and racism in Germany in particular are widely discussed in this podcast. This paper asks how the producers work in order to amplify their voice beyond their own migrant community. What kind of voices, narratives and frames are privileged by this media? 

This podcast shows how it is possible to add new voices to the wider public sphere by addressing issues from perspectives that are usually not or only marginally noticed. The question of racism is not new, but the angle of everyday stereotyping and hierarchization of cultures and shades of skin color, and privileges of white people are hardly discussed. The issues are both treated in a “we and them” manner but also in self-reflective way. Guests are usually invited in order to deepen the conversation and to give a broader view. It is not done in a pro and contra manner but rather in an informal way of common understanding of the relevance of the issue by e.g. sharing expert knowledge in order to understand the roots and causes for widespread racist thinking. Already from the beginning, the hosts and guests agree upon the importance of the issue and want to clarify the problem. 

Actually, this media production is an example of how to make the media landscape more diverse. Benefitting from the status of being trained journalists and having a journalistic network behind, gave the hosts good starting opportunities for gaining attention and recognition from mainstream media and, therefore, a path into the wider public sphere and outside one’s own community. The combination of status and thoughtful treatment of complex issues in a playful way, especially target at the younger generation, has opened the door for recognition from mainstream media. The perspectives addressed in the podcast are “currently very requested” by mainstream media (Krone 2020) because they attract migrant communities and especially a younger audience, something that, mainstream media often have not succeeded with.

Keywords
migrants, migrant media, podcast, voice, listening, recognition
National Category
International Migration and Ethnic Relations Communication Studies
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-47624 (URN)
Conference
NordMedia Conference 2021, 18–20 August 2021, Virtual Conference, Iceland
Available from: 2021-11-30 Created: 2021-11-30 Last updated: 2021-11-30Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2021). What to expect?: The role of media technologies in refugees’ resettlement. In: The virtual 71st Annual International Communication Association Conference: Engaging the Essential Work of Care: Communication, Connectedness, and Social Justice. Paper presented at 71st Annual ICA Conference, Virtual Conference, 27-31 May 2021.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>What to expect?: The role of media technologies in refugees’ resettlement
2021 (English)In: The virtual 71st Annual International Communication Association Conference: Engaging the Essential Work of Care: Communication, Connectedness, and Social Justice, 2021Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This article examines the entanglement between refugees’ Internet use and their present living conditions of re-settlement in Sweden and Germany. It seeks to provide a new perspective by applying the operational concept of “expectation” as developed by Niklas Luhmann.

Expectations emerge in the interplay between the user and the materiality as well as functionality of media technologies that are embedded in concrete living conditions. Based on in-depth interviews, it becomes obvious that using media technologies in order to manage one’s life situation is a learning process influenced by social and cognitive conditions, whereby the responsibility of the individual is decisive for a successful outcome.

Keywords
refugee, resettlement, media technologies, expectation
National Category
Media and Communications International Migration and Ethnic Relations
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-47623 (URN)
Conference
71st Annual ICA Conference, Virtual Conference, 27-31 May 2021
Available from: 2021-11-30 Created: 2021-11-30 Last updated: 2021-11-30Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2021). Översikt av svensk medieforskning om invandring och etnisk mångfald. In: Vitt eller brett: Vilka får plats i medier och på redaktioner (pp. 108-130). Stockholm: Institutet för Mediestudier
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Översikt av svensk medieforskning om invandring och etnisk mångfald
2021 (Swedish)In: Vitt eller brett: Vilka får plats i medier och på redaktioner, Stockholm: Institutet för Mediestudier , 2021, p. 108-130Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Inom den svenska medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapen är forskningen kring migration och etnisk mångfald ett relativt nedprioriterat ämne. Det kan te sig märkligt i en tid kännetecknad av stora migrationsrörelser som förändrat samhället till att bli allt mer etniskt och kulturellt heterogent. Dessa samhällsförändringar har konsekvenser för det offentliga samtalet. I mitt bidrag ger jag en översikt av vad som forskats om i Sverige och försöker avslutningsvist ge några svar på varför det finns ett relativt lågt intresse för ämnet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Institutet för Mediestudier, 2021
Keywords
medieforskning, mångfald, etnicitet
National Category
Media and Communications
Research subject
Baltic and East European studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-47620 (URN)9789198709803 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-11-29 Created: 2021-11-29 Last updated: 2021-11-29Bibliographically approved
Graf, H. (2020). Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver: The Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949). In: Stina Bengtsson; Staffan Ericson; Fredrik Stiernstedt (Ed.), Medievetenskapens idétraditioner: (pp. 83-96). Lund: Studentlitteratur AB
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver: The Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949)
2020 (Swedish)In: Medievetenskapens idétraditioner / [ed] Stina Bengtsson; Staffan Ericson; Fredrik Stiernstedt, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2020, p. 83-96Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2020
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40472 (URN)9789144130712 (ISBN)
Available from: 2020-04-06 Created: 2020-04-06 Last updated: 2020-04-06Bibliographically approved
Projects
Media, Communication, and the Social Performance of Environmentalism: Comparing Ecological Collectives on Two Sides of the Baltic Sea. [A037-2009_OSS]; Södertörn University; Publications
Graf, H. (2014). From Wasteland to Flower Bed: Ritual in the Website Communication of Urban Activist Gardeners. Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research, 6(23), 451-471Graf, H. (2013). ”Another world is plantable”: Urban activist gardeners’ communicative action. In: COCE 2013: Abstracts. Paper presented at 12th biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Uppsala 6-10 June 2013 (pp. 20). Graf, H. (2012). Examining Garden Blogs as a Communication System. International Journal of Communication (6), 2758-2779
How Diversity Management makes a difference. A comparative study of how issues of ethnic and national diversity are managed in mass media organizations in Sweden and Germany [A035-2011_OSS]; Södertörn University; Publications
Schwarzenegger, C., Falböck, G., Graf, H., Ellefson, M., Agirreazkuenaga, I., Ferrández Ferrer, A. & Yanglyaeva, M. (2019). Ethnic Minorities and the Media – A Struggle for Voice, Self and Community?. In: K. Arnold, P. Preston & S. Kinnebrock (Ed.), The Handbook of European Communication History: (pp. 437-452). Hoboken: Wiley-BlackwellGraf, H. (2017). What Structures?: A communicative approach to ethnic diversity in German media companies. Journalism Practice, 11(5), 544-558Graf, H. (2015). Possibilities and limitations of managing ethnic diversity: The example of German private media companies. In: : . Paper presented at Nordmedia 2015. Media Presence - Mobile Modernities, Copenhagen August, 13-15, 2015.
The (dis)connected refugee: The role of communication technologies in trust-building in Sweden and Germany [31/2016_OSS]; Södertörn University; Publications
Farhan, C. (2023). Home Is Goose Bumps (on a Second Skin): Refugee Experience in the Songs of the Zollhausboys. In: Classon Frangos, Mike; Ghose, Sheila (Ed.), Refugee Genres: Essays on the Culture of Flight and Refuge (pp. 89-109). Cham: Palgrave MacmillanLeurs, K. & Seuferling, P. (2022). Migration and the Deep Time of Media Infrastructures. Communication, Culture & Critique, 15(2), 290-297Seuferling, P. & Leurs, K. (2021). Histories of humanitarian technophilia: how imaginaries of media technologies have shaped migration infrastructures. Mobilities, 16(5), 670-687Seuferling, P. (2021). Media and the refugee camp: The historical making of space, time, and politics in the modern refugee regime. (Doctoral dissertation). Huddinge: Södertörns högskolaGraf, H. (2021). What to expect?: The role of media technologies in refugees’ resettlement. In: The virtual 71st Annual International Communication Association Conference: Engaging the Essential Work of Care: Communication, Connectedness, and Social Justice. Paper presented at 71st Annual ICA Conference, Virtual Conference, 27-31 May 2021. Graf, H. (2021). Översikt av svensk medieforskning om invandring och etnisk mångfald. In: Vitt eller brett: Vilka får plats i medier och på redaktioner (pp. 108-130). Stockholm: Institutet för MediestudierSeuferling, P. (2020). Hopeful and Obligatory Remembering: Mediated Memory in Refugee Camps in Post-War Germany. Mediální studia, 14(1), 13-33Graf, H. (2020). Wir Flüchtlingskinder: Eine unendliche Geschichte. In: Amelie Björck; Eva Jonsson; Claudia Lindén; Mattias Pirholt (Ed.), Kulturmöten: En festskrift till Christine Farhan (pp. 105-121). Huddinge: Södertörns högskolaSchwarzenegger, C., Falböck, G., Graf, H., Ellefson, M., Agirreazkuenaga, I., Ferrández Ferrer, A. & Yanglyaeva, M. (2019). Ethnic Minorities and the Media – A Struggle for Voice, Self and Community?. In: K. Arnold, P. Preston & S. Kinnebrock (Ed.), The Handbook of European Communication History: (pp. 437-452). Hoboken: Wiley-BlackwellGraf, H. (2019). Journalistiken, den etniska mångfalden och migrationen (2ed.). In: Michael Karlsson och Jesper Strömbäck (Ed.), Handbok i journalistikforskning: (pp. 311-323). Lund: Studentlitteratur AB
Post-migrant voices in the Baltic Sea region (Sweden, Germany, Estonia) [S2-20-0015_OSS]; Södertörn University
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-1443-6537

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