AbstractPurpose – Island entrepreneurship is a relatively new research direction within entrepreneurship research. Mostpreviousresearch hasfocused on empiricalstudiesin specific island contexts. The purpose of this article isto (1)investigate how island entrepreneurship has been explored, (2) develop a theoretical foundation forconceptualising island entrepreneurship through the lens of entrepreneurial ecosystems theory and (3)propose a set of future research directions to advance the field

Design/methodology/approach – This article employs a literature review methodology, analysing 89 articlesthrough text analysis. The analysis identified 18 interrelated categories and then organised them into seven overarching themes.

Findings – Many studies highlight the key role of collective action and cooperation as prerequisites forentrepreneurial success. The main finding is that the entrepreneurial ecosystems approach can serve as anumbrella for addressing various research gaps, complex contexts and settings influencing entrepreneurialinteractions, resource use and the type of local institutions that either support or hamper entrepreneurialactivities on islands. This approach generates new knowledge to promote actionable entrepreneurial solutionsand policies for islands.

Originality/value – The paper’s originality lies in applying the entrepreneurial ecosystems approach to thespecific context of island entrepreneurship. It offers a holistic perspective that addresses previouslyunderexplored complexities, such as interactions between entrepreneurs, resource usage and the role of localinstitutions on islands.

The era of digitization coincides with a growing interest in social and environmental sustainability. Management scholars, therefore, turned their attention to the intersection of both trends, seeking a better understanding of how firms can manage digital sustainability. Business models are a central element in the strategic management of digital sustainability. Due to the diverse roots in the digitization literature, the sustainability literature and the business model literature, previous work on digital-sustainable business models is highly fragmented. We, therefore, develop a strategic management framework and conduct an integrative literature review to synthesize fragmented insights, covering 134 studies published between 2007 and 2023 in leading academic journals. Examining the synthesized body of knowledge from the lens of affordances and our framework's inclusive strategic management perspective, we then identify promising avenues for further strategy research. Among others, future research should examine complementarities and conflicts between the three business model dimensions (value propositions, value creation and delivery processes, value capture mechanisms), between multiple options within each dimension, between different digital technologies, between various digital affordances, between digitalization and sustainability and between the outcomes of the triple-bottom-line. More efforts should also be directed towards the antecedents and boundary conditions of digital-sustainable business models and towards questions of generalizability, especially towards generalizable theoretical mechanisms. Our framework, synthesis and research agenda support strategy scholars in advancing our understanding of business models for digital sustainability.

Human cognitive time has become a key asset of the digital economy, yet we lack the means to manage it. In response to that need, we propose a technology to manage cognitive time in economic organizations. This technology is called cognitive time-driven activity-based costing (CTABC), and it extends the established time-driven activity-based costing technology. CTABC accounts for human agents' cognitive time and the fact that cognitive time typically does not equal physical clock time for a given economic activity. CTABC also unearths a hidden lever effect that leads to considerable economic inefficiencies. An illustration of the proposed CTABC shows the limitations of contemporary approaches to cost assessments, which ignore errors caused by workers' cognitive time estimation. This paper contributes to the literature on cost accounting technology and the future of the digital economy. Specifically, it enriches the literature on the problem of the accuracy of employees' time estimates.

The price of a stock rises or falls in relation to a number of different factors, including changes to the economy brought about by pandemics. A few studies have already identified the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stock market. However, empirical evidence is lacking on changes in stock price performance of blockchain-based companies as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the event study approach to estimate stock expected returns by applying an asset pricing model over a thirty-day event window around the announcement on March 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, using a sample of S&P Global 1200 companies. Overall, our results indicate more sensitivity in blockchain-based companies' stock prices to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those of non-blockchain-based companies. Cumulative abnormal returns show that the stock price of blockchain-based companies recover losses slower than non-blockchain companies. Our findings are important for investors and shareholders for future pandemics and events.

This paper contributes to resolving the infamous problem of service production inefficiencies, focusing specifically on service profitability. Two independent experimental laboratory studies show that the profitability of services can be increased using performance feedback that informs task-performing individuals about the accuracy of their temporal assessments of the service tasks they have performed. Reducing inaccuracy in these assessments simultaneously reduces costs and increases service production revenues, boosting service profitability. This effect of feedback on the accuracy of time assessment at work and service profitability is a novel contribution to the literature on the economics of service production.

The exponentially growing literature on Industry 4.0 technologies and their implications for supply chains exhibits valuable insights alongside considerable fragmentation. While prior systematic literature reviews (SLRs) started to consolidate the literature, an SLR that simultaneously (a) covers several core technologies of the Industry 4.0, (b) synthesizes their positive and negative implications for supply chain performance in a broad sense, and (c) accounts for the critical success factors that foster or impede these implications is still missing. We contribute to establishing a cumulative body of knowledge by conducting such an SLR. We synthesize 221 articles published on 11 Industry 4.0 technologies between 2005 and 2021. Rather than aggregate implications, our SLR presents the benefits, challenges, and critical success factors of each core technology vis-a-vis supply chain performance individually. We integrate our findings into a framework of Industry 4.0 supply chain performance and derive promising avenues for future research. Specifically, we call for more research on (a) the challenges and critical success factors of Industry 4.0 technologies; (b) hitherto underexplored core technologies of the Industry 4.0; (c) the interaction of multiple core technologies (are they complements or substitutes?); as well as for (d) further consolidation and interdisciplinary dissemination efforts.

Delays constitute a key challenge in the management of service operations, causing substantial quality and cost issues. Delays in one service event can cause delays in another service event and so on, which creates challenges in the management of complex services. Assuming a lower-triangular matrix formalism, we develop a novel approach to modelling such chains of delays in complex service operations such as health care and software development. This approach can enable service managers to identify, understand, predict and control delays. Our research provides a novel theoretical contribution to the literature on service delays.

This article assesses the impact of welfare state systems on the performance of economies in creating the appropriate conditions for innovation and increased competitiveness. Since the 1970s, welfare systems have been regarded as disruptive influences on economic growth. This situation was exacerbated by the intensification of globalization and the emergence of new economies, which led to the need for initiatives to promote innovation and competitiveness, not least in the EU with so many different types of welfare state. To investigate the impact of welfare state systems on innovation performance and competitiveness, we used the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), which is based on a variety of indicators, as well as various essential indicators proposed by EU2020 innovation, such as the number of patents and the level of education and employment. The results obtained from the performance of five welfare state clusters of European countries have shown that the most comprehensive welfare states, primarily those in the Nordic countries, have been the most successful in achieving innovation goals and have long been ranked as innovation leaders in Europe. Moreover, public resource allocation for innovation leads to a more comprehensive agenda, including employment promotion, gender equality goals, and sustainability concerns. Welfare costs seem not to reduce competitiveness. And it is competitiveness itself that encourages the development of advanced social security systems.

Although Denmark and Sweden are deemed digital technology leaders, their information sectors have not yet been comprehensively measured. This study bridges this gap. Data for 1990–2012 are reclassified to fit the information sector conceptual framework from prior studies. The analyses examine sector economic value added, share of workers, share of the wage bill, and productivity ratios. These countries’ information sectors are compared with those of the United States and South Korea. Novel results include the counterintuitive indication that Denmark's sector differs from Sweden's, with the latter's being closer to South Korea's. The information sector dominates both economies, although Sweden's seems more productive than Denmark's.

A novel service price equation is advanced to explain how prices in the services market depend on service workers’ cognitive time in relation to the actual clock time (physical time) that is contracted for a service. Cognitive time affects service revenues, costs, the targeted service profit, and budgeted service time. The equation shows how the cognitive time of service workers produces a hidden price-lever effect, in which the service price behavior becomes non-linear. A minor difference between the cognitive time and the physical time of a given service generates a significant change in the price level required to realize a targeted service profit. If the workload of a service worker is increased to a certain level, there is a potential service price collapse, implying that the service provider cannot reach the budgeted profit. This collapse condition further advances the emerging literature on behavioral pricing of services.