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Porsani, J., Lalander, R., Lehtilä, K., Lima Costa, S. & da Conceição Carvalho, J. (2024). Expressing and enacting decoloniality through indigenous tourism: Experiences from the Pataxó Jaqueira Reserve in Brazil. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 9, Article ID 100859.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Expressing and enacting decoloniality through indigenous tourism: Experiences from the Pataxó Jaqueira Reserve in Brazil
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2024 (English)In: Social Sciences and Humanities Open, ISSN 2590-2911, Vol. 9, article id 100859Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study analyses the narratives expressed by the Pataxó indigenous people of Brazil within their indigenous tourism project, the “Jaqueira Reserve”. Our findings show that the indigenous people's role as protagonists in this setting foregrounds their voices, allowing them to retell and reposition themselves in history and to re-envision the future by presenting different ways of thinking and being. We contend that this Pataxó experience illustrates how decolonial endeavours are being crafted on an everyday basis in ways that strengthen indigenous cultural and environmental rights. Accordingly, we conclude that indigenous tourism has a transformational potential in the sense that it can counter the colonialization of mind and ideas and coloniality's violent oppression/exploitation of culture and nature. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
Keywords
Decolonial and colonial, Everyday resistance, Indigenous culture, Narrative analysis
National Category
Social Anthropology
Research subject
Environmental Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-53669 (URN)10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100859 (DOI)2-s2.0-85186316220 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018-01232
Available from: 2024-03-15 Created: 2024-03-15 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Porsani, J., Lalander, R., Lehtilä, K., Da Conceição-Carvalho, J. & Braz-Bomfim, J. (2024). Indigenously controlled tourism as struggle for autonomy: the Pataxó Jaqueira Reserve in Brazil. Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo / Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 13(1), 26-47
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Indigenously controlled tourism as struggle for autonomy: the Pataxó Jaqueira Reserve in Brazil
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2024 (English)In: Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo / Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, E-ISSN 2254-2035, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 26-47Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study analyses the emblematic experience of an indigenous group in Brazil, the Pataxó, who was able to set up and exercise strong control over an indigenous tourism project: the Jaqueira Reserve. Based on document analysis, interviews, and observations, we show how the Jaqueira Reserve was consolidated not only as a strongly autonomous initiative but also as constituent of a greater quest for autonomy (to craft aspired livelihoods conducive to cultural revitalization and environmental protection). The Pataxó experience shows that indigenous tourism can be an instrument in greater indigenous struggles, and as such can develop not only despite marginalization but also against it.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Universidad de Zaragoza, 2024
Keywords
territorial control, cultural strengthening, environmental protection, indigenous peoples, Bahia, Development studies
National Category
Human Geography
Research subject
Environmental Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-52287 (URN)10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.820 (DOI)2-s2.0-85186321297 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018-01232
Available from: 2023-09-05 Created: 2023-09-05 Last updated: 2025-02-24Bibliographically approved
Fortes, B., Porsani, J. & Lalander, R. (2023). Contesting Extractivism through Amazonian Indigenous Artivism: Decolonial reflections on possibilities for crafting a pluriverse from within. Alternautas, 10(1), 155-190
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Contesting Extractivism through Amazonian Indigenous Artivism: Decolonial reflections on possibilities for crafting a pluriverse from within
2023 (English)In: Alternautas, ISSN 2057-4924, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 155-190Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article provides an analysis of Amazonian Indigenous peoples’ “artivism” – understood as artistic expressions with activist orientation. It approaches artivism within the context of the emergence of Contemporary Indigenous Art in Brazil and its significance in the resistance against the centuries-long oppression of native peoples, illustrated by the advancement of extractivism in the Amazon. We focus on the artworks by four prominent Indigenous artivists: Jaider Esbell’s critical engagements with art history; Denilson Baniwa’s reanthropophagy movement; Daiara Tukano’s critique of articide; and Emerson Pontes’ transformation into Uýra, the Walking Tree. Altogether, the messages embedded in their artworks contest the dominant growth-oriented development narrative anchored on the pre-eminence of the human-nature ontological dualism, where Nature is reduced to economic resource, along with a view of development that positions western ways of knowing, being and living at the forefront of a civilizational continuum. We conclude by elucidating the central decolonizing role of Indigenous artivism and its potential to strengthen Indigenous’ voices and agendas which include exercising self-determination, resisting extractivism, and crafting more plural and just worlds.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Alternautas, 2023
Keywords
contemporary art, decoloniality, reanthropophagy, socioenvironmental justice, sustainable development, indigenous epistemologies, ontologies
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Environmental Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-52272 (URN)10.31273/an.v10i1.1300 (DOI)
Available from: 2023-09-01 Created: 2023-09-01 Last updated: 2023-09-01Bibliographically approved
Lalander, R., Lembke, M. & Porsani, J. (2023). Livelihood Alterations and Indigenous Innovators in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Alternautas, 10(1), 95-125
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Livelihood Alterations and Indigenous Innovators in the Ecuadorian Amazon
2023 (English)In: Alternautas, E-ISSN 2057-4924, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 95-125Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article approaches livelihood alterations in Indigenous communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon as means of adaptation and resistance to socio-environmental impacts brought along by the expansion of global capitalism. The cases comprise collective Indigenous endeavors in typically capitalist sectors -tourism and mining -illustrated by the experiences of Kichwa community tourism in Shiripuno in the central Amazon, and sustainable mining in the southern Amazonian Shuar community of Congüime (Kenkuim). Theaim is to unravel these emerging livelihood strategies in relation to Indigenous ethno-cultural identity. Methodologically, we rely on comparative and ethnographic work in the field with Indigenous actors, and on a theoretical framework anchored in the concepts of innovators, cultural boundary changes (Fredrik Barth), social fields of force (William Roseberry), and intercultural regimes (Fernando Galindo and Xavier Albó). In both empirical cases -Indigenous-controlled tourism and mining -communities are framing their ethnic identity to engage with, and positively reposition themselves in relation to the wider society. We hold that these endeavors must be comprehended as highly innovative, and that indigeneity and cultural boundaries can be strengthened bysocio-cultural changes toward livelihoods previously considered as “unauthentic” or “non-Indigenous”. We also argue that these new livelihood orientations have (purposely) altered gender relations within the communities in benefit of women. Additionally, our cases suggest that cultural strengthening and gender empowerment, among other positive outcomes, requires a nuanced apprehension of indigeneity as a partly floating concept and instrument gaining ground amid the increasing interconnectedness of ancienttraditions and capitalist modernity.

Abstract [es]

Este artículo aborda alteraciones de los modos de subsistencia en comunidades indígenas de la Amazonía ecuatoriana como medios de adaptación y resistencia a los impactos socioambientales provocados por la expansión del capitalismo global. Los casos comprenden esfuerzos indígenas colectivos en sectores típicamente capitalistas -turismo y minería -ilustrados por las experiencias del turismo comunitario Kichwa en Shiripuno en la Amazonía central, y la minería sostenible en la comunidad Shuar de Congüime (Kenkuim) en el sur amazónico. El objetivo esdesentrañar estas estrategias emergentes de subsistencia en relación con la identidad étnico-cultural. Metodológicamente, nos basamos en el trabajo comparativo y etnográfico en el campo con actores indígenas, y en un marco teórico anclado en los conceptosde innovadores, cambios de límites culturales (Fredrik Barth), campos sociales de fuerza (William Roseberry), y regímenes interculturales (Fernando Galindo y Xavier Albó). En ambos casos empíricos -el turismo y la minería controlados por los indígenas -las comunidades están enmarcando su identidad étnica para comprometerse y reposicionarse positivamente en relación con la sociedad más amplia. Sostenemos que estos esfuerzos deben ser comprendidos como altamente innovadores, y que la indigeneidad y las fronteras culturales pueden fortalecerse mediante cambios socioculturales hacia modos de subsistencia previamente considerados como "no auténticos" o "no indígenas". Asimismo, argumentamos que estas nuevas orientaciones de subsistencia han alterado (deliberadamente) las relaciones de género dentro de las comunidades en beneficio de las mujeres. Además, nuestros casos sugieren que el fortalecimiento cultural y el empoderamiento de género, entre otros resultados positivos, requieren una aprehensión matizada de la indigeneidad como un concepto e instrumento parcialmente flotante que gana terreno en medio de la creciente interconexión de las tradiciones ancestrales y la modernidad capitalista.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Warwick: University of Warwick Press, 2023
Keywords
Commoditization of culture; Indigeneity; Community tourism; Sustainable mining; Kichwa Community of Shiripuno; Shuar Community of Kenkuim., Comoditización de la cultura; indigeneidad; turismo comunitario; Minería sostenible; Comunidad Kichwa de Shiripuno; Comunidad Shuar de Kenkuim.
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Environmental Studies; Other research area; Critical and Cultural Theory
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-52052 (URN)10.31273/an.v10i1.1319 (DOI)
Projects
Realities of gold: Socio-environmental (in)justice, Indigenous resistance and rights-based alternatives in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018-01232The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), IB2018-7612
Available from: 2023-08-11 Created: 2023-08-11 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Lalander, R. & Ubidia, P. (2023). Prácticas ancestrales en tiempos de COVID-19: Reflexiones decoloniales desde tres comunidades Kichwa-Otavalos. Revista Dialógica Intercultural (1), 86-119
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Prácticas ancestrales en tiempos de COVID-19: Reflexiones decoloniales desde tres comunidades Kichwa-Otavalos
2023 (Spanish)In: Revista Dialógica Intercultural, ISSN 2960-0847, no 1, p. 86-119Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [es]

El argumento central del presente artículo es que en las periferias de la modernidad existen prácticas y conocimientos muy valiosos para comprender el mundo y para el manejo de situaciones críticas. En el contexto de la crisis pandémica global del Covid-19, este texto examina y problematiza las reacciones, estrategias y actitudes frente a la pandemia en tres comunidades Kichwas de la Sierra Norte ecuatoriana: La Calera, Huaycopungo y Punyaro. Partiendo desde una lógica teórica decolonial, sobre los mecanismos y estructuras de dominación y subordinación de ciertos grupos sociales y mediante un estudio de caso etnográfico comparativo y participativo, el resultado del artículo indica que el impacto del Covid-19 en las comunidades fue mínima. Asimismo, desde su ontología y tradiciones Kichwas, las tres comunidades reactivaron y expandieron la producción agrícola comunitaria y ampliaron sus prácticas de tratamientos medicinales ancestrales. Del mismo modo, podemos concluir que, desde el inicio de la pandemia, hubo un grado fuerte de desobediencia parcial o completa de las poblaciones indígenas hacia las restricciones y políticas estatales frente al Covid-19, e, incluso, una cantidad de los voceros Kichwas ni siquiera creía en la pandemia o las vacunas.

Abstract [en]

The central argument of this article is that, in the peripheries of modernity, highly valuable practices and knowledge exist, vis-à-vis the understanding the world and for the management of crisis situations. In the context of the global pandemic crisis of Covid-19, this text examines and problematizes the reactions, strategies, and attitudes to the pandemic in three Kichwa communities of the northern Ecuadorian highlands: La Calera, Huaycopungo and Punyaro. From a decolonial theoretical point of departure, regarding mechanisms and structures of domination and subordination of certain social groups, and through a comparative ethnographic and participatory case study, the result of the article indicates that the impact of Covid-19 on communities was minimal. Moreover, leaning on Kichwa ontology and traditions, the three communities reactivated and expanded community agricultural production and broadened the practices of ancestral medicinal treatments. Similarly, we conclude that, since the beginning of the pandemic, there was a strong degree of partial or complete disobedience of indigenous populations towards state restrictions and policies amidst Covid-19, and even that a number of Kichwa spokespersons did not even believe in the pandemic or the vaccines.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cochabamba, Bolivia: Proeib-Andes, Universidad Mayor de San Simón/UMSS, 2023
Keywords
Covid-19, decoloniality, communitarian strategies, Kichwa-Otavalos, ancestral practices., Covid-19, decolonialidad, estrategias comunitarias, Kichwa-Otavalos, prácticas ancestrales
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Other research area; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-52050 (URN)10.5281/zenodo.7893614 (DOI)
Available from: 2023-08-11 Created: 2023-08-11 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Lalander, R. (2023). Un enfoque político-ecológico decolonial sobre casos emblemáticos de ecoturismo comunitario desde abajo: Experiencias Kichwa, Shuar y Tsáchila. Revista Dialógica Intercultural, 1(2), 1-35
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Un enfoque político-ecológico decolonial sobre casos emblemáticos de ecoturismo comunitario desde abajo: Experiencias Kichwa, Shuar y Tsáchila
2023 (Spanish)In: Revista Dialógica Intercultural, ISSN 2960-0847, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 1-35Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [es]

Con inspiración teórica de la ecología política, perspectivas decoloniales y la conceptualización de utopías reales, este estudio etnográfico y comparativo trata de las experiencias de proyectos de turismo comunitario indígena desde abajo - iniciados y controlados desde la comunidad - en cuatro regiones de Ecuador. Más específicamente, se presentan los casos de las mujeres Kichwa- amazónicas de Shiripuno, el proyecto Mushily de los Tsáchila de un valle tropical del noroeste ecuatoriano, el caso costeño de Tsuer Entsa de los Shuar, y el proyecto Jatarishun de los Kichwa de la Sierra Norte. Estos casos se consideran emblemáticos e ilustrativos por sus características de ser iniciados y controlados por los mismos comuneros y en beneficio de toda la unidad comunitaria. En el artículo, estos proyectos se interpretan como expresiones tanto de resistencia por derechos y reconocimiento, como de adaptación al sistema capitalista y colonial, pero más que nunca bajo términos indígenas. Se destacan las dimensiones de relaciones de poder y las condiciones para el empoderamiento socioeconómico, cultural y ambiental, así como ciertos dilemas y desafíos, incluso sobre el tema de la autenticidad indígena en cuanto al turismo comunitario como modo de subsistencia principal para la cultura e identidad indígena. La pregunta central de investigación es: ¿Cómo perciben los actores protagonistas indígenas los impactos socioculturales, económicos y ambientales de las actividades turísticas en sus localidades? El resultado de la investigación indica que el turismo comunitario indígena desde abajo puede considerarse una opción viable de modo de subsistencia para las comunidades indígenas, conllevando asimismo el empoderamiento multidimensional.

Abstract [en]

Drawing theoretical inspiration from political ecology, decolonial perspectives, and the conceptualization of real utopias, this ethnographic and comparative study deals with the experiences of bottom-up Indigenous community tourism projects – initiated and controlled from the community – in four Ecuadorian regions. More specifically, the cases of the Kichwa-Amazonian women of Shiripuno, the Mushily project of the Tsáchila in a tropical valley of northwestern Ecuador, the coastal case of Tsuer Entsa of the Shuar, and the Jatarishun project of the Kichwa of the northern highlands are presented. These are cases that are considered emblematic and illustrative because of their characteristics of being initiated and controlled by the community members themselves and for the benefit of the entire community unit. In the article, these projects are interpreted as expressions of both resistances for rights and recognition, as well as adaptation to the capitalist and colonial system, but more than ever on Indigenous terms. The dimensions of power relations and conditions for socio-economic, cultural, and environmental empowerment are highlighted, as well as certain dilemmas and challenges, including on the issue of Indigenous authenticity in terms of community-based tourism as the main livelihood source for Indigenous culture and identity. The central research question is: How do Indigenous actors perceive the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts of tourism activities in their localities? The research results indicate that Indigenous community tourism from below can be a viable livelihood option for Indigenous communities, leading to multidimensional empowerment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cochabamba: Universidad Mayor de San Simón/UMSS, Bolivia, 2023
Keywords
Community-based tourism from below, Indigenous resistance, empowerments, real utopias., Turismo comunitario desde abajo, resistencia indígena, empoderamientos, utopías reales.
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Environmental Studies; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society; Critical and Cultural Theory
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-53591 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018–01232
Available from: 2024-02-24 Created: 2024-02-24 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Moberg, C., Wolrath Söderberg, M., Sandberg, L., Lindblad, I., Sjöholm, C., Gullström, M., . . . Stedt, K. (2022). De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten: 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav. Aftonbladet (2022-12-07)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten: 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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2022 (Swedish)In: Aftonbladet, no 2022-12-07, p. 2Article in journal, News item (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.)) Published
Abstract [sv]

Vi, 1 620 forskare samt lärare vid universitet och högskolor, är eniga med de unga bakom Auroramålet: De drabbas och riskerar att drabbas allvarligt av klimatkrisen under sin livstid. De klimatåtgärder vi vidtar i närtid avgör deras framtid. Sverige måste ta ansvar och göra sin rättvisa andel av det globala klimatarbetet. 

I strid med Parisavtalet ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser i en takt som gör att 1,5-gradersmålet kan överskridas om några år. De globala effekterna blir allt mer synliga med ständiga temperaturrekord, smältande isar, havshöjning och extremväder som torka, förödande bränder och skyfall med enorma översvämningar, som i Pakistan nyligen. Försörjningen av befolkningen utsätts för allvarliga hot i många länder.

Minskningen av den biologiska mångfalden är extrem. Klimatkrisen är enligt WHO det största hotet mot människors hälsa i hela världen och barn utgör en särskilt sårbar grupp. Med Sveriges nordliga läge sker uppvärmningen här dubbelt så fort som det globala genomsnittet. Det förskjuter utbredningsområden för växtlighet och sjukdomsbärande insekter och ökar förekomsten av extremväder såsom värmeböljor, skogsbränder och översvämningar samt av många olika sorters infektioner och allergier. När extremväder ökar, ökar även stressen och risken för mental ohälsa. Värmeböljor ökar risken för sjukdom och död hos sårbara grupper som äldre, små barn och personer med kroniska sjukdomar. De negativa effekterna på hälsan kommer att öka i takt med klimatkrisen och barn riskerar att drabbas av ackumulerade negativa hälsoeffekter under hela sina liv. Redan i dag är mer än hälften av unga mellan 12 och 18 år i Sverige ganska eller mycket oroliga för klimat och miljö. Detta är förståeligt när våra beslutsfattare inte gör vad som krävs.

Den juridiska och moraliska grunden för arbetet mot klimatförändringarna är att varje land måste göra sin rättvisa andel av det globala klimatarbetet. Centralt i det internationella klimatramverket är att rika länder med höga historiska utsläpp, däribland Sverige, måste gå före resten av världen. Dessa länder måste också bidra till att finansiera klimatomställningen i länderna i det Globala Syd, som är minst ansvariga för klimatkrisen men drabbas hårdast. Denna rättviseprincip är tydlig i Parisavtalet och var en het diskussionsfråga under COP27 i Sharm el-Sheikh, men lyser med sin frånvaro i det svenska klimatarbetet. 

Sverige har satt mål för att minska sina utsläpp. Men de är helt otillräckliga: minskningstakten är för låg och målen tillåter samtidigt att åtgärder skjuts på framtiden. Dessutom exkluderas merparten av Sveriges utsläpp från de svenska nationella utsläppsmålen; bland annat utelämnas utsläpp som svensk konsumtion orsakar utanför Sveriges gränser, utsläpp från utrikes transporter och utsläpp från markanvändning och skogsbruk, exempelvis utsläpp från förbränning av biobränslen eller utsläpp från dikade våtmarker (Prop. 2016/17:146 s.25-28).

Sverige saknar dessutom ett eget mål för att öka upptaget av växthusgaser genom utökat skydd och restaurering av ekosystem, något som krävs för att begränsa de värsta konsekvenserna av klimatkrisen (IPCC s.32). Trots dessa låga ambitioner misslyckas Sverige med att nå sina utsläppsmål, konstaterar både Klimatpolitiska rådet och Naturvårdsverket. En klimatpolitik i linje med Parisavtalet kräver både att alla typer av växthusgasutsläpp minskar samtidigt som – inte i stället för – upptaget av växthusgaser maximeras: i dag misslyckas Sverige på bägge fronter.

Slutsatsen är tydlig. Sverige vidtar inte de åtgärder som krävs för att skydda barns och ungdomars rättigheter enligt Europakonventionen till skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna. Detta medför allvarliga risker för liv och hälsa för unga generationer, människor i andra länder och särskilt utsatta grupper. Detta kan inte fortsätta. Därför ställer vi oss bakom Auroras krav att Sverige börjar göra sin rättvisa andel och omedelbart sätter igång ett omfattande och långtgående klimatarbete som vilar på vetenskaplig grund och sätter rättvisa i centrum.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Aftonbladet, 2022. p. 2
Keywords
Klimatförändringar; växthusgaser; mänskliga rättigheter
National Category
Other Legal Research Criminology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-50340 (URN)
Note

Aftonbladet Debatt

Available from: 2022-12-07 Created: 2022-12-07 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Gerhardt, K., Wolrath Söderberg, M., Lindblad, I., Diderichsen, Ö., Gullström, M., Dahlin, M., . . . Gradén, M. (2022). Nog nu, politiker – ta klimatkrisen på allvar. Aftonbladet (2022-08-25)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nog nu, politiker – ta klimatkrisen på allvar
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2022 (Swedish)In: Aftonbladet, no 2022-08-25Article in journal, News item (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.)) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Aftonbladet Hierta, 2022
National Category
Other Social Sciences Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-49755 (URN)
Note

Debattartikel från 1944 svenska forskare och anställda i forskarvärlden.

Available from: 2022-08-26 Created: 2022-08-26 Last updated: 2025-01-08Bibliographically approved
Lalander, R., Eguiguren Riofrío, M. B., Vera, A. K., Reyes, M., Espinosa, G. & Lembke, M. (2021). Indigenous Gold Mining in the Kenkuim Shuar Community: A Decolonial and Postcapitalist Approach to Sustainability. Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo / Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 10(2), 178-202
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Indigenous Gold Mining in the Kenkuim Shuar Community: A Decolonial and Postcapitalist Approach to Sustainability
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2021 (English)In: Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo / Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, E-ISSN 2254-2035, Vol. 10, no 2, p. 178-202Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article analyzes the experiences of the small Shuar community of Kenkuim (Congüime) in the Ecuadorian Amazon that since 2016 carries out gold mining through the communitarian company Exploken Minera. The case is unique in South America, not only for being the only example of indigenous mining granted formal state concession, but also for its green profile, without the usage of chemicals or heavy metals. Within a setting of expanding extractivism conditioned by global capitalism and a theoretical framework of a decolonial and postcapitalist approach to sustainability, this ethnographic study deals with the expressions of resistance and adaptation of the Kenkuim community and how socio-cultural, ecological, and economic values are articulated by Shuar actors in relation to the new indigenous mining project. The results indicate that this mining experiment constitutes a meaningful alternative to destructive extractivismin line with decolonial and postcapitalist reasoning.

Abstract [es]

En este artículo, se analizan las experiencias de la pequeña comunidad Shuar de Kenkuim (Congüime) en la Amazonía ecuatoriana que, desde 2016, lleva a cabo la extracción de oro mediante la empresa comunitaria Exploken Minera. El caso es excepcional en Sudamérica, no solo por ser la única minería indígena con una concesión estatal formal, sino también por su perfil verde, sin el uso de productos químicos o metales pesados. Dentro del contexto de un creciente extractivismo condicionado por el capitalismo global y un marco teórico de una aproximación decolonial y poscapitalista a la sostenibilidad, en este estudio etnográfico se tratan las estrategias de resistencia y adaptación de la comunidad Kenkuim y cómo los valores socioculturales, ecológicos y económicos son articulados por los actores Shuar respecto al nuevo proyecto minero indígena. Los resultados indican que este experimento constituye una alternativa significativa frente al extractivismo destructivo y como un proyecto coherente con las lógicas decoloniales y poscapitalistas.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Saragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) ; Spanish Network of Development Studies (REEDES), 2021
Keywords
Development studies, Congüime, Decoloniality, Postcapitalism, Resistance-Adaptation, Shuar community, Sustainable Indigenous mining., Comunidad Shuar, Congüime, Decolonialidad, Minería indígena sostenible, Resistencia-Adaptación.
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Environmental Sciences Ethnology
Research subject
Environmental Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44412 (URN)10.26754/OJS_RIED/IJDS.570 (DOI)000716394700008 ()2-s2.0-85119295756 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), IB2018-7612
Available from: 2021-02-25 Created: 2021-02-25 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Lalander, R. & Lembke, M. (2021). Reflexiones Decoloniales Sobre Sumak Kawsay Y Justicia Social. In: Andrea Aguirre Bermeo; María Beatriz Eguiguren, Jorge Maldonado Ordóñez & Janeth González Malla (Ed.), Libro de Acta de Memorias del Congreso Internacional Ciencias Jurídicas, sociales y políticas: (pp. 98-124). Loja, Ecuador: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja/UTPL
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reflexiones Decoloniales Sobre Sumak Kawsay Y Justicia Social
2021 (Spanish)In: Libro de Acta de Memorias del Congreso Internacional Ciencias Jurídicas, sociales y políticas / [ed] Andrea Aguirre Bermeo; María Beatriz Eguiguren, Jorge Maldonado Ordóñez & Janeth González Malla, Loja, Ecuador: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja/UTPL , 2021, p. 98-124Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study departs in a decolonial understanding of the Indigenous ethical-philosophical conceptualization of the Good Life: Sumak Kawsay/Buen-vivir. We argue that we need toview this concept as integrated by cultural, socio-economic and ecological dimensions, separate but interrelated values and identities that sometimes clash. One of our arguments likewise emphasizes that the class perspective is sometimes subordinated in the debates on Buen-vivir and therefore we pay special attention to the element of social justice, which is also central in decolonial theory on the capitalist colonial matrix of power and the strategies to disconnect from these structures of domination and marginalization. We view the indigenous contribution of Buen-vivir as a decolonial discourse and project. For the understanding of different interpretations and expressions of Buen-vivir, we must likewise consider particularities of indigenous peoples in terms of varying ethnic-cultural identity, that is, the relative and situational comprehensions of indigeneity. Methodologically, we should emphasize decades of ethnographic fieldwork, as well as critical reading of the debate on Sumak Kawsay/Buen-vivir and the theoretical contributions in the field of decolonial thought.

Abstract [es]

El punto de partida del presente estudio está en una comprensión decolonial de la conceptualización ético-filosófica indígena de la Buena Vida: Sumak Kawsay/Buen-vivir. Argumentamos que debemos analizar este concepto como integrado por dimensiones culturales, socioeconómicas y ecológicas; valores e identidades separados pero interrelacionados que a veces chocan entre sí. Se enfatiza, entre nuestros argumentos, que la perspectiva de la clase a veces está relativamente subordinada en los debates sobre Buen-vivir y por lo tanto prestamos atención particular al elemento de justicia social, el cual también es central en la teoría decolonial sobre la matriz colonial capitalista de poder y las estrategias para desconectarse de estas estructuras de dominación y marginalización. Consideramos que la contribución indígena del Buen-vivir más que todo debe verse como un discurso y proyecto decolonial. Para la comprensión de las diferentes interpretaciones y expresiones de Buen-vivir, también debemos considerar particularidades de los pueblos indígenas en términos de variaciones en la identidad étnico-cultural, es decir, las comprensiones relativas situacionales de la indigeneidad. Metodológicamente, debemos enfatizar décadas de trabajo de campo etnográfico, así como la lectura crítica del debate sobre Sumak Kawsay/Buen-vivir y las contribuciones teóricas en el campo del pensamiento decolonial.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Loja, Ecuador: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja/UTPL, 2021
Keywords
Development studies, Decoloniality; Indigeneity; Justice; Sumak Kawsay/Buen-vivir; Universalism/ Particularism., Decolonialidad; Indigeneidad; Justicia; Sumak Kawsay/Buen-vivir; Universalismo/Particularismo.
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Critical and Cultural Theory; Environmental Studies; Politics, Economy and the Organization of Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45371 (URN)978-9942-39-179-7 (ISBN)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2012-01828
Available from: 2021-05-15 Created: 2021-05-15 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Projects
Indigenous Community-based eco-tourism and socio-environmental justice in the Global South: comparing “from below” experiences in Brazil, Ecuador and Mozambique [2018-01232_Formas]; Södertörn University; Publications
Lindahl, V. (2024). Balancing Conservation and Rural Livelihoods: A Political Ecology Approach to Community-Based Tourism in the Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique. (Student paper). Södertörns högskolaPorsani, J., Lalander, R., Lehtilä, K., Lima Costa, S. & da Conceição Carvalho, J. (2024). Expressing and enacting decoloniality through indigenous tourism: Experiences from the Pataxó Jaqueira Reserve in Brazil. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 9, Article ID 100859. Porsani, J., Lalander, R., Lehtilä, K., Da Conceição-Carvalho, J. & Braz-Bomfim, J. (2024). Indigenously controlled tourism as struggle for autonomy: the Pataxó Jaqueira Reserve in Brazil. Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo / Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 13(1), 26-47Lalander, R., Lembke, M. & Porsani, J. (2023). Livelihood Alterations and Indigenous Innovators in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Alternautas, 10(1), 95-125Lalander, R. (2023). Un enfoque político-ecológico decolonial sobre casos emblemáticos de ecoturismo comunitario desde abajo: Experiencias Kichwa, Shuar y Tsáchila. Revista Dialógica Intercultural, 1(2), 1-35
Hydro-territorial Rights and Rural Sustainability in the Global South [2021-00867_Formas]; Södertörn University
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-2581-2588

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