On January 1st, 2019, a license-based system allowing online commercial companies to operate and advertise in the Swedish market was introduced. According to the Gambling Act, advertising should be ‘moderate’. Legislative changes are windows of opportunities where stakeholder interpretation and adaption may result in new agenda-setting based on conflicting interests. This article examines how stakeholder groups initially perceived and interpreted this key concept of moderation. Data from semi-structured interviews, seminars and press conferences, as well as policy documents and statements, were analyzed using a framework method approach. Contrary to what is stated in the legislation, stakeholders defined ‘moderation’ in terms of both content and volume. Although industry and media representatives requested further guidance for interpreting ‘moderation’, they favored self-regulation and allowing market consolidation. There was a notable ambivalence within and between stakeholder groups concerning balancing freedom of expression, market protection, consumer protection and public health. In conclusion, legislation is a blunt steering instrument when key concepts are largely left to stakeholders, with opposing interests, to interpret. Our study shows the incremental and interactive character of policy-making, where new legislation resulted in new policy responses. Case law and market consolidation take time and regulatory interventions need to take this into account.

Leadership research has always recognised the importance of childhood factors for the occupation of formal or informal leader positions later in life. Still, empirical research in the field has mainly been based on retrospective accounts from selective and small samples. Such research has also concentrated on individual traits and experiences, less on characteristics of the family. Our aim is to fill this void by prospectively examining the role of the family of origin on educational attainment and holding a managerial position in adulthood. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Multigenerational Study, including register and survey data, regarding 3,088 males born between 1950 and 1976 and their mothers' attitudes to education and child-rearing in the late 1960s. Our results showed a significant effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) on managerial role occupancy in late adulthood. This effect was mainly mediated through educational level. However, a noteworthy share of the total effect of family SES was channelled through maternal attitudes towards education. Positive attitudes towards education in the home environment accounted for an equally large share of the total indirect effect of family SES as the offspring's cognitive capacity did. Authoritarian attitudes to child-rearing among mothers were also found to have a negative impact on cognitive capacity and educational level - two well-known antecedents to leader emergence. Parental attitudes may boost or modify structural characteristics and individual traits associated with holding formal leader roles such as a managerial position - but also showed an independent effect several decades later.

Hösten 1997 beslutade riksdagen att en nollvision skulle utgöra grunden för trafiksäkerhetsarbetet i Sverige, det vill säga att ingen på sikt skulle dö eller skadas allvarligt i trafiken. Sedan dess har dödligheten och skadorna minskat avsevärt trots en betydande ökning i trafikmängden. Liknande visioner har därefter formulerats på andra politikområden. Därtill har Nollvisionen som idé och reformpaket spridits till många andra länder. 

För att kunna förverkligas kräver en så ambitiös politisk målsättning som Nollvisionen, som i princip innebär att en viss dödsorsak och typ av skador ska utrotas, en hög acceptans och efterlevnad bland allmänheten. I denna rapport presenteras resultat från en återkommande enkätundersökning av befolkningens syn på olika trafiksäkerhetsåtgärder samt på det egna beteendet i trafiken. 

One of the main tasks of the armed forces is to recruit and select future soldiers and to identify potential officers. However, these procedures may have a wider societal impact beyond the borders of the military organization itself. This study aims to examine how compatible assessments of military leadership potential are with those in the labor market. Using longitudinal data concerning a large cohort of Swedish males who underwent mustering during the early 1970s, we analyzed the association between officer suitability assessments and managerial role occupancy at age 50 to 55, while controlling for socio-demographic factors in childhood and adulthood. We found a high level of predictability, whereby those who were ranked highest were four times more likely to hold managerial positions than those with the lowest ranking. Results are discussed in relation to perceptions about leadership skills and possible institutional isomorphism between the armed forces and other societal organizations.

Sedan Nollvisionen antogs av den svenska riksdagen hösten 1997 har dödsfallen i trafiken minskat avsevärt trots en ökad trafikmängd. Nollvisionen anses ha haft en väsentlig betydelse för den utvecklingen.

Nollvisionen har även varit framgångsrik i andra avseenden. Den har spridits till ett antal länder och flera andra politikområden. Den har dessutom blivit ett varumärke för Trafikverket och en del av Sverigebilden, med trygghet och säkerhet, entreprenörskap och ingenjörskonst samt samverkan mellan politik, marknad och civilsamhälle som centrala komponenter.

Men trots framgångarna fanns redan från starten ett antal spänningar och olösta spörsmål som alltjämt präglar Nollvisions-arbetet. Den här boken handlar om vilka dessa spänningar och konfliktlinjer är och hur de påverkat styrningen mot noll.

Artikeln diskuterar tjänstemannaansvaret i gränslandet mellan straffrätten, offentligrättsliga arbetsrätten och förvaltningspolitiken. Tjänstemannaansvaret har varit oförändrat sedan slutet på 1980-talet och efter den senaste genomlysningen verkar rådande läge bestå. Tjänstemannaansvarets stora utmaning handlar om hur väl straffrätten (tjänstefel) och den offentligrättsliga arbetsrätten (tjänsteförseelse) hänger samman. Åklagare väcker sällan åtal för tjänstemän utanför den rättsvårdande sektorn och det finns samtidigt brister i det disciplinära förfarandet inom arbetsrätten. Myndigheter hanterar ofta fel och försummelser på annat sätt än genom formell prövning, vilket i sin tur innebär att många saknar erfarenhet av disciplinärenden. Konsekvensen blir en osäkerhet kring hur tjänstemannaansvaret i stort ska bedömas och det är svårt att med säkerhet uttala sig om hur effektivt tjänstemannaansvaret är när det gäller att sanktionera och vägleda tjänstemän och samtidigt leva upp till allmänhetens krav på att offentlig verksamhet utförs korrekt och ansvarsfullt. En fördjupad kunskap och bevakning av hur tjänstemannaansvarets sanktionssystem fungerar samt interagerar med varandra och andra styrformer är önskvärt, vilket även skulle bidra till förvaltningspolitikens vidare utveckling.

Swedish central government is usually described as dualistic, where ministries are few and small and where the bulk of government activities are handled by a large number of semiautonomous agencies at the national level. Consequently, the Swedish model has been particularly receptive to increasing agencification associated with modern public management reforms, such as the separation of policy formation and policy implementation whereby new agencies are created, and existing agencies are given more autonomy. Since 1994 each government agency is, for example, responsible for developing state employer policies. Unlike many other countries, civil servants have not been recruited through designated elite schools but via the open labor market in competition with other private and public employers. Job advertisements are the most common channel for recruitment, and within are an arena for different institutional logics in which the organization is embedded, such as the logic of the organization, the democratic state, the market, the community, and the profession. Based on these institutional logics, job advertisements for non-stereotypical bureaucrats in two Swedish government agencies are scrutinized. Both agencies were recently involved in scandals in which IT and data security issues were at the center of events, forcing members of staff to emerge as public servants. Job ads for such positions do, however, rather emphasize organizational, professional, and market values, while public values are toned down or presented indirectly.