Problematisering: Studien har identifierat brist på forskning som redogör användbarheten av hållbarhetsrapporter för privatinvesterare i Sverige. Befintlig forskning har genomförts mest från företag och institutionella investerares perspektiv, därmed föreligger ett gap som behöver studeras.

Syftet: Syftet med studien är att få en bättre förståelse av de incitament som leder till hållbara investeringar hos svenska privatinvesterare. Vidare ämnar sig studien att undersöka hur bedöms hållbarhetsrapporter och ESG-rating som informationskällor inför ett investeringsbeslut.

Teoretisk referensram: Inledningsvis presenteras existerande forskning som redan genomförts inom detta område och sedan presenteras GRI:s sex principer. Därefter presenteras Planned Behavior-teori och Individens beslutsprocess- teori.

Metod: En kvalitativ metod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 9 privatinvesterare som har läst hållbarhetsrapporter tidigare och investerar hållbart idag. Respondenterna valdes ut genom forskarnas sociala medier och intervjuades antingen fysiskt eller på distans.

Forskningsresultat: Resultatet visar att respondenterna får hållbarhetsinformation från olika källor beroende på deras attityd mot informationskällan som är baserad på tidigare erfarenheter,kunskapsnivå, preferens av tillgångsslag samt engagemangsnivå. Respondenterna väljer hållbara alternativ på grund av två faktorer; 1) god långsiktig avkastning och 2) starka värderingar. Hållbarhetsrapporter används av en tredjedel av respondenterna på grund av två faktorer; 1) krav på detaljerad information och 2) uppfattningen att hållbarhetsrapportering leder till ökat ansvarstagande hos företag. Respondenterna finner emellertid brister i rapporterna, i synnerhet i tydlighet och tillförlighet. Dessa brister kan delvis förklaras av respondenternas okunnighet samt företags försök att dölja underprestationer och betona positiva nyheter. Slutligen används ESG-ratings huvudsakligen för att respondenterna söker information som är lätt att få och lätt att förstå.

Som det konstaterades i förhållande till hållbarhetsrapporter är tidigare erfarenheter även avgörande här till uppfattning av ESG-ratings. Respondenterna som använder sig av endast ESG-ratings har tidigare fått positiva upplevelser såsom social bekräftelse av sin omgivning vilket skapar då den positiva attityden mot ESG-ratings.

Slutsatser: Både hållbarhetsrapporter och ESG-ratings har sina fördelar och nackdelar vilket påverkar användbarheten av det hos respondenterna. Det argumenteras att det i synnerhet är tidigare erfarenheter som skapar attityd och upprepade användning av informationskällor som underlag i investeringsbeslut för respektive respondent. 

Niccolò di Pietro Gerini's painting “The Temptation of Saint Anthony” (1390-1400) serves as a point of departure for this essay. It depicts Saint Anthony during a lapse of self-control as he attempts to resist an alluring mound of gold. Since the mound is in fact made of genuine gold leaves applied to the painting's surface, it works both as a representation of temptation as well as an object of desire affecting the beholder. 

The aim of this essay is to explore different approaches to materiality before the material turn within the art history discipline by examining two opposing directions within the writing and practice of art history:  the tradition of connoisseurship; and the critique of the fetish within the theoretical apparatus of new art history and visual culture studies of the 1980s and 90s. As an expression of positivism within art history, it is argued that connoisseurship be considered within the context of its empirical practices dealing with objects. What is commonly described as the connoisseur's “taste” or “love for art” would then be just another way to describe the intimate relationship formed between art historians and the very objects under their scrutiny. More than other humanist disciplines, art history is, with the possible exception of archaeology, an object-based discipline. It is empirically anchored in the unruly, deep sea of objects commonly known as the history of art. Still, there has been a lack of in-depth theoretical reflection on the materiality of artworks in the writings of art historians before the material turn. The question however, is not ifthis is so, but rather, why?

In this essay, it is suggested that the art history discipline has been marked by a complicated love-hate relationship with the materiality of which the very objects of study, more often than not, are made of; like Saint Anthony who is both attracted to and repelled by the shapeless mass of gold that Lucifer tempts him with. While connoisseurship represents attraction, resistance to the allure of objects can be traced to the habitual critique of fetishism of the first generations of visual culture studies and new art history. It reflects a negative stance towards objects and the material aspect of artworks, which enhanced a conceived dichotomy between thinking critically and analytically in contrast to managing documents and objects in archives and museum depositories. However, juxtaposing the act of thinking with the practice of manual labour has a long tradition in Western intellectual history. 

Furthermore, it is argued that art history cannot easily be compared to the history of other disciplines because of the simple fact that artworks are typically quite expensive and unique commodities, and as such, they provoke not just aesthetic but also fetishist responses. Thus, this desire to separate art history as a scientific discipline from the fetishism of the art market has had the paradoxical effect of causing art historians to shy away from developing methodologies and theory about materiality as an act of resistance. 

Att barns och ungdomars socioekonomiska levnadsvillkor påverkar deras möjligheter att delta i fritidsutbudet framgår av flera tidigare studier. Vad kan då den kommunala förvaltningen göra för att erbjuda en meningsfull fritid för alla barn och unga? I denna rapport diskuteras frågan om en jämlik fritid utifrån en analys av Malmö stads Fritidsförvaltning. 

In 2017, Kenya's government banned plastic bags, to reduce plastic waste and protect the environment. Today Kenya has one of the strictest plastic bag bans in the world. 

This study examines the perception of the plastic bag ban by different income classes in Nairobi, as well as what factors influence people's support for the plastic bag ban in Nairobi. 

The result indicates that the majority of respondents expressed strong support for the plastic bag ban, citing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices. However, a small segment of the population remained skeptical about the effectiveness and feasibility of the ban. The opinions of respondents that the ban was not strict enough is an indicator that the government still needs to do more and work towards a better environment. Factors such as age and education level emerged as influential factors in shaping individuals' perceptions. However, the relationship was not enough to influence opinion on supporting the ban. 

Consumer behaviors and awareness about environmental factors were mainly significant in influencing the opinions of residents in supporting the ban. This suggests that people that have reduced their plastic bag usage and are environmentally conscious, are more likely to support the plastic bag ban. 

In conclusion, the findings from this study contribute to the public’s opinion on this strict plastic bag ban, in Kenya. The results emphasize the importance of promoting awareness and education to ensure the successful implementation and acceptance of the plastic bag ban. These findings can inform policymakers, environmental organizations, and other stakeholders in designing effective strategies to address plastic waste and promote sustainable practices. 

This article discusses the genre of literary journalism/reportage against a background of earlier assumptions on fictionality. At a local level in nonfiction, fic- tionality can be expressed through invented stories and scenarios that create a con- trast to the global, nonfictive context. However, fictionality can also be expressed through stylistic devices that traditionally have been associated with narrative fic- tion. A local contrast may appear, but only if the genre in itself is not narrative. If the focus is on the nonfictional and narrative genre of literary journalism/reportage, there will be no contrast. Here, the rhetoric will work just like in narrative fiction and should be considered to be part of the features of narrativity. Furthermore, the concept imagination should be perceived in close relation to Monika Fludernik’s understanding of narrative as experience. The conclusion is a call to partly rethink existing connections between fictionality, narrativity, and imagination in order to better understand the narrative nature of reportage. 

Eutrophication assessments in water management to quantify nutrient loads and identify mitigating measures seldom include the contribution from horse facilities. This may be due to lack of appropriate methods, limited resources, or the belief that the impact from horses is insignificant. However, the recreational horse sector is growing, predominantly in multi-functional peri-urban landscapes. We applied an ecosystem management approach to quantify nutrient loads from horse facilities in the Stockholm Region, Sweden. We found that horses increased the total loads with 30-40% P and 20-45% N, with average area-specific loads of 1.2 kg P and 7.6 kg N ha^-1 year^-1. Identified local risk factors included manure management practices, trampling severity, soil condition and closeness to water. Comparisons of assessment methods showed that literature standard values of area-specific loads and water runoff may be sufficient at the catchment level, but in small and more complex catchments, measurements and local knowledge are needed.

Learning from “The Other”? Transformative learning in Swedish high school students’ narratives from an educational trip to Kenya. The study explores transformative learning in a group of Swedish high school students’ shared narratives about an educational trip to Kenya. The understanding of transformative learning is inspired by a discourse analytical approach, which emphasizes the use of discursive frameworks and repertoires for making sense of experiences. The analysis shows that the participants express a desire to learn from ‘the Other’, which is associated with a critical examination of their own ways of thinking. Moreover, the image of ‘the other’ is complex. On the one hand, it is constructed as a generalized image of the exotic other and reproduces notions of ‘the noble savage’. On the other hand, the image of ‘the other’ is also framed by a liberal discourse of individualism and tolerance. Finally, the narratives also entail constructions of similarity, which indicates a more radical renegotiation of previous discursive frames and blurs the borders between us and them.

Evengy Pashukanis was a russian legal scholar who with his book Law and Marxism: a general theorydeveloped a theory according to which law emerges from the exchange of commodities undercapitalism. The aim of this essay, called “the Right to the commodity and the origins of subjectivity”,is to determine the meaning of the term “legal subjectivity” and how the legal subject gains “adouble” with a “juridically constituted” will and how this affects a concrete person’s lived experienceaccording to Pashukanis. Legal subjectivity arises from the need of commodities to be exchanged onthe market, which makes the law and the economy mutually dependent upon each other. Thecommodity gives subjectivity to its owner and engenders it with a profit maximizing will, asubjectivation completed through a mutual recognition between two commodity owners in whichthey recognize each other’s abilities to hold rights and duties. This means the subjects recognize eachother as formally equal and independent. This leads to the beliefs that the will comes from theconcrete person and not the commodity, and that the subject is autonomous when in fact it is theresult of a social interplay. When the two legal subjects get into a conflict it gives rise to a statemachinery in the form of the judiciary and the law which appears neutral but acts in accordance withthe needs of the capitalist system, and the legal form, which the machinery then spreads to othersocial relations, turning them into to relations between legal subjects based on rights and duties. Thestate and the economy appear separate but are linked through the legal subject. The legal formtransforms the legal subject into its own double, this more abstract subjectivity can be described asdifferent roles that the legal subject acts out in different scenarios with a will based on the needs ofthe capitalist system, although the will seems to be free and absolute and emanating from theconcrete person. The legal subjectivity is coded as a male and limited in what duties it can take on. 

The aim of this study is to investigate discourses related to Christianity in Swedish crime fiction. In doing this the top-selling books each year between 2004 and 2021 are examined. Furthermore, the purpose is to explore whether the identified discourses can be related to attitudes towards Christianity in Swedish society. The investigation is done using Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model for Critical Discourse Analysis. The result shows that the top-selling Swedish crime novels, written so far in the 21st century, mostly have a prejudiced attitude towards Christianity and are characterized by a general discourse of suspicion concerning this worldview. This is to some extent connected to conventions of the genre and the fact that there is a lack of nuance in what types of Christian practices that are described. It is however also notable that there is a similar discourse of suspicion towards Christianity in Swedish society.

Pornographic games have historically been distributed outside of mainstream channels. Steam, in 2018, change its policy allowing uncensored pornographic games to be sold. We found 452 games or DLCs that were tagged as mature content and sexual content. We analyzed 40 of those games in detail. 17.5% of these games only contain nudity while the rest graphically depicted sex. Visual novels and adventure games were the most numerous genres. Drama and fantasy were the most used milieus. Two of the games contained only male-male sex whereas the rest depicted heterosexual sex or heterosexualized same-sex sex. The pornographic scenes or nude images were tied to the game's progression structure.

This research article explores the potential of AI as a collaborative tool in graphic design, investigating designers’ perceptions and concerns regarding its integration. A preliminary study identifies current challenges faced by designers, leading to the development of three scenarios envisioning the future of AI-powered tools. A prototype tool called “Desain” with advanced AI features is created. User study and interviews uncover designers’ perspectives and ethical concerns. AI is valued as a collaborative tool, but its limitations in capturing human creativity are emphasized. Ethical concerns include lazy design, accountability, and data privacy. The study emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical guidelines, and responsible decision-making for the future of AI in graphic design.

I den här vetenskapliga essän vid Centrum för praktisk kunskap har jag undersökt min känsla av kluvenhet och frustration i mitt yrke som gymnasielärare i svenska. Dessa känslor gestaltas i två möten med elever, ett möte med en klass då jag presenterar ett nytt romanprojekt och ett med eleven Lilly som inte hinner med att lära sig i sin egen takt, utan tvingas ta bort kurser för att orka med.

    Frustrationen och kluvenheten har sitt ursprung i en känsla av att inte kunna vara den lärare jag vill. Det grundar sig i att vara i konflikt med den kunskapssyn och det språk som finns i läroplanen GY11 och att värna om det skönlitterära språket och den kunskap som skönlitteraturen ger. Genom att undersöka begreppet fronesis med hjälp av Aristoteles och Fink hittar jag analogier med hur skönlitteraturen fungerar i läsaren och även hur fronesis fungerar i läraren som fostrare av goda medborgare. Med hjälp av filosofen Gadamer ser jag tolkningen av text som en väg till kunskap och den hermeneutiska dimensionen av fronesis. Vidare tar jag även hjälp av författarens Knausgård och litteraturprofessorn Toril Mois syn på skönlitteraturen som ett sätt att bli uppmärksam på språket, världen, livet och sig själv. Även här hittar jag fronetiska drag hos skönlitteraturen.  

   Essän utmynnar i en idé om att skönlitteraturen har något fronestisk över sig. Den framhåller också att skönlitteratur har en viktig plats i svensk skola för att vi ska få vara erfarande och kunskapande subjekt och inte endast mätbara objekt.

Studien undersöker hur den belgiska filosofen Isabelle Stengers kosmopolitiska förslag kan fungera som en litteraturvetenskaplig analysmetod i läsandet av Agneta Enckells diktsamlingar skrivna 1983–2014. Stengers kosmopolitik utgör en praktikernas ekologi som syftar till att sakta ner tänkandet genom att svetsa samman common sense med fantasi. Hon återaktiverar begreppet ”common sense” från den brittiske matematikern och filosofen Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). Common sense innebär att man är uppmärksam på hur varje situation genererar ett grubblande. Fantasi är å sin sida ett föreställningssprång som sätter tanken i rörelse med situationens möjlighet. Det innebär också att man tar risker, att man öppnar sig för ett krävande och obligatoriskt sammanhang utan garantier. Metoden är alltså en närläsning och en sammansvetsning av common sense och fantasi. Agneta Enckell är en finlandssvensk poet född 1957 i Helsingfors. Hon debuterade 1983 och har gett ut nio diktsamlingar, varav den senaste (med eget namn, utan namn, ditt namn): dikter (2020) inte ingår i denna studie. Enckells dikter utforskar språket i vardande, i det oartikulerade eller i det vibrerande, tveksamma rörelser före sömn och uppvaknande, mellan en fysisk och en ihågkommen plats, mellan ord och andetag, ibland i en början, i ett språng eller i en bristning. Dikterna utspelar sig runt Östersjön, svävande strax under vattenytan, på papperet eller på ytan eller från hudens hål, under ett fall eller i sprickan av en sten.

The study has identified a lack of research that has studied the value of sustainability reports for private investors in Sweden. Existing research has mostly been conducted from the perspective of companies and institutional investors, hence there is a gap that needs to be studied. 

The purpose of the study is to gain a better understanding of the incentives that lead to sustainable investments for Swedish private investors. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate how sustainability reports and ESG ratings are assessed as sources of information in an investment decision. 

Firstly, it presents the research that has already been done in this area and then proceeds to present the GRI framework. Finally, Planned Behavior theory and Individual decision process theory are presented. 

A qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews was conducted with 9 private investors who have read sustainability reports in the past and priorities sustainability in their investments. The respondents were selected through the researchers' social media and were interviewed either physically or remotely. 

The result shows that the respondents receive sustainability information from different sources depending on their attitude towards the information source, which is based on previous experiences, level of knowledge, preference of asset type and level of commitment. Respondents choose sustainable options due to two factors: 1) good long-term returns and 2) strong values. Sustainability reports are used due to two factors: 1) demand for detailed information and 2) the perception that sustainability reporting leads to increased responsibility for companies. However, the respondents find shortcomings in the reports, especially in terms of clarity and reliability. 

These shortcomings can be partly explained by respondent’s lack of understanding of information as well as companies' attempts to hide underperformance and emphasize positive news. Finally, ESG ratings are mainly used because respondents seek information that is easy to obtain and easy to understand. As was established in relation to sustainability reports, past experiences are also decisive here in the perception of ESG ratings. The respondents who use only ESG ratings have previously had positive experiences such as social confirmation from their surroundings, which then creates the positive attitude towards ESG ratings. 

Both sustainability reports and ESG ratings have their advantages and disadvantages, which affects the usability of it among the respondents. The study argues that it is previous experiences that particularly create a specific attitude that give birth to repeated use of information sources as a basis for investment decisions for the respective respondent. 

The major Swedish banks have been affected by digitalization in the financial sector, where FinTech has contributed with new technological opportunities. The banks that partner with FinTech companies can develop effective and innovative solutions for both companies and individuals. However, the banks' cooperation with FinTech companies has resulted in various risks, mainly cyber and operational risks. The actors investigated were Handelsbanken, SEB and Swedbank.

The purpose of the study is to analyze and investigate the relationship between banks and FinTech companies. With a focus on cooperation and competition as well as whether there are any potential risks that may arise in the relationships. 

In order to answer the purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with representatives from the banks as primary data collection. Secondary data have also been used, such as banks' annual reports and scientific articles.

The theoretical frame of reference is important in relation to the research questions and the chosen theory of cooperation and competition is crucial for the purpose of the study.

The results showed that all banks saw collaborations with Fintech companies as an opportunity to streamline their systems and develop services beyond their own capacity. However, these collaborations were different, where Handelsbanken avoided external collaborations unlike SEB and Swedbank.

Finally, the study concluded that all banks experienced increased exposure to risks because of the emergence of FinTech. 

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to deepen the understanding of how crisis communication on Instagram is conducted and how it influences consumers' perceptions of a company following a scandal.

Method: This study is based on a qualitative research method. The findings in the study are derived from observations, semiotic analysis, and semi-structured interviews with nine different informants.

Conclusion: Through Instagram, companies facing scandals actively address brand crises using detailed image posts that constitute their crisis communication. Their strategy is focused on responding to public criticism and demonstrating an understanding of the crisis's cause and their own responsibility. Through transparency and honesty in their communication, the company aims to rebuild trust and present themselves as credible and reliable in the eyes of consumers. The company's statements and actions are formulated to reshape their reputation and reduce negative attitudes among consumers. By means of the visual representation on Instagram, the company reinforces their message in a way that enhances consumers' trust and aids in reshaping their attitudes after the crisis has occurred.

At Södertörn University, Sweden, a collaboration model has been developed from the theory of academic literacies, aiming to support students’ writing development. In this innovative way of working, university librarians and writing teachers collaborate with lecturers to integrate a teaching element on academic writing (including searching for, appraising, reading, and writing texts) into existing university courses. In this article, we describe and discuss our experiences of implementing this model in nursing education. We observed that the collaboration made it possible for all professionals to share their knowledge, both in a theoretical and practical sense. Among other things, the lecturers appropriated several linguistic tools which they were able to use in their continued teaching of academic writing. However, challenges regarding the collegial sharing of knowledge were also experienced. If the lessons learned are to be implemented in the organisation, both resources and a mandate from the management are essential. 

The current conflict in Ukraine has forcibly displaced a large number of people and has put migration issues at the center of attention once again. A small, but growing, body of literature has revealed that Ukrainian refugees are being treated differently vis-à-vis other refugee groups – this is a clear concern for the social work profession, which is supposed to safeguard all minorities’ rights equally. In this commentary, I briefly review and focus on one aspect of why Ukrainian refugees are seemingly being treated ‘better’ – culture. Cultural proximity has been argued to be a major factor in how the Western response to the current conflict has been shaped, where Ukrainians, but not other refugee groups, are conceived of as culturally compatible with Western countries. The commentary conceptualizes this treatment within the framework of ‘promising victimhood’ and suggests that further research should focus on how victimhood is constructed within the social work profession in relation to the current crisis.

This paper presents a comprehensive research study that investigates the perspectives of video game preservation from three distinct target groups consisting of game developers, game museums, and video game enthusiasts. Each target group expressed their thoughts and opinions regarding game preservation efforts and the use of emulation as a preservation method. Through a mixed-method approach, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, the study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from 148 respondents. By examining the responses, different challenges, obstacles, and possible improvements were identified for each target group. The findings of this study revealed several common themes among the participants. The importance of collaboration and communication between all three target groups can help improve current video game preservation efforts.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker artificiell intelligens (AI):s förmåga att producera nyhetsartiklar, vad bristerna och styrkorna med AI-genererade artiklar är samt vilka etiska problem som finns med att implementera AI i journalistiska processer. Mer specifikt har GPT-4, som i skrivande stund är en ny men kraftig språkmodell, använts för att generera artiklarna som undersökts.

I studien har sex deltagare blivit exponerade för totalt nyhetsartiklar varav fem var AI-genererade och fem var mänskliga. Deltagarna har sedan, utan att få veta vem som skrivit artiklarna, fått uttrycka sina tankar och känslor om artiklarna och AI-genererade nyheteröverlag i syfte att öka förståelsen för hur artiklarna upplevdes.

Resultatet från undersökningen visar att deltagarna överlag hade svårt att identifiera vilka artiklar som var genererade av AI. Ofta gissade de att en människa hade skrivit texten, fast den var AI-genererad. Detta varierade dock något mellan texterna. Vissa av de AI-genererade artiklarna hade brister som gjorde att deltagarna kunde identifiera dem som icke-mänskliga. Exempel på brister var att de innehöll upprepningar, konstiga formuleringar, upplevdes som opersonliga eller innehöll politiskt vinklade budskap. De innehöll även faktafel.

De AI-genererade artiklarna kunde dock, trots vissa brister, ofta övertyga läsarna om att de var skrivna av en människa. Ett inslag som visade sig vara särskilt effektivt var förekomsten av antropomorfiska, eller mänskliga inslag i artiklarna. Mot undersökningens slut fick deltagarna frågan hur de ser på att eventuellt läsa AI-genererade nyheter i framtiden. Deras åsikter visade sig vara blandade - vissa var positiva till att läsa algoritmiskt genererade nyheter men vissa var också skeptiska.

Slutsatsen som kan dras utifrån litteraturstudien i kombination med resultatet från undersökningen är att även om generativ AI som GPT-4 är på god väg mot att kunna generera språkmässigt passerbara nyhetsartiklar, bör beslut om att implementera tekniken noga övervägas, inte minst på grund av de etiska problem som kan uppstå när AI agerar journalist.

The meaning of home for queer people has been widely empirically explored as well as theorized. Not least has the home been important for the older generations of queer people, who lived in times where their sexualities and gender identities have been criminalized and pathologized and where there have been few public meeting places historically. However, having care needs may blur the lines between private and public and complicate notions of integrity in one’s home. This article is based on qualitative interviews and aims to explore experiences of queer people in a Swedish context who have eldercare services—either people who have home-care-services or who are living in care homes. A queer theoretical framework and reflexive thematic analysis was used. The results illustrate how there is a silence around gender and sexuality in the everyday life within eldercare. This in turn is caused by material conditions where downsizing and effectivization of the eldercare have created pressed working conditions that leave little room for small talk between staff and recipients of care. Norms on age, gender, and sexuality with notions on older people as asexual (as well as cisgender and straight) may play into this silence as well. The boundaries between the private (home) and the public (eldercare) become blurred. This in turn conditions which intimacy practices that become im/possible. Simultaneously, there is a presence of queer resistance as well as of longings for other (queer) futures.